• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.362-371
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• 2023

Background: PM_2.5 pollution has been a persistent problem in South Korea, with concentrations consistently exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The aging of the population in the country further exacerbates the health impacts of PM_2.5 since older adults are more susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the health impact (premature death) due to long-term exposure to PM_2.5 in South Korea could change in the future according to the trend of change in the country's population structure. Methods: The study employs a relative risk function, which accounts for age-specific relative risks, to assess the changes in premature deaths by age and region at the average annual PM_2.5 concentration for 2022 and at PM_2.5 concentration improvement levels. Premature deaths were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). Results: The findings indicate that the increase in premature deaths resulting from the projected population structure changes up to 2050 would significantly outweigh the health benefits (reduction in premature deaths) compared to 2012. This is primarily attributed to the rising number of premature deaths among the elderly due to population aging. Furthermore, the study suggests that the effectiveness of the current domestic PM_2.5 standard would be halved by 2050 due to the increasing impact of population aging on PM_2.5-related mortality. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of considering trends in population structure when evaluating the health benefits of air pollution reduction measures. By comparing and evaluating the health benefits in reflection of changes in population structure to the predicted PM_2.5 concentration improvements at the provincial level, a more comprehensive assessment of regional air quality management strategies can be achieved.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

글로벌 시대에 들어서면서 수입식품 안전관리에 대한 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 해외 식품업체 주소정보는 수입식품 안전관리를 위한 핵심 정보로써 식품위해 발생시 신속한 대처와 사후관리를 위해 반드시 검증되어야 한다. 그러나 각국의 주소체계가 다른 관계로 하나의 검증시스템이 모든 국가의 주소를 검증할 수는 없다. 또한, 주소검증은 사용하는 분야에 따라 검정목적이 상이할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 주어진 해외 식품업체 주소로부터 해당 국가의 행정구역 레벨로 분류하는 문제를 다룬다. 수입식품 안전관리를 정확하고 효율적으로 하기 위하여 수입식품제조업체 주소를 해당 국가의 행정구역 수준으로 정확하게 매칭하는 것이 필요하다. 수입식품이 생산·제조되는 위치와 식품제조에 영향을 줄 수 있는 환경정보, 재난재해 정보를 결합함으로써 선제적 수입식품 안전관리가 가능하다. 그러나, 일부 국가에서는 주소를 표기할 때 행정구역 레벨명을 생략하여 작성하고 있으며, 동일한 지명이 여러 행정구역 레벨에서 중복되는 경우가 있어 주소로부터 행정구역 레벨을 정확히 분류하는 일은 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 경우에 적합한 딥러닝 기반 행정구역 레벨 분류 모델을 제안하고, 실제 해외 식품회사 주소 데이터에 대하여 검증한다. 구체적으로 다중 레이블 분류 모델에서 멱집합(Label Powerset)을 이용해 훈련하는 방식을 사용한다. 제안된 기법의 검증을 위해 식약처에 등록된 에콰도르 및 베트남에 있는 해외 제조업소 주소에 대하여 정확도를 검증하였으며, 기존의 분류 모델보다 정확도가 각각 28.1% 및 13% 정도 향상되었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.314-314
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• 2023

Extreme climate events can have a large impact on human life by hampering social, environmental, and economic development. Global circulation models (GCMs) are the widely used numerical models to understand the anticipated future climate change. However, different GCMs can project different future climates due to structural differences, varying initial boundary conditions and assumptions about the physical phenomena. The multi-model ensemble (MME) approach can improve the uncertainties associated with the different GCM outcomes. In this study, a comprehensive rating metric was used to select the best-performing GCMs out of 11 CMIP5 and 13 CMIP6 GCMs, according to their skills in terms of four temporal and five spatial performance indices, in replicating the 21 extreme climate indices during the baseline (1975-2017) in South Korea. The MME data were derived by averaging the simulations from all selected GCMs and three top-ranked GCMs. The random forest (RF) algorithm was also used to derive the MME data from the three top-ranked GCMs. The RF-derived MME data of the three top-ranked GCMs showed the highest performance in simulating the baseline extreme climate which was subsequently used to project the future extreme climate indices under both the representative concentration pathway (RCP) and the socioeconomic concentration pathway scenarios (SSP). The extreme cold and warming indices had declining and increasing trends, respectively, and most extreme precipitation indices had increasing trends over the period 2031-2100. Compared to all scenarios, RCP8.5 showed drastic changes in future extreme climate indices. The coasts in the east, south and west had stronger warming than the rest of the country, while mountain areas in the north experienced more extreme cold. While extreme cold climatology gradually declined from north to south, extreme warming climatology continuously grew from coastal to inland and northern mountainous regions. The results showed that the socially, environmentally and agriculturally important regions of South Korea were at increased risk of facing the detrimental impacts of extreme climatology.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-52
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• 2023

