• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1455-1460
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• 2006

The relationship between fatigue crack growth behavior and cyclic crack tip opening displacement is studied. An elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to examine the growth behavior of fatigue crack, where the contact elements are used in the mesh of the crack tip area. We investigate the relationship between the reversed plastic zone size and the changes of the cyclic crack tip opening displacement along the crack growth. We investigate the effect of the element size when predict fatigue crack opening behavior using the cyclic crack tip opening displacement obtained from FEA. The cyclic crack tip opening displacement is related to fatigue crack opening behavior.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.67-72
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• 2001

The LBB behavior and the crack opening displacement after a crack penetrated wall thickness of statically indeterminate piping system were investigated in this study, compared with statically determinate piping system. The reduction of ultimate strength caused by a crack was relatively small in the statically indeterminate piping system. The statically indeterminate piping system has more safety margin for LBB behavior than the statically determinate piping system. The crack opening displacement could be evaluated by using the plastic rotation angle proposed to evaluate the crack opening displacement after crack penetration in pipe with a non-penetrating crack.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2002

The leak-before-break (LBB) behaviors of a structural component under high and low fatigue loads are an important problem in nuclear power plants, liquid nitrogen gas tankers and chemical plants. This paper is an experimental study to evaluate the crack opening behavior after penetration for plate and pipe specimens. Crack opening displacement after penetration under low fatigue load could be satisfactorily determined at the center of the plate thickness regardless of the specimen size. In the case of high fatigue load, it is shown that the crack opening displacement at the center of a penetrated crack carl be derived using the gross stress, $\sigma$/sug G/, and the front surface crack length, a$\_$s/, together with the back surface crack length, a$\_$b/.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2007

This paper presents a closed-form model for evaluating the restraint effect of pressure induced bending on the opening of a circumferential through-wall crack, which is considered plastic deformation behavior. Three-dimensional finite element analyses with different crack lengths, restraint conditions, pipe geometries, magnitudes of internal pressure, and tensile properties were used to investigate the influence of each parameter on the pressure-induced bending restraint on the crack opening displacement. From these investigations, an analytical model based on elastic-perfectly plastic material was developed in terms of the crack length, symmetric restraint length, mean radius to thickness ratio, axial stress corresponding to the internal pressure, and normalized crack opening displacement evaluated from a linear-elastic crack opening condition. Finite element analyses results demonstrate that the proposed analytical model reliably estimated the restraint effect of pressure-induced bending on the plastic crack opening of a circumferential through-wall crack and properly reflected the dependence on each parameter within the range over which the analytical expression was derived.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2008

The magnitude of constraint effect $A_2$ value was experimentally estimated by using crack tip opening displacement(CTOD) between elastic and plastic regions near crack tip front for CT specimen with $25.4t{\ss}{\AE}$ SS400 steel. The constraint effect, $A_2$ was dependent on specimen configuration and on the measured positions of CTOD near crack front. $A_2$ should be estimated using the opening displacement calculated within crack front plastic region. If not, it's not reliable to evaluate of constraint effect at crack growth initiation in this paper.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.202-207
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• 2004

An elastic-plastic finite element analysis of fatigue crack closure is performed for plane strain conditions. The stabilization behavior of crack opening level and the effect of mesh size on the crack opening stress are investigated. In order to obtain a stabilized crack opening level for plane strain conditions, the crack must be advanced through approximately four times the initial monotonic plastic zone. The crack opening load tends to increase with the decrease of mesh size. The mesh size nearly equal to the theoretical plane strain cyclic plastic zone size may provide reasonable numerical results comparable with experimental crack opening data. The crack opening behavior is influenced by the crack growth increment and discontinuous opening behavior is observed. A procedure to predict the most appropriate mesh size for different stress ratio is suggested. Crack opening loads predicted by the FE analysis based on the procedure suggested resulted in good agreement with experimental ones within the error of 5 %. Effect of the distance behind the crack tip on the crack opening load determined by the ASTM compliance offset method based on the load-displacement relation and by the rotational offset method based on the load-differential displacement relation is investigated. Optimal gage location and method to determine the crack opening load is suggested.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

