• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate damage conditions of cut slope structures due to acid rock drainage (ARB) and to assess the acid production potential of various rocks. Acid rock drainage is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals contained in coal mine zone and mineralization belt of Pyeongan supergroup and Ogcheon group, pyrite-bearing andesite, and Tertiary acid sulfate soils in Korea. Most of cut slopes producing ARB have been treated with shotcrete to reduce ARD. According to the field observations, ARD had an adverse effect on slope structures. The corrosion of shotcrete, anchors and rock bolts and the bad germination and growth diseases of covering plants due to ARD were observed in the field. The concentration of heavy metals and pH of ARD from cut slope exceeded the environmental standard, indicating a high potential of environmental pollution of surrounding soil, surface water and ground water by the ARD. According to acid base accounting (ABA) of the studied samples, hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, tuffs, coaly shales, tailings of metallic mine had a relatively high potential of acid production but gneiss and granite had no or less acid production potential. It is expected that the number of cut slopes will increase hereafter considering the present construction trend. In order to reduce the adverse effect of ARD in construction sites, we need to secure the data base for potential ARD producing area and to develop the ARD reduction technologies suitable.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.115-131
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• 1998

Understanding average abnormal obese high school students' health awareness and attitude, We analyzed problems affect on this to provide basic data for the school health education in the near future. From March, 1997, covering a month period, We investigated 300 average obese students from each 3 school, both boys and girls, around Taegu area. Followings are the summary. 1) Grouping obesity, 86.6% of boys were abdominal type and 54.0% of girls were lump types. 2) IN physical check-up and serum lipid lab., there were a lot of abnormal students for blood pressure, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), neutral lipid, the rate of lipid in the body, atherosclerosis index and electrocardiogram (ECG).; Especially, for the rate of Lipid in the body, 100.0% were in the abnormal range. 3) The main reasons of stress were on the physique and grade. Over 50.0% of students get rid of their stress by singing and dancing. 4) 46.7% of boys and 56.0% of girls were satisfied with their desks and 51.3% of boys and 48.0% of girls were satisfied with their chairs.; 70.0% of boys and 78.7% of girls usually felt uncomfortable for their desks and chairs. 5) 100.0% of boys and 98.0% of girls have been educated for obesity.; 53.3% of boys and 50.7% of girls were not interested in whether joining in or not, if ‘Obese school’ is open. 60.7% of boys get information about weight loss from television, while 41.3% of girls get it from all sorts of publications.; Both sexes said eating convenience food is the main reason to be obese. Most frequent disease is high blood pressure.; 30.0% of boys and 31.3% of girls were hypertensives. 6) 84.7% of boys and 78.0% of girls are awake to the seriousness of obesity from their families. 58.7% of boys and 66.0% of girls sometimes have meals with their families. For the boys, 30.0% of them eat fruit and 29.3% eat cookies while 37.3% of girls eat cookies for their snacks. Both 57.3% of boys and 40.0% of girls have a snack once a day and they drink soft drinks frequently. Both 32.0% of boys and 46.7% of girls have midnight meals 1-2times a week. 7) Both 45.3% of boys and 50.0% of girls suddenly gained their weight in the elementary school times. 30.0% of boys exercise 1 hour for a week, while 48.0% of girls don't exercise. For the exercise hour, both 53.3% of boys and 42.0% of girls exercise for 10-30 minutes a time. 59.7% of boys and 82.0% of girls strongly don't trust in the informations on weight loss. Both 74.0% of boys and 75.3% of girls think physical therapy is the most suitable way for obesity care.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 1999

The Chinese poems written by Je-Ma Yi may be categorized into two different facets: one is about a broad spectrum of a man's feelings covering from delight to sorrow; and the other is about self-caution. He has been known to be a warrior having strong self-respect and a man of tough personality reluctant to compromise with others. As a result of analyzing his poems, however, it was confirmed that he was an ordinary person who got along with his neighborhood, took a pleasure in appreciating natural beauty and wandered around in agonies of pain. The literary features reflected in his self-caution poems are compatible with his own philosophical thought. Through these poems, he revealed his autonomous perception of life, and its ultimate goal was placed on the fulfillment of moral obligation, the highest value that a man should achieve as an individual. Je-Ma Yi's Chinese poems are in full harmony with the general tendency shown in the area of poetic literature during the late Yi dynasty. As pointed out above, particular qualities are represented in his poems, and thereby, from comparative perspectives with his unique literariness, future research activities should be directed to a well-defined study on other contemporary writers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2012