This study observes the difference in the actual regional ripple effect of the decrease in admission resources due to the decrease in school age population, which has been weak in empirical studies, and how much the decrease in competition rate by department nationwide provides a significant shock to the decrease in enrollment rate in the population unit. An empirical quantitative analysis was attempted. As a result of applying the panel-tobit regression model, a clear gap was confirmed in the decrease in the registration rate due to the decrease in the competition rate both nationally and in the provinces, and in particular, a highly significant relationship was derived with the decrease in the recruitment rate. In particular, the sensitivity of the risk of unrecruitment due to a decrease in competition rate was the highest in the Jeolla region (0.499), followed by the Gangwon region (0.475) and the Gyeongsang region (0.471), and the metropolitan region (0.158) was confirmed to be the most stable. This suggests that the gap in insufficient funding has gradually widened by region over the past 10 years, and that the shock wave becomes more pronounced in the provinces farther away from the metropolitan area. Based on this study, if we deviate from the standardized application of university development policies for the metropolitan area and regional universities, and present a customized higher education strategy for each region, it will be an opportunity to prevent local extinction due to a decrease in the school-age population and achieve coexistence with higher education institutions and regions at the same time.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2011

온실가스의 감축 규제가 세계 경제에 미치는 영향은 매우 클 것으로 예상되며, 산업 전반에 걸쳐 적절한 대응방안 도입이 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구는 온실가스 감축 규제에 대응하기 위해서 취해질 수 있는 온실가스 저감 기술, 설비 개발, 에너지 절약 및 효율화 활동, 탄소배출권 구입을 통한 탄소 상쇄 등 여러 경제적 행위 중에서 탄소배출권 투자에 초점을 맞추어 연구하였다. 특히, 탄소배출권 투자 시 고려해야 할 위험 요인 중에서 UN 등록 거절 위험과 탄소배출권 가격변동성 위험을 최소화하기 위한 위험관리 모형을 설계하고 검증하였다. 이를 통해 탄소 상쇄가 필요한 다양한 분야의 이해관계자가 최적화된 탄소배출권과 관련한 전략을 수립할 수 있도록 제안하는 것을 목표로 한다. 기후변화에 따른 새로운 메커니즘에 국내 금융회사들이 신속히 대응할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 한 본 연구는 현재 청정개발체제(CDM)에서 발급되는 탄소배출권(CER)에 국한되지 않고 공동이행체제(JI) 프로젝트에서 발급되는 탄소배출권(ERU), 배출권거래제(ET)에서 인정되는 탄소배출권(AAU) 뿐만 아니라 향후 새롭게 인정될 탄소배출권에도 유사하게 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.61-118
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내외 프랜차이즈의 해외진출에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 국제프랜차이징연구의 전체적인 연구체계를 세워보고, 연구체계를 형성하고 있는 연구요인들을 확인하여 각 연구요소별로 이루어지는 연구주제와 내용을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 연구주제들을 제안하고자 한다. 주요한 연구요소들은 국제프랜차이징의 동기 및 환경 요소과 진출의사결정, 국제프랜차이징의 진입양식 및 발전전략, 국제프랜차이징의 운영전략 및 국제프랜차이징의 성과이다. 이외에도 국제프랜차이징 연구에 적용할 수 있는 대리인이론, 자원기반이론, 거래비용이론, 조직학습이론 및 해외진출이론들을 설명하였다. 또한 국제프랜차이징연구에서 보다 중점적으로 개발해야 할 질적, 양적 방법론을 소개하였으며, 마지막으로 국내연구의 동향을 정리하여 추후의 연구방향을 종합적으로 정리하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.391-402
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• 2022

최근 해외사업은 민간자본을 유입하여 SOC 사업을 발주하는 형태의 사업들이 증가추세이기 때문에, 해외건설 글로벌 기업들은 해외수주전략을 이에 맞게 수립하여 진출할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 개발도상국가의 PPP 역량 평가모델을 개발하여 국내 해외건설기업들이 해외진출 전략을 수립하는데 활용하고자 한다. PPP 역량평가모델은 선행연구 고찰과 해외건설전문가 면담조사를 통하여 PPP 역량평가 항목과 인프라 환경 역량평가 항목과 중요도를 분석하였다. 상기 분석결과와 전문가 조사를 통하여 해외건설기업의 PPP시장 진출시 문제점과 개선방안을 제안하였다. 특히 우리나라의 해외건설기업들이 PPP사업 진출 가능성이 높은 국가는 PPP 제도 수준이 성숙하고, 건설리스크가 낮고, 인프라 시장규모와 성장률이 높은 진출환경이 양호한 국가가 선정되었다. 또한 해외건설PPP 시장진출시 문제점으로는 PPP 투자 경험부족, PPP역량 및 인프라 환경 정보부족, PPP 전문가 부족이 도출되었고, 개선방안으로 단독진출보다는 국내외 업체와 협력하여 진출하고, PPP 사업진출 국가 환경에 맞는 사업에 맞게 진출하는 것을 제안하였다. 또한 PPP 금융 및 계약전문가의 확보를 위한 교육과정 개발과 각 국가별 PPP 정보 제공하는 방안을 제안하였다. 이러한 결과는 해외건설기업이 해외건설 시장진출 전략을 제안하여 해외진출 전략과 정책수립에 활용하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2016

