• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

원자력발전소 증기발생기 전열관에 균열이 발생할 경우 해당 전열관을 관막음하여 안전하게 운영하고 있다. 만약 가동중검사시 균열 검출에 실패할 경우 전열관 파단사고와 같은 대형 사고로 이어질 수 있다. 증기발생기 전열관에는 여러 유형의 균열이 발생하고 있는데, 와전류검사로부터 균열이 확인된 경우 균열의 크기를 평가하여 전열관의 건전성을 평가하여야 한다. 그러나 균열의 깊이평가는 평가방법이 난해하여 평가 결과의 정확도 및 평가자 사이의 일관성이 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 현재 사용되고 있는 균열깊이 평가방법에 대한 정확도 및 일관성을 확인하고, 보다 신뢰성 있는 평가방법의 개발을 위하여 고리 1호기 구증기발생기를 활용하였다. 국내 유자격 평가자들의 round robin test 결과를 통계적으로 분석하여 균열 유형별 최적의 평가방법을 도출하였다. 본 논문에서 제시된 균열깊이 평가기법은 국내 원전의 증기발생기관리프로그램에 활용되어 원전의 신뢰성 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

Some techniques developed recently for sizing smalt fatigue cracks are described. One is an ultrasonic technique which deals with a small closed crack, where both the stress closing the crack and the crack size are determined by analyzing inverse problem. Here, difficulties encountered in NDE of closed cracks by usual ultrasonic techniques are summarized in advance. Secondly, the closely coupled probes potential drop (CCPPD) technique, which is based on d-c potential drop measurement, is explained fur sizing small cracks. The CCPPD technique is not affected by crack closure. Finally, a discussion is given on NDE of materials degradation in conjunction with sensitive NDE of small cracks.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2007

항공기 구조를 모사하여 일련의 리벳구멍을 갖는 AA2024-T3 박판 구조를 대상으로 음향방출(AE)을 이용하여 피로균열을 탐지하고, 표면초음파(SAW)를 이용하여 균열길이를 측정하였다. 누적 AE 발생수 곡선은 단균열(short crack)의 발생과 성장에 따라 일정한 간격을 두고 급격히 증가하는 계단식 형태로 나타났으나 피로균열의 성장은 지수함수적인 증가를 보였다. SAW를 이용한 균열길이 측정은 균열길이가 다른 13개의 균열에 대하여 실시하였고, 측정된 데이터를 이동식 현미경으로 측정한 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 1 mm 이하의 단균열의 크기를 표면초음파 방법으로 측정하는 것은 거의 불가능하였으나, 1 mm 이상의 균열에서는 비교적 높은 신뢰도로 균열길이 측정이 가능함을 확인함으로써 실용적인 측면에서 이 방법이 유효하게 사용될 수 있는 영역이 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.253-270
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• 2013

The aim of the present paper is to show the application of optimization strategies for the cost of beams in reinforced concrete buildings and to propose pre-sizing parameters. In order for these goals to be met, an optimization software program was developed. The program combines the analysis of structures by the grid model, reinforced concrete sizing, and the simulated annealing optimization heuristic. Sizing is compliant with the NBR 6118 (2007) Brazilian standard, according to which flexural, shearing, torsion, and web reinforcements and serviceability limit states (deflection and crack width limitation) are checked. Besides the dimensions of the situations mentioned above, the influence the cost of each material (steel, concrete and formwork) has on the overall cost of structures was also determined.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2002

Identification and sizing of surface breaking vertical cracks using angle beam ultrasonic testing in practical situation quite often become very difficult tasks due to the presence of non-relevant signals caused by geometric reflectors. The present work introduces effective and systematic approaches to take care of such a difficulty by use oi angle beam ultrasonic testing models that can predict the expected signals from various targets very accurately. Specifically, the model-based TIFD (Technique for Identification of Flaw signals using Deconvolution) is Proposed for the identification of the crack tip signals from the non-relevant geometric reflection signals. In addition, the model-based Size-Amplitude Curve is introduced for the reliable sizing of surface breaking vertical cracks.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 표면으로부터 내부로 진전된 CT피로시험편의 노치 피로균열을 대상으로 회절초음파를 이용하여 균열깊이를 평가하기 위한 방법을 제안하고 그 타당성을 실험에 의해 검증하였다. 특히 균열선단 이외에 노치와 같은 또 다른 회절파 발생요소가 존재하는 상황에서 회절파 성분들을 정확하게 규명하기 위해 탐촉자 스캔에 의한 영상화 및 전파경로 분석을 실시하였다. 실험은 균열이 없는 시험편과 균열이 있는 시험편에 적용하였다. 실험 및 분석의 결과 주파수가 클수록 그리고 탐촉자의 굴절각이 클수록 정확한 측정이 가능했고, 4MHz의 $60^{\circ}-60^{\circ}$ 탐촉자 조합의 경우 오차 0.38 mm 이내로 균열깊이가 측정되었다. 제안 기법은 균열 선단부가 미세하여 회절파 세기가 미약하더라도 적용이 가능하다는 특징을 가지므로 미세 균열의 검사 및 깊이 평가에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

The flaws detected by the non-destructive surface test methods shall be sized by means of the volumetric test such as an UT(ultrasonic test) or an ECT(eddy current test) for the purpose of analyzing and repairing them. It is generally known that the ECT is a comparatively effective technique for the small size cracks which are located shallowly from the surface. On this study, the ECT technique was tried to size the depth of the crack-like EDM notches, and it is identified that the ECT is an appropriate depth sizing technique for the shallow cracks less than 3mm in the Martensitic CA6NM material.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.883-888
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• 2014

This work presents the influence of noise originating from the tube itself on the detectability and sizing accuracy for laboratory-induced outer diameter axial cracks in nuclear steam generator tubes. The variations of signal amplitude and phase angle of the same cracks were analyzed when increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the tube itself from 9 to 18. It was experimentally verified that the detectability for small cracks was enhanced by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. The phase angle also rotated to a value representing the actual position and depth of a crack when increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1998년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.309-316
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• 1998

In this paper, a newly derived formulation of a crack detection model is presented and its feasibility to detect cracks in structures is verified experimentally. To meet this objective, the followig approach is utilized. Firstly, the crack detection scheme which consists of the damage localization model and the crack detection model is formulated. Secondly, the feasibility and practicality of the complete procedure of the crack detection model is evaluated by locating and sizing cracks in clamped-clamped beams for which a f3w modal parameters were measured for sixteen uncracked and cracked states. Major results observed from the crack detection exercises include that far most damage cases, the predicted crack locations falls within very close to the inflicted locations of cracks in the test beam and the size of crack values estimated at the predicted locations are very close to the inflicted magnitudes.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

Ultrasonic inspection of heavy walled cast austenitic stainless steel(CASS)welds is very difficult due to complex and coarse grained structure of CASS material. The large size of anisotropic grain strongly affects the propagation of ultrasound by severe attenuation, change in velocity, and scattering of ultrasonic energy. therefore, the signal patterns originated from flaws can be difficult to distinguish from scattered signals. To improve detection and sizing capability of ID connected defect for heavy walled CASS piping welds, the low frequency segmented TRL Pulse Echo and Phased Array probe has been developed. The experimental studies have been performed using CASS pipe mock-up block containing artificial reflectors(ID connected EDM notch). The automatic pulse echo and phase array technique is applied the detection and the length sizing of the ID connected artificial reflectors and the results for detection and sizing has been compared respectively. The goal of this study is to assess a newly developed ultrasonic probe to improve the detection ability and the sizing of the crack in coarse-grained CASS components.