• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2019

사물인터넷이 발전으로 초소형 통신장치를 설치한 의류, 스포츠 장비, 웨어러블 디바이스 등을 활용한 다양한 장거리를 요하는 서비스의 개발로 인하여 기존에 IoT를 위하여 대표적으로 활용되던 Wi-Fi 와 Zigbee와 같은 근거리 네트워크에서의 거리의 한계가 느껴지면서 장거리 통신 기술인 LPWAN에 대한 연구가 진행이 되었다. 본 논문에서는 LPWAN 기술중 비 대역망 기술인 LoRa 기술의 세부부분들에 대하여 소개하고, 국내와 국외에서 활용되고 있는 다양한 활용사례를 조사 및 분석하여 LoRa를 사용하는 실내 및 근거리 게이트웨이를 통한 통신방식에서 장거리 통신방식으로 연구가 진행이 되고 있는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 기술사
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1992

This study was carried to find out the soil characteristics of landslide site and to develope landslide prediction method by seismic refraction prospecting. For these aims, landslide condition and travel time were investigated at 68 Landslide sites over the country during 1990 to 1991. The results were as follows. 1. The surface of rupture was included mainly in C layer. Its Hardness was less than 3kg / $\textrm{cm}^2$ at the upper pare of landslide. 2. When the profile line length was 20m, the range of travel time was 40 to 90 msec. The travel time did not differ between bedrocks. 3. Refraction distance ranged from 1 to 7m and mean of that was 2.5m. Travel time was increased according to receiving distance without large variance in the refraction distance but that was appeared large variance out of the refraction distance on slope that has shallow soil depth and discontinuous ground surface. Therefore, the spread distance must be shorten to 10-l5m. 4. The seismic velocity at the first layer(layer of rupture) was less than 500m1sec by degree of weathering and the velocity at the second layer decreased in order of Granite> Granitic gneiss >Sedimentary rock. 5. The first layer observed by seismic refraction was contained C layer that has parent material and weathered rocks of hardness 10-20kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. 6. Among the range of seismic velocity was less than 200m/sec in 63% of the total plots, 200-300m/sec in 34% and 300-500m /sec in 3%. 7. There was a proportional relationship between seismic prospecting soil depth and executive soil depth, and seismic propection soil depth was about 10 to 20cm deeper than the order.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2023

본 연구는 제도적 거리와 해외직접투자의 관계를 규명하기 위한 것으로 중국의 해외투자를 대상으로 수행한다. 중국과 투자 유치국 간의 제도적 거리는 세계은행에서 발표한 제도적 품질을 이용한다. 2008년부터 2019년까지 중국이 투자한 50개국의 패널 데이터를 수집하여 패널 GLS 방법론을 통해 해외직접투자에 영향을 미치는 요인을 제도적 관점에서 다음의 3가지를 검증한다. 첫째, 중국의 해외직접투자 전체 국가들을 대상으로 제도적 거리의 절대값이 중국의 OFDI에 미치는 영향이다. 두 번째는 중국과의 제도적 거리가 양(+)인 국가와 음(-)인 국가의 두 그룹으로 나눈 후 각 그룹에서의 제도적 거리와 OFDI의 관계이다. 마지막으로 제도적 거리와 중국의 OFDI 사이의 비선형 관계이다. 이를 위해 제도적 거리의 제곱항을 분석 모형에 추가한다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 제도적 거리는 중국의 OFDI와 정(+)의 관계가 확인된다. 중국보다 상대적으로 제도 품질이 높은 진출국 그룹에서는 제도적 거리와 OFDI는 역 U자형 관계가 나타나지만, 낮은 진출국 그룹에서는 정(+)의 관계가 나타난다. 또한, 중국의 OFDI는 제도적 요인과 경제적 요인의 복합적인 영향을 받는 것으로 확인된다. 본 연구의 결과는 FDI 유치국뿐만 아니라 다국적 기업의 FDI 진출국 선택에 있어서 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.946-951
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• 2003