According to recent research on leak-rate estimates to assess rupture probabilities of nuclear piping which contains a circumferential surface/through-wall cracks due to PWSCC, i.e., xLPR (Extremely Low Probability of Rupture) program, it has been revealed that the use of crack shape with an idealized circumferential through-wall crack during actual crack growth can lead to overestimate of the leak-rate. Thus, for accurate estimation of the leak-rate during crack growth, the more realistic crack shape that can simulate the crack shape transition from surface crack to through-wall crack should be used. In this context, in the present study, the elastic crack opening displacement of slanted circumferential through-wall crack in thick-walled cylinder was proposed based on 3-dimensional elastic finite element fracture mechanics analyses. To propose the elastic crack opening displacement of slanted circumferential through-wall crack in thick-walled cylinder, the geometric variables affecting crack opening displacement, i.e., thickness of cylinder, reference inner crack length and slant crack ratio were systematically varied. In terms of loading conditions, axial tension, global bending moment and internal pressure were considered. The present results can be applied to calculate the leak-rate considering more realistic crack shape transition from surface crack to idealized through-wall crack, and can be expected to enhance current leak-rate estimation scheme, for instance, in xLPR program etc.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.729-732
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• 2003

The K-R design curve is an engineering method of linear-elastic fracture analysis under plane-stress loading conditions. By the way, linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is valid only as long as nonlinear material deformation is confined to a small region surrounding the crack tip. Like general steels, it is virtually impossible to characterize the fracture behavior with LEFM, in many materials. Critical values of J contour integral or crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) give nearly size independent measures of fracture toughness, even for relatively large amounts of crack tip plasticity. Furthermore, the crack tip opening displacement is the only parameter that can be directly measured in the fracture test. On the other. the crack tip opening angle (CTOA) test is similar to CTOD experimentally. Moreover, the test is easier to measure the fracture toughness than other method. The shape of the CTOA curve depends on material fracture behavior and, on the opening configuration of the cracked structure. CTOA parameter describes crack tip conditions in elastic-plastic materials, and it can be used as a fracture criterion effectively. In this paper, CTOA test is performed for steel JS-SS400 hot-rolled thin plates under plane-stress loading conditions. Special experimental apparatuses are used to prevent specimens from buckling and to measure crack tip opening angle for thin compact tension (CT) specimens.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1576-1582
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 Al 2024-T3 판으로 제작된 한면 노치 시편에 여러 조건의 피로 하중을 가하여 노치면내에 형성된 미소 피로균열의 COD를 광학적 간섭현상에 기초를 둔 미소 변위측정기(Interferometric Strain/Displacement Gage`ISDG)를 개량하여 측 정하였다. 이 ISDG의 컴퓨터 조정방식을 정밀화시켜 0.02$\mu\textrm{m}$까지의 상대변위를 측정 할 수 있도록 보완하였다. 고정밀화돈 측정기로 수십 $\mu\textrm{m}$길이의 미소균열의 COD도 측 정하였고 컴류터에 저장시킴으로써 시험후 미소 피로균열에 대한 열림 특성을 분석할 수 있다. 측정된 미소 피로균열의 균열열림특성을 고찰하고 긴 균열의 열림특성과도 비교.분석 하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.908-917
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• 1995

The constant .DELTA.K fatigue tests are performed in SS41 and its weldments to investigate crack opening behavior and fatigue crack propagation behavior at each parts of weldment and its boundary layer. The weldments were annealed after welding for the purpose of relieving residual stress. Every weldments has notch at weld metal zone, and fatigue crack propagates from weld metal zone to vase metal zone perpendicular to weld line. The Laser ISDG method is used in order to determine the crack opening ratio, this method is more precise than indirect measurement method, and faster and easier than other direct measurement method.