The proximities of Cheonggye creek was a maj or space for the gathering of large populations from the past times and it is also a place containing the joy, anger, sorrow, pleasure and lives of the citizens. The Cheonggye creek which flowed downtown of Seoul throughout many historical events had disappeared into history completely in the modernization process due to the contamination with life sewages and overflow. However, the city authority of Seoul decided to restore it to its shape before covering the creek by means of dismantling the old elevated ways in Cheonggye creek in line with the Large Scale City Movement Project to revive the grey city and to improve the quality of the city landscape in 2002. The cultural space was created by activating the old town sphere in Cheonggye Creek and the amenities of the giant city was improved by the cultural and natural wave created along the creek. In addition, the educational opportunity has been provided to the citizens by means of reviving its historical nature. The design and cultural value of the Cheonggye Plaza were restored for the mean time and the urban environment requested during modem times was established. The Cheonggye Plaza which heightened the balanced development in Seoul which has been developed in an unbalanced way by dividing into northern and southern area of the river is very meaningful in the viewpoint of the landscape architect who designs the urban space. The re-birth as a cultural space of downtown owing to the efforts of the said cultural catalysts is meaningful.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2008

In order to discern the development of technology in creating, properly managing, and characterizing the types used in facade greening, this article examines the instances of facade greening of Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey which is not only located in the latitude similar to South Korea's but also influenced by the both continental and oceanic climate. The study was carried out for 11 months from October 2002 to September 2003. The total 242 places were researched and they were 83 sites in Athens, 77 sites in Istanbul, and 82 sites in Sofia. Varieties, usage, configuration, foundation and characteristics of plants were studied. The goals of greening, and building's surface roughness and thickness, direction of the wall were also researched. The result of survey are as follows; 17 families and 33 species of climbing plants were found in Athens, Istanbul, and Sofia. Thickness of facade greening in the three cities is 46cm in Athens, 39cm in Istanbul, and 53cm in Sofia. The possible facade greening size per a climbing plant, Parthenocissus tricupidata takes up the largest portion of the wall in the three cities similarly followed by Vitis vinifera and Wistaria spp. By its diversity it can be assumed that these plants are most practical for large scale of facade greening and full covering. Evergreen climbing plants such as Hedera helix and Ficus niponica are useful plants for relatively large scale of facade greening area. In the facade greening types, the climbing type is the most dominant in the three cities and most of the climbing type was planted on the natural foundation but the hanging and combination types were planted on an artificial foundation located on the balcony or on the roof of the building. In the directions of the walls for facade greening, the west direction are most popular which is for the improvement of sun shading in summer season. In Sofia the apartments were most applied with facade greening but In Istanbul and Athens the residential buildings and the public buildings were adapted with facade greening actively as well as residential building. The purpose of lowering summer heat took up the highest portion followed by the purpose of ornamentation and maintaining privacy in all surveyed cities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.94-101
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• 2008

Warming trends during winter seasons in East Asian regions are expected to accelerate in the future according to the climate projection by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Warmer winters may affect short-term cold hardiness of deciduous fruit trees, and yet phenological observations are scant compared to long-term climate records in the regions. Dormancy depth, which can be estimated by daily temperature, is expected to serve as a reasonable proxy for physiological tolerance of flowering buds to low temperature in winter. In order to delineate the geographical pattern of short-term cold hardiness in grapevines, a selected dormancy depth model was parameterized for "Campbell Early", the major cultivar in South Korea. Gridded data sets of daily maximum and minimum temperature with a 270m cell spacing ("High Definition Digital Temperature Map", HDDTM) were prepared for the current climatological normal year (1971-2000) based on observations at the 56 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) stations and a geospatial interpolation scheme for correcting land surface effects (e.g., land use, topography, and site elevation). To generate relevant datasets for climatological normal years in the future, we combined a 25km-resolution, 2011-2100 temperature projection dataset covering South Korea (under the auspices of the IPCC-SRES A2 scenario) with the 1971-2000 HD-DTM. The dormancy depth model was run with the gridded datasets to estimate geographical pattern of change in the cold-hardiness period (the number of days between endo- and forced dormancy release) across South Korea for the normal years (1971-2000, 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100). Results showed that the cold-hardiness zone with 60 days or longer cold-tolerant period would diminish from 58% of the total land area of South Korea in 1971-2000 to 40% in 2011-2040, 14% in 2041-2070, and less than 3% in 2071-2100. This method can be applied to other deciduous fruit trees for delineating geographical shift of cold-hardiness zone under the projected climate change in the future, thereby providing valuable information for adaptation strategy in fruit industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.927-939
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• 2015