The Genetic diversity and relationship of native Siri (Bos indicus) cattle populations of Bhutan were evaluated using 20 microsatellite markers. A total of 120 Siri cattle were sampled and were grouped into four populations according to their geographical locations which were named Siri West, Siri South, Siri Central and Siri East cattle. For each, 30 individuals were sampled. In addition, 30 samples each of Indian Jaba (B. indicus), Tibetan Goleng (B. taurus), Nepal Hill cattle (B. indicus), Holstein Friesian (B.taurus) and Mithun (B. frontalis) were typed. The mean number of alleles per loci (MNA) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) were high in the Siri populations ($MNA=7.2{\pm}0.3$ to $8.9{\pm}0.5$ and $Ho=0.67{\pm}0.04$ to $0.73{\pm}0.03$). The smallest coefficient of genetic differentiation and genetic distance ($F_{ST}=0.015$ and $D_A=0.073$) were obtained between Siri West and Siri Central populations. Siri East population is genetically distinct from the other Siri populations being close to the Indian Jaba ($F_{ST}=0.024$ and $D_A=0.084$). A high bootstrap value of 96% supported the close relationship of Siri South, Siri Central and Siri West, while the relationship between Siri East and Jaba was also supported by a high bootstrap value (82%). Data from principal component analysis and individual assignment test were in concordance with the inference from genetic distance and differentiation. In conclusion we identified two separate Siri cattle populations in Bhutan at the genetic level. One population included Siri cattle sampled from the West, Central and South of the country and the other Siri cattle was sampled from the East of the country. We suggest that Siri cattle conservation program in Bhutan should focus on the former population as it has received less genetic influence from other cattle breeds.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.677-693
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• 2013

IPCC showed that calculation of climate vulnerability index requires standardization process of various proxy variables for the estimation of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. In this study, four different methodologies of standardization methods: Z-score, Rescaling, Ranking, and Distance to the reference country, are employed to evaluate climate vulnerability-VRI (Vulnerability-Resilience Indicator) over Korean peninsula, and the error ranges of VRI, arising from employing the different standardization are estimated. All of proxy variables are provided by CCGIS (Climate Change adaptation toolkit based on GIS) which hosts information on both past and current socio-economic data and climate and environmental IPCC SRES (A2, B1, A1B, A1T, A1FI, and A1 scenarios) climate data for the decades of 2000s, 2020s, 2050s, and 2100s. The results showed that Z-score and Rescaling methods showed statistically undistinguishable results with minor differences of spatial distribution, while Ranking and Distance to the reference country methods showed some possibility to lead the different ranking of VRI among South Korean provinces, depending on the local characteristics and reference province. The resultant VRIs calculated from different standardization methods showed Cronbach's alpha of more than 0.84, indicating that all of different methodologies were overall consistent. Similar horizontal distributions were shown with the same trends: VRI increases as province is close to the coastal region and/or it close toward lower latitude, and decreases as it is close to urbanization area. Other characteristics of the four different standardization are discussed in this study.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to improve the National Fire Mobilization Plan. This plan is a national-level comprehensive response system aimed to compensate for scarce firefighting resources and minimize damage from large-scale disasters that exceed the response limits of city and province firefighting forces. As such, relevant literature and domestic and foreign firefighting mobilization standards were reviewed, and simulations of firefighting mobilization were performed using the QGIS program to compare and analyze cases. Results showed that, as opposed to the current method of issuing mobilization orders by dividing resources according to city and province, recognizing the entire country as a single entity and prioritizing the mobilization of adjacent firefighting resources is more effective in terms of minimizing time and distance and more quickly securing resources. Regarding national firefighting mobilization, recognizing the country's firefighting resources as a whole will allow adjacent firefighting resources to be mobilized with priority. However, the mobilization-related limits of each region need to be set to respond to local disasters. Once the scale of mobilization is determined, a system that can quickly calculate how to mobilize firefighting resources based on location and distance can be established. Additionally, it is necessary to create an integrated management system so the central government can directly organize and mobilize local firefighting resources.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to improve EMS-System in Korea through the research in EMS-System of advanced country. The response time is defined as the interval from the time of call receipt to the time of scene arrival. The important factor was to shorten moving distance of ambulance. It should be considered to accomplish this factor that the vehicle must be increased and the convenient location chosen for optimizing of service area. The transport of emergency patients carried out almost by 119 Emergency Medical Service but out of all the employees at 119 EMS only 11.3% have own qualified EMT degree. They should be employed more and more specially at 119 EMS for a superior level of emergency medical care for civilian. In America, EMT can take care of emergency patients following the order from medical Director at the scene of accident. But in Germany, prehospital care was emphasized from the beginning and, in those days, a medical doctor was sent for treatment of emergency patients at the scene, the so-called a Rendezvous system. Hierby this study makes the suggestion to improve the EMS-System, it is effective to use the medical Director system in America and furthermore a Rendezvous system in Germany. The functional integratin and unification of the report system as well as enough personal and equipmental elements saved together invaluable lives.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-73
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• 2011

