• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.840-858
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• 2023

This study was designed to compare the quality changes in mackerel fillets stored under different conditions by using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques. Fillets packaged in vacuum were stored for six days under five different conditions: refrigerated at 4℃ (R group); iced at 5±3℃ (I group); kept at an ambient of 17±2℃ (A group); frozen at -18℃ for 24 h and thawed in a refrigerator at 4℃ for 5 h on the sampling day (FTR group); FTR thawed in tap water instead of thawing in a refrigerator (FTW group). The FTR group had the lowest total bacterial count, drip loss, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, volatile basic nitrogen, and texture profile analysis values among groups during the entire storage period (p<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the FTR group had less damage, while the other groups had shrunken muscle tissues. HIS integrated with the partial least squares model yielded reliable and efficient results, with high R²_cv values, for several quality parameters of the mackerel fillets. Overall, the FTR group, involving freezing and thawing in a refrigerator, appears to be the most favorable option for maintaining the quality of mackerel fillets, which could be practically implemented in the industry. HSI is a suitable and effective technique for determining the quality of mackerel fillets stored under different conditions.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.797-809
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• 2023

Objective: Many scientists have investigated solutions to reduce microbiological risks in dry-aged meat after the dry-aging technology was revived for high quality and value-added premium meat product in the market. This study aimed to investigate the effect of scoria powder in onggi (Korean earthenware) on the meat quality of pork loins during 21 days of dry aging and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Methods: The pork loins were randomly divided into three groups: aged in vacuum-packaging, onggi containing red clay only (OR), and onggi containing 30% red clay and 70% scoria powder (OS). Microbial analyses (total plate count and Lactobacillus spp.) and physicochemical analyses (pH, shear force, volatile basic nitrogen [VBN], water activity, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, water content, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and color analysis) of aged meat were conducted. Far-infrared ray emission, quantification of immobilized L. sakei and microstructure of onggi were investigated to understand the mechanism. Results: On day 21, the meat aged in OS exhibited lower pH, shear force, VBN, and water activity than those aged in OR, along with an increase in the number of Lactobacillus spp. OS had a smaller pore diameter than OR, implying lower gas permeability, which could promote the growth of L. sakei. Conclusion: OS improved the microbiological safety and storage stability of pork loin during dry aging by increasing number of Lactobacillus spp. possibly due to low permeability of OS.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2024

Objective: Beef of Jeju black cattle (JBC) is considered as a healthy meat type due to its significantly higher unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Lipid (e.g., UFA) is highly susceptible to oxidizing agents, which results in the quality deterioration and economic value loss of meat products. Therefore, development and application of novel preservative techniques is necessary to improve the shelf-life stability of high-UFA beef. The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of chitosan-based coatings in preservation of JBC beef. Methods: Different coating solutions: 2% chitosan alone, and 2% chitosan containing 0.1% or 0.3% gallic acid were prepared to investigate their applicability in preservation of fresh beef during storage. Jeju black cattle beef (2-cm thick steaks) were non-coated (control) or coated with the above coating solutions, placed on trays, over-wrapped with plastic film and stored at 4℃. The microbiological indices, color, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and lipid oxidation of the beef were investigated after 1, 10, and 21 days of storage. Results: Coating with 2% chitosan alone reduced the spoilage bacteria count, TVBN and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in the beef compared with control during storage (p<0.05). Noticeably, coating with 2% chitosan containing 0.1% or 0.3% gallic acid was more effective on retardation of spoilage bacteria growth, lipid oxidation and discoloration in the beef compared to the chitosan coating alone over the storage period (21 days) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, the combined chitosan and gallic acid coating could be used as a bio-preservative technique in the meat industry.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.829-837
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) measured while restaging with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict the 3-year post-recurrence survival (PRS) in patients with recurrent gastric cancer after curative surgical resection. Materials and Methods: In total, 47 patients with recurrent gastric cancer after curative resection who underwent restaging with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were included. For the semiquantitative analysis, SUV_max was measured over the visually discernable ¹⁸F-FDG-avid recurrent lesions. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to predict the 3-year PRS. Differences in 3-year PRS were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Thirty-nine of the 47 patients (83%) expired within 3 years after recurrence in the median follow-up period of 30.3 months. In the multivariate analysis, SUV_max (p = 0.012), weight loss (p = 0.025), and neutrophil count (p = 0.006) were significant prognostic factors for 3-year PRS. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated significantly poor 3-year PRS in patients with SUV_max > 5.1 than in those with SUV_max ≤ 5.1 (3-year PRS rate, 3.5% vs. 38.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High SUV_max on restaging with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a poor prognostic factor for 3-year PRS. It may strengthen the role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in further stratifying the prognosis of recurrent gastric cancer.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.189-203
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• 2024