Uganda is a country blessed with the biggest number of mountain Gorillas in the whole world. These animals contribute at least 12% in revenue generation to the Tourism sector through tracking by both local and foreign tourists who pay for the tracking permits. However, Gorilla tracking is also a big challenge even in the presence of highly skilled and well-trained game rangers. Development and implementation of a secure Computer and Mobile based Gorilla Tracking (GT) system that uses GIS and GPS technologies would be the most ideal technology to use. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the critical factors that would affect the Behavioral Intention of the would-be users to successfully decide to use such GIS/GPS-GT system. We used the existing UTAUT model to integrate six factors such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Employee Peer Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Behavioral Intention and System Use. However, Infrastructure Availability and Non-Technical Facilitating Conditions were added to reflect Ugandan ICT context. This amended UTAUT model was used to carry out the survey. The questionnaire was emailed to 220 government employees in the fields of ICT, Tour and Travel, Environmental Groups officials and Farmers who garden near the game reserves. A total of 133 were obtained fully completed, whereas 127 were deemed usable thus yielding a response rate of 58%. The analysis results show that except for non-technical facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, peer influence, performance expectancy and infrastructure availability positively affects behavioral Intention to use GIS/GPS-GT. This indicates that people in Uganda don't bother about regulations and rules in regard to using information system. As long as the system does what they want it to, anything else does not matter. As an employee in an organization is told to use a system by their supervisor, they have no objection to otherwise they risk losing their job. This implies that, supervisors have a great responsibility in the process of developing, implementing and using the system in Uganda.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.48.1-48.13
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• 2023

Background: Senecavirus A (SVA), a member of the family Picornaviridae, is newly discovered, which causes vesicular lesions, lameness in swine, and even death in neonatal piglets. SVA has rapidly spread worldwide in recent years, especially in Asia. Objectives: We conducted a global meta-analysis and systematic review to determine the status of SVA infection in pigs. Methods: Through PubMed, VIP Chinese Journals Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data search data from 2014 to July 26, 2020, a total of 34 articles were included in this analysis based on our inclusion criteria. We estimated the pooled prevalence of SVA in pigs by the random effects model. A risk of bias assessment of the studies and subgroup analysis to explain heterogeneity was undertaken. Results: We estimated the SVA prevalence to be 15.90% (1,564/9,839; 95% confidence interval [CI], 44.75-65.89) globally. The prevalence decreased to 11.06% (945/8,542; 95% CI, 28.25-50.64) after 2016. The highest SVA prevalence with the VP1-based RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assay was 58.52% (594/1,015; 95% CI, 59.90-83.96) and 85.54% (71/83; 95% CI, 76.68-100.00), respectively. Besides, the SVA prevalence in piglet herds was the highest at 71.69% (119/166; 95% CI, 68.61-98.43) (p < 0.05). Moreover, our analysis confirmed that the subgroups, including country, sampling year, sampling position, detected gene, detection method, season, age, and climate, could be the heterogeneous factors associated with SVA prevalence. Conclusions: The results indicated that SVA widely exists in various countries currently. Therefore, more prevention and control policies should be proposed to enhance the management of pig farms and improve breeding conditions and the environment to reduce the spread of SVA.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2023

Objectives: The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia, during which the Delta variant predominated, took place after a vaccination program had been initiated in the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes including hospitalization, severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death using a real-world model. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study involved patients with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years who presented to the COVID-19 emergency room at a secondary referral teaching hospital between June 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes, with age, sex, and comorbidities as confounding variables. Results: A total of 716 patients were included, 32.1% of whom were vaccinated. The elderly participants (≥65 years) had the lowest vaccine coverage among age groups. Vaccination had an effectiveness of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 66) for preventing hospitalization, 97% (95% CI, 77 to 99) for preventing severe COVID-19, 95% (95% CI, 56 to 99) for preventing ICU admission, and 90% (95% CI, 22 to 99) for preventing death. Interestingly, patients with type 2 diabetes had a 2-fold to 4-fold elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: Among adults, COVID-19 vaccination has a moderate preventive impact on hospitalization but a high preventive impact on severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and death. The authors suggest that relevant parties increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially in the elderly population.