With the market evaluation of economic globalization exchanges between different cultures, cultural trade has been developing at an accelerated speed, and also playing an important role in East Asian intra-regional trade. In this research the author used gravity trade model to explain the causal relationship between dependent variable trade flows and several independent variables applying with five categories cultural goods which classified in HS codes. Firstly for cultural heritage trade flow, the results indicated that economic masses of bilateral countries have no significant influences on it; GDP per capita of host country and adjacency factor with partner country have significant negative influences on it; Internet coverage ratio has improved cultural heritages exchanges in East Asian regions. Secondly for printed matter cultural goods trade flow, the distance factor has significant negative influence but common language has significant positive influence on it. Thirdly for recorded media cultural goods, only economic masses and GDP per capita of bilateral countries can improved their trade flows. Fourthly for visual arts cultural products trade flows, almost all variables we tested have significant influences on it. Fifthly for cinema photography cultural goods trade flow, the influenced factor are same with cultural heritage products except they have strong positive interaction relationship with economic masses and common language. At last, the paper figured out some important and potential sectors for cultural goods trade in East Asia and gave some suggestions to government and cultural goods product enterprises.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Purpose - This study purposes to analyze the impact of regional economic integration and macroeconomic on Indonesian FDI inflows. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from bilateral relation between Indonesia and 21 home countries whose dominant share FDI to Indonesia from 2005 to 2013. Analysis method was conducted by panel gravity modeI to find the impact of regional economic integration and macroeconomic on Indonesian FDI inflows. Results - The empirical results show that GDP of the home country and Indonesia have a positive impact on Indonesia FDI. Distance and home country real interest rate have a negative impact on Indonesia FDI. Economic integration of European Union (EU) and Indonesia's cooperation with Japan in ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) have created impact of investment creation on Indonesia FDI, unfortunately, economic integration of ASEAN has created impact of investment diversion on Indonesian FDI. Conclusions - In order to increase FDI inflow to Indonesia, Indonesia government should improve the physical and social infrastructures to drive the productivity and economic efficiency. It will increase the GDP and also attract more investors. Low interest rate policy should be considered.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2022

In this study, a direction for deregulation that can increase the use of drones in the field of spatial information is presented. Regulations and administrative procedures for drone operation showed similar procedures in Japan, the United States, and Korea, such as reporting flight equipment, driver's license, and prohibition of flying within a specific flight zone. In the United States, policies to encourage the use of commercial drones have been implemented, and Japan has slightly tightened regulations on drone operation to protect the Olympics and important national facilities. As a result of the study, in the area where drone operation is restricted for geospatial data construction, Korea was setting the largest area, and GIS analysis showed that Korea's drone flight restricted area was more than 19.4% of the country's land area. In order to increase the utilization of drones in the construction and utilization of spatial information in the future, it is necessary to reset the drone flight restriction zone and reduce the area of the drone flight restriction zone. In addition, it was found that Korea is the only country that has formal and specific regulations on geospatial information security management. In order to increase the construction of geospatial information using drones, it is necessary to ease GSD (Ground Sample Distance)regulations.