This study investigated the antioxidant activity of radish seed oil (RSO) and its effects on the quality and storage characteristics of pork patties. To assess the antioxidant capacity of RSO, this study analyzed fatty acid composition, peroxide value (PV), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Pork patties were manufactured with the addition of RSO-0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4%-and measured in terms of proximate composition, pH, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), color, texture profile analysis, and a sensory evaluation. Total microbial count (TMC), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and PV were measured at 1, 3, and 7 days of refrigerated storage. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of RSO was found to be 75.46%. In the cases of WHC and CL, there was no significant differences observed between RSO0.4%, RSO0.8%, and positive control (PC; p>0.05). Meanwhile, RSO2.4% showed significantly lower hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness than PC (p<0.05), and these values tended to decrease with the addition of increasing RSO. In terms of storage characteristics, with an increase in the amount of RSO added, TMC, VBN, TBARS, and PV all decreased; among the treatment groups, RSO2.4% showed the lowest values. In conclusion, RSO exhibits antioxidant activity, but when added in large amounts, it negatively affects the quality characteristics of patties while positively impacting their storage properties, thus necessitating a balanced consideration of both outcomes. Therefore, adding 1.6% RSO is considered to be the most appropriate level for formulations to be used in practice.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2001

목적: 최근 국내의 핵의학 계측기기 및 감마카메라의 정도관리 수행현황을 파악하고, 핵의학 계측기기와 감마 카메라의 정도관리를 수행하고자 하였다. 방 법: 최근 국내의 핵의학 계측기기 및 감마 카메라의 정도관리 수행현황은 총 53개 병원을 대상으로 설문조사방법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 이들의 정도관리 연구는 Capintec의 CRC-15 기종의 dose calibrator와 Tc-99m 35.52 MBq을 사용하여 2분 간격으로 정밀도를 측정하였다. Nucleus사의 기종의 Thyroid Uptake system은 Tc-99m 5.14 MBq을 이용하여 1분 간격으로 10초동안 정밀도를 측정하였다. 지름이 15 cm이고 높이가 각각 12 cm, 30 cm인 원통형 팬텀과 TC-99m을 이용하여 저에너지 고해상도 조준기가 부착된 CeraSPECT$^{TM}$의 예민도를 측정하였다. CeraSPECT$^{TM}$와 일반 평면카메라와의 예민도에 대한 특성비교를 위하여 Varicam (Elscint Ltd, Israel) 감마 카메라로 영상을 얻었다. CeraSPECT$^{TM}$로 획득한 자료로 각 슬라이스에 대한 보정상수를 계산하였다. Elscint 사의 Varicam 감마 카메라의 정도관리를 위해 저에너지 고해상도 조준기를 부착하고 140 keV 중심20% 에너지창, 256$\times$256 또는 512$\times$512 메트릭스 크기를 이용하여 시스템의 평면 예민도, 균일도, 계수율 및 공기중과 산란매질에서의 공간 분해능을 측정하였다. 결 과: 핵의학 계측기기 및 감마 카메라의 정도관리 수행율은 dose calibrator와 well counter의 경우 매우 저조한 수행율을 나타내었으며 그 외 감마 카메라 등은 대체로 양호한 수행율을 나타내었다. dose calibrator의 정밀도 측정은 $\pm$1.4%(<$\pm$5%)의 결과를 얻었고, thyroid uptake system의 정밀도 측정은 chi^2=29.7(>16.92)의 결과를 얻었다. Varicam 감마 카메라의 경우 슬라이스들간에 전반적으로 균일한 민감도를 보여주었으나 CeraSPECT$^{TM}$ 의 경우는 위쪽과 아래쪽 부분의 슬라이스들은 민감도가 두드러지게 떨어져 있었고 팬텀의 중심부분 슬라이스들은 민감도가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 계산한 보정 상수를 이용하여 CeraSPECT$^{TM}$로 얻은 환자 자료를 보정하였을 때 보정전에 비하여 전반적으로 균일한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 감마 카메라의 시스템 평면 예민도 측정 결과는 4.39 CPM/MBq 이었으며, 시스템 균일도는 첫 번째 검출기와 두번째 검출기가 각각 2.14%, 3.79%로 나타났다. 시스템 계수율 측정의 경우 입력 계수율 R_20%가 각각 102,407 counts/sec (head 1), 113,427 counts/sec (head 2)일 때 20% 계수율 손실이 발생했을 때의 측정된 계수율 C_20%는 각각 81,926 counts/sec (head 1), 90,741 counts/sec (head 2) 이었다. 공기 중에서의 시스템의 공간 분해능은 FWHM이 8.16 m, FWTM이 14.85 mm이었고, 산란매질에서는 시스템의 공간 분해능은 FWHM이 8.87 mm, FWTM이 18.87 mm이었다. 결 론: 정확하고 신뢰도 높은 검사를 위해 정도관리는 필수이며, 이에 대한 명확한 인식과 실질적인 수행이 반드시 뒤따라야 할 것으로 사료되었다

