• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.275-278
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• 1998

Recently, the clinical applications of the autogenous cancellous bone from the proximal tibial metaphysis show satisfactory results in the repair of maxillofacial bony defect or deformity. The proximal tibia has the potential to yield viable cancellous bone with a minimum of morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regeneration of a full thickness proximal tibial bone defect with covering or uncovering of cortical bone. The follow-up periods were 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Bone defect of right side was uncovered and left side was covered with cortical bone. In the experimental group (uncovered cortical bone) at 12 weeks, the inside of defect was filled to normal marrow tissue. The cortical bone defect was united of inner, outer callus at 4, 8 weeks in both study group. At 12 weeks, the cortical bone defect was remodeled and invaded by osteoclast (giant cell) in experimental group. In the experimental specimen at 12 weeks, the regenerating tissue of bone defect was not differ from the control group.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.621-628
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• 2020

The study investigates a promising sustainable crop-insurance risk mitigation plan, namely, Group Risk Income Protection (GRIP) insurance, for the cultivation of Para rubber, a crop for which Southern Thailand constitutes over half of the national harvested area, but which recently experienced a shift in prices and yields, substantially affecting farmers. The research takes as its starting point historical data covering the 2001-2018 period for this crop's cultivation in three of Thailand's Andaman South Coast provinces - Trang, Krabi, and Phangnga. The results indicate that, from a relatively high base in 2001, Trang's yields dropped sharply before a more gradual decline (apparently still ongoing), whereas those for Krabi and Phangnga followed a smoother downward trajectory throughout the period. Meanwhile, prices everywhere rose steadily before falling from 2011 onwards - a decrease that shows no signs of abating. The yield/price relationship was negative for one province and slightly positive for the other provinces. Furthermore, all provinces' Para rubber income initially grew continually but fell after 2011, with this trend seemingly persisting to this day. The paper's findings suggest that, after early moves to entrench GRIP insurance, it looks set to become a feasible option for Para rubber, making policy agreement details an interesting subject for subsequent investigations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2008

The coverage algorithm based on Boustrophedon path has been known to be the most efficient in places without or less obstacles If the map of an environmental area thru SLAM algorithm can be obtainable. However, the efficiency of the coverage algorithm based on Boustrophedon path drops drastically when obstacles are complex. In this paper, we propose and implement a new algorithm, which we call Group-k, that efficiently handles the complex area. The Group-k algorithm groups the obstacles and prioritizes the covering sequences with complex rank of the groups. Implementation-based experiments show about 20% improved performance when applying the nor- algorithm, compared to the Boustrophedon path algorithm.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to explore an effect exerted to non-affected hand and affected hand of patients by performing training of chopsticks and grasp strength that are helpful to dexterity and grasp strength of hand together with training method of joint exercise, muscle strength build-up training, delicate hand function training. Method : By targeting 30 normal adult male/females engaged in K university, Busan for one month on April, 2015, 10 persons of hand function build-up training group, that of dexterity training group and 10 persons of control group were randomly selected. For hand function build-up training group, chopsticks training in parallel with total 20 times of grasp strength training for 4 weeks including 5 minutes of dominant hand grasp strength training, 5 minutes of non-dominant hand grasp strength training, 15 minutes of chopsticks training was performed based on 25 minutes/one time, 5 times a week. Result : First, In a comparison of dexterity of both hands by each group depending on training period, hand function build-up group and dexterity training group were represented to be effective compared with control group. Secondly, In a comparison of manipulatory ability of both hands by each group depending on training period, hand function build-up group and dexterity training group were represented to be effective compared with control group. Conclusion : It is considered that diversified and broad research covering patients with musculoskeletal disease and nervous system-related disease would be performed by securing far more test subjects after comparing a correlation between dexterity training and hand function training.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.649-657
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of enneagram group counseling program on self-identification and depression in nursing college students. Three groups, categorized by how the students solve their conflicts, were selected to identify changes from the program. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and pre posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or control group (n=33). The experimental group participated in enneagram group counseling program for 38 hours through eight sessions covering four different topics. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Total self-identity score for the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for depression scores. The Assertive and Compliant groups demonstrated significant change in self-identification while the Withdrawn groups did not reveal any change. Conclusion: Results indicate that the enneagram group counseling program is very effective in establishing positive self-identification for nursing college students who face developmental crisis and stressful situations. It is also expected that this program would be useful to enhance the students' confidence through a deeper understanding and acceptance of themselves.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.220-230
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• 1999

