• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2023

Enterovirus infections induce infectious diseases in young children, such as hand, foot, and mouth disease which is characterized by highly contagious rashes or blisters around the hands, feet, buttocks, and mouth. This predominantly arises from enterovirus A71 or coxsackievirus A16 infections and in severe cases, they can lead to encephalitis, paralysis, pulmonary edema, or even fatality, representing a global health threat. Due to the absence of effective therapeutic strategies for these infections, various experimental animal models are being investigated for the development of vaccines. During the early stages of research on enterovirus infections, non-human primate infections exhibited symptoms like those in humans, leading to their utilization as model animals. However, due to economic and ethical considerations, their current usage is limited. While enterovirus infections do not readily occur in mice, an infection model with mouse-adapted strain in neonatal mice has been employed. Cellular receptors have been identified in human cells, and genetically modified mice expressing these receptors have been used. Most recently, the utilization of Mongolian gerbil model is actively being considered and should be pursued for further animal model development. So, herein, we provide a summarized overview of the current portfolio of available enterovirus infection models, emphasizing their respective advantages and limitations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.550-555
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• 2006

CVB3 is a virulent human pathogen that induces myocarditis and ultimately dilated cardiomyopathy. Although several apoptotic factors are involved in the cell death induced by CVB3, the upstream signal transduction factors of CVB3-induced apoptosis are still unclear. We explored and characterized the role of PKC $\delta$ in CVB3-infected cells. PKC $\delta$ was cleaved after CVB3 infection and was activated at 6 h postinfection. PKC $\delta$ was also translocated into the nucleus via mitochondria after CVB3 infection, and overexpression of wild-type PKC $\delta$ reduced the apoptotic cell death caused by CVB3. These results indicate that PKC $\delta$ has an antiapoptotic role in CVB3 infection.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.210-218
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• 1999

목 적 : 저자들은 소아에서 배양으로 확진된 장바이러스 감염의 역학 및 임상적 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 한림대학교 부속 한강, 강암, 동산, 강동 및 춘천 성심병원 소아과에 입원하여 장바이러스가 배양된 환아를 대상으로 각 바이러스의 유행 양상, 성별, 연령 및 임상양상을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 장바이러스는 대변 245례중 126례(51.4%), 비인두흡인물 89례중 15례(16.8%) 뇌척수액 1,835례중 195례 (10.6%)에서 배양되었다. 이중 echovirus (Echo)는 273(30형 197, 9형 46, 6형 17, 미분류 13)례. coxsackievirus B(CB)는 24(2형 11, 5형 2, 미분류 11)례. coxsackievirus A(CA) 24형이 7례, 분류되지 않은 장바이러스가 32례이었다. 2) 장바이러스는 '96년에 65례 (Echo 9형 46례), '97년에 239례 (Echo 30형 197례), '98년에 32례 (CB 15례 : CB 2형 9례)가 분리되었으며, '66년은 8~10월, '97년과 '98년은 5~7월에 주로 발생하였다. 3) 장바이러스 감염아의 평균 연령은 $62.1{\pm}38.0$개월이었고 74.6%가 7세 미만이었으며, 남아 203명 (67%), 여아 100명 (33%)으로 남아에서 많이 발생하였다. 4) 장바이러스가 배양된 305명 환아 중 242명 (79.3%)에서 무균성 뇌막염이 확진되었으며, 사망한 환아는 없었다. 결 론 : 장바이러스 유행은 늦봄부터 가을 사이에 발생하였고, '96년은 Echo 9형, '97년은 Echo 30형, '98년은 CB 2형이 주된 원인이었으며, 대변의 배양율이 가장 높았다. 장바이러스가 배양된 한아는 남아가 많았고 학동 전기 소아에서 호발하였으며, 79.3%가 무균성 뇌막염으로 진단되었다.