It appears that the rapid advance in technology has allowed to broaden the variety of rail systems technology, thereby fostering new business opportunity in rail industry. The direction of rail systems operations is mainly two fold. In one direction, long distance operations between mega cities are pursued with help of high speed trains under development. In the other case, relatively short distance operations for covering intra-city or suburban area are becoming popular. A good example of the latter case is light rail transit (LRT) systems. Due to the short distance operation, it is thus expected that both the development and operation cost for LRT systems be reduced to some extent. The cost reduction desired in there can be gained by scaling down the sizes of both the trains and stations as compared to those of normal rail systems. However, it is not well known how the LRT stations can be scaled down. The objective of this paper is to study on how to slim down the stations (particularly, the functions room) of LRT systems. To achieve the objective, an approach is studied based on a modified method of design structure matrix (DSM). Specifically, using the enhanced DSM method, an integrated architecture is developed for the functions room, in which equipments are housed to perform the functions of electricity, signaling, and communication for LRT stations. The use of the result indicates that the desired reduction can be obtained with the approach taken in the paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2015

This paper suggests an intersection method to improve the accuracy of three-dimensional position from heterogeneous satellite stereo images, and addresses validation of the suggested method following the experimental results. The three-dimensional position is achieved by determining an intersection point of two rays that have been precisely adjusted through the sensor orientation. In case of conventional homogeneous satellite stereo images, the intersection point is generally determined as a mid-point of the shortest line that links two rays in at least square fashion. In this paper, a refined method, which determines the intersection point upon the ray adjusted at the higher resolution image, was used to improve the positioning accuracy of heterogeneous satellite images. Those heterogeneous satellite stereo pairs were constituted using two KOMPSAT-2 and QuickBird images of covering the same area. Also, the positioning results were visually compared in between the conventional intersection and the refined intersection, while the quantitative analysis was performed. The results demonstrated that the potential of refined intersection improved the positioning accuracy of heterogeneous satellite stereo pairs; especially, with a weak geometry of the heterogeneous satellite stereo, the greater effects on the accuracy improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5214-5218
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• 2011

In this paper, bandwidth improvement of a series-fed two dipole array(STDA) antenna applicable for mobile communication base station antennas is studied. The proposed STDA antenna consists of two strip dipole antennas with different lengths which are connected directly trough a coplanar stripline(CPS). By adjusting the spacing between the two dipoles and the length of the second dipole, the bandwidth of the STDA can be enhanced. In addition, an integrated balun composed of a short-circuited microstrip line and a slot line is utilized to minimize the area required for a feeding part, and a broadband impedance matching is obtained by adjusting the feeding point. Based on the proposed antenna structure, an STDA antenna covering the frequency band ranging from 1.75 GHz to 2.7 GHz, which includes almost all the existing mobile communication frequency bands, with more than 5 dBi gain is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6mm, and experimentally tested. The fabricated antenna shows impedance bandwidth of 49%(1.7-2.8 GHz) for VSWR<2, a gain higher than 5.5 dBi, and a front-back ratio better than 12 dB.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-60
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• 1995

Features of geological lineaments generally play an important role at the data interpretation concerned geological processes, mineral exploration or natural hazard risk estimation. However, there are intrinsically discordances between lineaments-related features extracted from surficial geological syrvey and those from satellite imagery;nevertheless, any data set contained those information should not be considred as less meaningful within their own task. For the purpose of effective utilization task of extracted lineaments, the mathematical scheme, based on fuzzy set theory, for practical integration of various types of rasterized data sets is studied. As a real application, the geological map named Homyeong sheet(1:50,000) and the Landset TM imageries covering same area were used, and then lineaments-related data sets such as lineaments on the geological map, lineaments extracted from a false-color image composite satellite, and major drainage pattern were utilized. For data fusion process, fuzzy membership functions of pixel values in each data set were experimentally assigned by percentile, and then fuzzy algebraic sum operator was tested. As a result, integrated lineaments by this well-known operator are regarded as newly-generated reasonable ones. Conclusively, it was thought that the implementation within available GISs, or the stand-alone module for general applications of this simple scheme can be utilized as an effective scheme can be utilized as an effective scheme for further studies for spatial integration task for providing decision-supporting information, or as a kind of spatial reasoning scheme.