Four tidal flats, covering two dissipative type beaches and two other tidal mud flats, around Yonaiong-Yongyu Islands, Inchon, Korea were studied in May 1991 to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of benthic communities on macrotidal flats. From the statistical test on spatial patterns of species number, density, and biomass, significant trends were found in species number and biomass. Although quantitative analysis was not performed, the interpretation showed that the variations were ruled out by environmental gradients such as sediment grain size and tidal elevation. The eight communities revealed in this study are as follows: Moerella-Mactra(Group 1), llyoplax-Glycera -Magelona japonica-Magelona sp.-Pe riserrula ( Group 2), Amphiura-Nephtys californiensis-Bullacta-Eohaustorius (Group 3), Leonnates-Heteromastus-Pretankyra-Nephtys polybranchia (Group4), Nephtys chemulpoensis-Macrophthalmus (Group 5), Ceratonereis-Scopimera (Group 6), Haustorioides-Urothoe (Group 7) and Cycladicama-Armandia-Minuspio community (Group 8). Some of these communities were classified into substratum-specific (Group 1 to 3) and tidal elevation-specific communities (Group 4). It was difficult to identify the predominant governing agent in Groups 5,6,7 and 8 because of their presence at extreme types of sediment and at uppermost elevations. Mixed effects seemed to act upon the latter four communities (Group 5 to 8). Based on the number of samples, 60% of the target samples were influenced by substratum properties, 20% by tidal elevation effect and 20% by mixed effect of the two factors. From this, it was concluded that substratum properties serve as the most important factors on soft bottom inhabitants in the area studied.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

Objective : In order to develop a novel nerve guidance channel using porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) for nerve regeneration, we investigated the possibility of SIS, a tissue consisting of acellular collagen material without cellular immunogenicity, and containing many kinds of growth factors, as a natural material with a new bioactive functionality. Methods : Left sciatic nerves were cut 5 mm in length, in 14 Sprague-Dawley rats. Grafts between the cut nerve ends were performed with a silicone tube (Silicon group, n=7) and rolled porcine SIS (SIS group, n=7). All rats underwent a motor function test and an electromyography (EMG) study on 4 and 10 weeks after grafting. After last EMG studies, the grafts, including proximal and distal nerve segments, were retrieved for histological analysis. Results : Foot ulcers, due to hypesthesia, were fewer in SIS group than in Silicon group. The run time tests for motor function study were 2.67 seconds in Silicon group and 5.92 seconds in SIS group. Rats in SIS group showed a better EMG response for distal motor latency and amplitude than in Silicon group. Histologically, all grafts contained some axons and myelination. However, the number of axons and the degree of myelination were significantly higher in SIS group than Silicon group. Conclusion : These results show that the porcine SIS was an excellent option as a natural biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration since this material contains many kinds of nerve growth factors. Furthermore, it could be used as a biocompatible barrier covering neural tissue.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2001

Objective : Authors analyzed clinical outcomes of cranioplasty according to the materials used for covering defects of the skulls. Methods : From January 1997 to February 2000, there were forty one patients undergone cranioplasty at our institution. We used refrigerated autogenous bone flaps in 19 cases(group A) and methyl methacrylate(MMA) in 22 cases(group B). The medical records and plain skull radiographs of the patient were reviewed. Results : There were thirty men and eleven women. Mean follow up period was 12 months(From operation to last Outpatient department follow up). The mean operative time of the group A($136.8{\pm}3$ minutes) was shorter than the group B($172.7{\pm}2$ minutes, Mann-Whitney test, p=0.001). In group A, the degree of satisfaction was good in 8 cases, fair in 10, and poor in 1. In the group B, there were fair in 13 and poor in 9. So the cosmetic result was superior in the group A(Chi-square test, p=0.00). The complications were occured in one case of flap infection in the group A and 6 in the group B(one stitch abscess, 4 infected flaps, one subgaleal hematoma). Conclusion : Cranioplasty using refrigerated autogenous bone flap showed shorter operative time, better cosmetic results, and less complication rate than those using MMA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 2024

Background: Postoperative pain management following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) remains a critical concern due to severe post-procedural pain. Promising results have been reported for cryoanalgesia following MIRPE; however, its invasiveness, single-lung ventilation, and additional instrumentation requirements remain obstacles. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a regional block technique capable of covering the anterior chest wall at the T2-9 levels, which are affected by MIRPE. We hypothesized that SAPB would be a superior alternative pain control modality that reduces postoperative pain more effectively than conventional methods. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent MIRPE between March 2022 and August 2023. The efficacy of pain control was compared between group N (conventional pain management, n=24) and group S (SAPB, n=26). Group N received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and subcutaneous local anesthetic infusion. Group S received bilateral continuous SAPB with 0.3% ropivacaine after a bilateral bolus injection of 30 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine with baseline IV-PCA. Pain levels were evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively and total intravenous rescue analgesic consumption by morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Results: Mean VAS scores were significantly lower in group S than in group N throughout the 72-hour postoperative period (p<0.01). Group S showed significantly lower MME at postoperative 72 hours (group N: 108.53, group S: 16.61; p<0.01). Conclusion: SAPB improved immediate postoperative pain control in both the resting and dynamic states and reduced opioid consumption compared to conventional management.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was conducted for the purpose of finding out of effects Eating training on patients with swallowing disorder caused by stroke to their swallowing functions. Method : 29 subjects were selected and the divided into two groups. Group 1 is consist of 14 patients under eating training group and Group 2 is consist of 15 patients each group has five times per week. 30 minuted per time covering 12-week period. Selected patients can swallow them selves without aspiration and basically eating trainings involve Thermal Tactile Stimulation(TTS), Shaker exercise, tongue movements, laryngeal mobilization exercise. MASA(The Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability)and VFSS(Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study) was carried out to find out effects of training. And We use FDS(Functional Dysphagia Scale) for VFSS to more objective score. Result : Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practiceless group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients. Conclusion : Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practice less group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients.