• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.483-492
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical effect of the Langer & Langer technique, the modified Langer & Langer technique and Bruno technique. Material and Methods: 30 patients who have gingiva recession(Miller class I or class II) were carried root coverage. Langer & Langer technique(14 patients/32 tooth), modified Langer & Langer technique(5 patients/10 tooth) and Bruno technique(11 patients/18 tooth) was carried. At baseline and average 3 months after operation, it was estimated clinical index(Pocket depth, gingiva recession, clinical attachment level, keratinized gingiva, scar tissue, root coverage rate) by Williams style probe. Result: Root coverage rate is indicated Langer & Langer technique(8S%), Modified Langer & Langer technique(86%) and Bruno technique(90%). Conclusion: All three of the procedures were effective in gingival recession and improved clinical parameters.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.164-175
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• 2003

This paper investigates bootstrap confidence intervals of the process capability index(PCI) based on the expected loss derived from the empirical distribution function(EDF). The PCI based on the expected loss is too complex to derive its confidence interval analytically, so the bootstrap method is a good alternative. We propose three types of the bootstrap confidence interval; the standard bootstrap(SB), the percentile bootstrap(PB), and the acceleration biased­corrected percentile bootstrap(ABC). We also perform a comprehensive simulation study under various process distributions, in order to compare the accuracy of the coverage probability of the bootstrap confidence intervals. In most cases, the coverage probabilities of the bootstrap confidence intervals from the EDF PCI turned out to be more accurate than those from the PCI based on the normal distribution. It is expected that the bootstrap confidence intervals from the EDF PCI can be utilized in real processes where the true distribution family may not be known.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8541-8551
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• 2016

Background: The coverage of breast and cervical cancer screening has only slightly increased in the past decade in Thailand, and these cancers remain leading causes of death among women. This study identified socioeconomic and contextual factors contributing to the variation in screening uptake and coverage. Materials and Methods: Secondary data from two nationally representative household surveys, the Health and Welfare Survey (HWS) 2007 and the Reproductive Health Survey (RHS) 2009 conducted by the National Statistical Office were used. The study samples comprised 26,951 women aged 30-59 in the 2009 RHS, and 14,619 women aged 35 years and older in the 2007 HWS were analyzed. Households of women were grouped into wealth quintiles, by asset index derived from Principal components analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Screening rates for cervical and breast cancers increased between 2007 and 2009. Education and health insurance coverage including wealth were factors contributing to screening uptake. Lower or non-educated and poor women had lower uptake of screenings, as were young, unmarried, and non-Buddhist women. Coverage of the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme increased the propensity of having both screenings, while the universal coverage scheme increased the probability of cervical screening among the poor. Lack of awareness and knowledge contributed to non-use of both screenings. Women were put off from screening, especially Muslim women on cervical screening, because of embarrassment, fear of pain and other reasons. Conclusions: Although cervical screening is covered by the benefit package of three main public health insurance schemes, free of charge to all eligible women, the low coverage of cervical screening should be addressed by increasing awareness and strengthening the supply side. As mammography was not cost effective and not covered by any scheme, awareness and practice of breast self examination and effective clinical breast examination are recommended. Removal of cultural barriers is essential.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

This study aims at suggesting the attributes and limitations of each methods through the evaluation of the verified analysis results, so that it will be possible to select an efficient method that may be applied to assess the green coverage ratio. Green coverage areas of each sites subject to this study were assessed utilizing the following four methods. First, assessment of green coverage area through direct planimetry of satellite images. Second, assessment of green coverage area using land cover map. Third, assessment of green coverage area utilizing the band value in satellite images. Forth, assessment of green coverage area using and land cover map and reference materials. For this study, four urban zones of the City of Seosan in Chungcheongnam-do. As a result, this study show that the best calculation method is the one that combines the merits of first and second methods. This method is expected to be suitable for application in research sites of middle size and above. It is also deemed that it will be possible to apply this method in researches of wide area, such as setting up master plans for parks and green zones established by each local self-government organizations.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric variations in patients of head and neck cancer treated with definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy using optimized non-coplanar (ncVMAT) beams with coplanar (cVMAT) beams using volumetric arc therapy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients of head and neck cancer that had received radiotherapy using VMAT in our department were retrospectively analyzed. Each of the patients was planned using coplanar and non-coplanar orientations using an optimized couch angle and fluences. We analyzed the Conformity Index (C_IRTOG), Dose Homogeneity Index (DHI), Heterogeneity Index (HI_RTOG), low dose volume, target and organs-at-risk coverage in both the plans without changing planning optimization parameters. Results: The prescription dose ranged from 60 Gy to 70 Gy. Using ncVMAT, C_IRTOG, DHI and HI_RTOG, and tumor coverage (ID_95%) had improved, low dose spillage volume in the body V_5Gy was increased and V_10Gy was reduced. Integral dose and intensity-modulated radiation therapy factor had increased in ncVMAT. In the case of non-coplanar beam arrangements, maximum dose (D_max) of right and left humeral head were reduced significantly whereas apex of the right and left lung mean dose were increased. Conclusion: The use of ncVMAT produced better target coverage and sparing of the shoulder and soft tissue of the neck as well as the critical organ compared with the cVMAT in patients of head and neck malignancy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2016

