• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.86 no.5
• /
• pp.607-619
• /
• 2023

This study, it was tried to evaluate the asphalt behavior under tensile loading conditions through indirect Brazilian and direct tensile tests, experimentally and numerically. This paper is important from two points of view. The first one, a new test method was developed for the determination of the direct tensile strength of asphalt and its difference was obtained from the indirect test method. The second one, the effects of particle size and loading rate have been cleared on the tensile fracture mechanism. The experimental direct tensile strength of the asphalt specimens was measured in the laboratory using the compression-to-tensile load converting (CTLC) device. Some special types of asphalt specimens were prepared in the form of slabs with a central hole. The CTLC device is then equipped with this specimen and placed in the universal testing machine. Then, the direct tensile strength of asphalt specimens with different sizes of ingredients can be measured at different loading rates in the laboratory. The particle flow code (PFC) was used to numerically simulate the direct tensile strength test of asphalt samples. This numerical modeling technique is based on the versatile discrete element method (DEM). Three different particle diameters were chosen and were tested under three different loading rates. The results show that when the loading rate was 0.016 mm/sec, two tensile cracks were initiated from the left and right of the hole and propagated perpendicular to the loading axis till coalescence to the model boundary. When the loading rate was 0.032 mm/sec, two tensile cracks were initiated from the left and right of the hole and propagated perpendicular to the loading axis. The branching occurs in these cracks. This shows that the crack propagation is under quasi-static conditions. When the loading rate was 0.064 mm/sec, mixed tensile and shear cracks were initiated below the loading walls and branching occurred in these cracks. This shows that the crack propagation is under dynamic conditions. The loading rate increases and the tensile strength increases. Because all defects mobilized under a low loading rate and this led to decreasing the tensile strength. The experimental results for the direct tensile strengths of asphalt specimens of different ingredients were in good accordance with their corresponding results approximated by DEM software.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.393-402
• /
• 2018

While interacting with a sloping structure, an ice floe may fracture in different patterns. For example, it can be local bending failure or global splitting failure depending on the contact properties, geometry and confinement of the ice floe. Modelling these different fracture patterns as a natural outcome of numerical simulations is rather challenging. This is mainly because the effects of crack propagation, crack branching, multi fracturing modes and eventual fragmentation within a solid material are still questions to be answered by the on-going research in the Computational Mechanic community. In order to simulate the fracturing of ice floes with arbitrary geometries and confinement; and also to simulate the fracturing events at such a large scale yet with sufficient efficiency, we propose a semi-analytical/empirical and semi-numerical approach; but with focus on the global splitting failure mode in this paper. The simulation method is validated against data we collected during the Oden Arctic Technology Research Cruise 2015 (OATRC2015). The data include: 1) camera images based on which we specify the exact geometry of ice floes before and after an impact and fracturing event; 2) IMU data based on which the global dynamic force encountered by the icebreaker is extracted for the impact event. It was found that this method presents reasonably accurate results and realistic fracturing patterns upon given ice floes.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2002

Electrical insulation and mechanical properties of the plasma sprayed oxide ceramic coatings were studied before and after the sealing treatment of the ceramic coatings. Plasma sprayed A1$_2$O$_3$-TiO$_2$ coating as the reference coating was sealed using three commercial sealants based on polymer. Penetration depth of the sealants to the ceramic coating was evaluated directly from the optical microscope using a fluorescent dye. It is estimated that the penetration depth of the sealants to the ceramic coating is from 0.2 to 0.5 mm depending on the sealants used. The preliminary test results with a DC puncture tester imply that the dielectric breakdown voltage mechanism of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings has been determined to be a corona mechanism. Dielectric breakdown voltage of the as-sprayed and as-ground samples have shown a linear trend with regard to the thickness showing an average dielectric strength of 20 kV/mm for the thickness scale studied. It is also shown that grinding the coating before sealing and adding fluorescent dye do not agent the penetration depth of sealants. All of the microhardness, two-body abrasive wear resistance, bond strength, and surface roughness of the ceramic coating after the sealing treatment are improved. The extent of improvement is different from the sealants used. However, three-point bending stress of the ceramic coating after the sealing treatment is decreased. This is attributed to the reduced micro-crack toughening effect since the cracks propagate easily through the lamellar of the coating without crack deflection and/or branching after the sealing treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 1988

$\beta$-Sialon powder was prepared by the reduction-nitridation reaction from the mixture of Wando Pyrophyllite and carbon black at 135$0^{\circ}C$ in $N_2$ atmosphere. $\beta$-SiC powder was added to the prepared $\beta$-Sialon powder to make $\beta$-Sialon-SiC composite. The $\beta$-Sialon-SiC composites were sintered pressurelessly at 175$0^{\circ}C$ for 2h, using $Y_2O_3$ and $ZrO_2$(monoclinic) as sintering aids. Comparatively higher values of the fracture toughness (3.8 MN/㎥/2), M.O.R. (470 MN/$m^2$) and vickers microhardness (13.7 MN/$m^2$) were obtained when 10 wt% $Y_2O_3$ was added as a sintering aid. The improved fracture toughness and M.O.R. are assumed to be the results of crack deflection and crack branching by the second phase SiC particles.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.23 no.10
• /
• pp.568-573
• /
• 2013

The deformation properties of a TiC-Mo eutectic composite were investigated in a compression test at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 2053 K and at strain rates ranging from $3.9{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$ to $4.9{\times}10^{-3}s^{-1}$. It was found that this material shows excellent high-temperature strength as well as appreciable room-temperature toughness, suggesting that the material is a good candidate for high-temperature application as a structure material. At a low-temperature, high strength is observed. The deformation behavior is different among the three temperature ranges tested here, i.e., low, intermediate and high. At an intermediate temperature, no yield drop occurs, and from the beginning the work hardening level is high. At a high temperature, a yield drop occurs again, after which deformation proceeds with nearly constant stress. The temperature- and yield-stress-dependence of the strain is the strongest in this case among the three temperature ranges. The observed high-temperature deformation behavior suggests that the excellent high-temperature strength is due to the constraining of the deformation in the Mo phase by the thin TiC components, which is considerably stronger than bulk TiC. It is also concluded that the appreciable room-temperature toughness is ascribed to the frequent branching of crack paths as well as to the plastic deformation of the Mo phase.