Purpose: Total scalp irradiation (TSI) is a rare but challenging indication. We previously reported that non-coplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was superior to coplanar IMRT in organ-at-risk (OAR) protection and target dose distribution. This consecutive treatment planning study compared IMRT with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective treatment plan databank search was performed and 5 patient cases were randomly selected. Cranial imaging was restored from the initial planning computed tomography (CT) and target volumes and OAR were redelineated. For each patients, three treatment plans were calculated (coplanar/non-coplanar IMRT, VMAT; prescribed dose 50 Gy, single dose 2 Gy). Conformity, homogeneity and dose volume histograms were used for plan. Results: VMAT featured the lowest monitor units and the sharpest dose gradient (1.6 Gy/mm). Planning target volume (PTV) coverage and homogeneity was better in VMAT (coverage, 0.95; homogeneity index [HI], 0.118) compared to IMRT (coverage, 0.94; HI, 0.119) but coplanar IMRT produced the most conformal plans (conformity index [CI], 0.43). Minimum PTV dose range was 66.8%-88.4% in coplanar, 77.5%-88.2% in non-coplanar IMRT and 82.8%-90.3% in VMAT. Mean dose to the brain, brain stem, optic system (maximum dose) and lenses were 18.6, 13.2, 9.1, and 5.2 Gy for VMAT, 21.9, 13.4, 14.5, and 6.3 Gy for non-coplanar and 22.8, 16.5, 11.5, and 5.9 Gy for coplanar IMRT. Maximum optic chiasm dose was 7.7, 8.4, and 11.1 Gy (non-coplanar IMRT, VMAT, and coplanar IMRT). Conclusion: Target coverage, homogeneity and OAR protection, was slightly superior in VMAT plans which also produced the sharpest dose gradient towards healthy tissue.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5299-5303
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• 2014

Background: To explore etiology for providing scientific clues for the prevention of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Data for lung cancer incidence and meteorological geographic factors from 25 counties in Zhejiang province of China during 2011 were studied. Stepwise multiple regression and correlation analysis were performed to analyze the geographic distribution and epidemiology of lung cancer. Results: 8,291 new cases (5,998 in males and 2,293 females) of lung cancer during 2011 in Zhejiang province were reported in the 25 studied counties. Reported and standardized incidence rates for lung cancer were 58.0 and 47.0 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of lung cancer increased with age. Geographic distribution analysis shows that the standardized incidence rates of lung cancer in northeastern Zhejiang province were higher than in the southwestern part, such as in Nanhu, Fuyang, Wuxing and Yuyao counties, where the rates were more than 50 per 100,000 population. In the southwestern Zhejiang province, for instance, in Yueqing, Xianju and Jiande counties, the standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were lower than 37 per 100,000 population. Spearman correlation tests showed that forest coverage rate, air quality index (AQI), and annual precipitation level are associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Conclusions: Lung cancer in Zhejiang province shows obvious regional differences. High incidence appears associated with low forest coverage rate, poor air quality and low annual precipitation. Therefore, increasing the forest coverage rate and controlling air pollution may play an important role in lung cancer prevention.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2015

This study defined and classified no-net-loss-of-greenness (NNLG) based on the law, and then assessed the NNLG index by metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea after estimating NNLG evaluation indicators for the introduction of NNLG for health improvement of urban ecosystems. The results are as follows. First, NNLG was the comprehensive meaning that was included in the greenbelt and park greenbelt and the green area which was defined by the Act on Urban Parks, Greenbelts, etc. and the National Land Planning and Utilization Act respectively. Second, NNLG was classified as a park greenbelt which was included urban parks and greenbelts such as buffer greenbelts, scenic greenbelts, and connecting greenbelts, green areas which was included in green conservation areas, green production areas, green natural areas, and green coverage which is included forests, grasslands, and wetlands that were occupied by vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and plants. Third, NNLG index by cities and provinces was assessed based on the estimation of NNLG evaluation indicators, which included parks and greenbelt areas per capita, green areas per capita, green coverage per capita, ratio of parks and greenbelts, ratio of green areas, and ratio of green coverage. As a result, Sejong city got the highest point of NNLG index and Seoul and Daegu got lowest points of NNLG index among metropolitan cities in Korea. Chungbuk got the highest point of NNLG index and Kyonggi and Jeju got lowest points of NNLG index among provinces in Korea.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 2001

We analyze the relation of dose volume histogram, conformity index and homogeneity index based on RTOG9005 for treatment planning result between framed based stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) system and frameless SRS/T system to verify the difference of two systems in the intracranial target. There is same treatment planning result by two treatment planning systems.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.80-83
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• 2008

Diverse researches using vegetation index have been carried out to monitor spring droughts that have frequently occurred since 2000. The strength of the drought monitoring using vegetation index lies in that it can reflect characteristics of satellite images: large area coverage, cyclicity, and promptness. However, vegetation index involve uncertainly caused by diverse factors that affect vegetation stress. In this study, multi-temporal vegetation index is compared with the most representative meteorological drought indices like PSDI, SPI. Based on the results from analyses, usability of vegetation index as a tool of drought analysis is proposed.