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.633-640
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• 2008

감귤 부산물 급여가 냉장 중 돼지고기의 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험에 이용한 돼지고기(195일령, $115{\pm}3Kg$, 여자)는 감귤부산물을 급여하지 않은 T0구, 육성기($73{\sim}153일령$)와 비육기($154{\sim}195일령$)에 각각 3%및 5%급여한 T1구, 그리고 각각 6%와 10% 급여한 T2구로 나누었다. 각각 5 마리의 등심부위를 진공포장하고(Cryovac, $60{\mu}m$, BB4L, Japan) $3^{\circ}C$에서 4주일간 냉장하면서 표면 색도, 저장성, 지방 산패도 및 항산화력에 대하여 실험하였다. 등심육의 pH, 보수력 및 드립 감량은 냉장기간에 관계없이 감귤 부산물 급여에 의해 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 등심육의 휘발성 염기 질소, 일반 세균수 및 TBA 값은 냉장기간에 관계없이 감귤 부산물 급여에 의하여 억제되고 전자공여능 값이 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과로 감귤 부산물을 급여한 돼지고기는 냉장 중 저장성이 우수하고 지방산패도와 항산화력에 좋은 효과가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-136
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• 2002

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate Acute and Subacute Toxicity, and Anti-cancer Effect of H Herbal-acupuncture on mice and rats. Methods : Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with H Herbal-acupuncture for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were experimented in the same way for subacute toxicity test. H Herbal-acupuncture was injected into abdomen of mice having S-180 cancer cell line. Result : 1. During the test, $LD_{50}$ could not be counted since there was no expired subjects. 2. In an acute toxicity test, the loss of motility and reflex action was observed, but weight increased in the treatment group, compared with those in the normal group (P<0.05). 3. In an acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, glucose increased in the treatment group II while total cholesterol was increased in the all treatment groups (P<0.05). 4. In a subacute toxicity test, a little loss of motility and reflex action was observed in the treatment group. Weight of mice in the treatment group decreased on the 28th day. 5. In a subacute toxicity test, liver weight was decreased but lung weight of mice increased in the all treatment groups (P<0.05). 6. As a result of measuring Complete Blood Count test (CBC) of rat, HCT was decreased in treatments even though it was not significant, compared with the normal group (P<0.05). 7. In a serum biochemical value test of subacute toxicity, total protein and albumin decreased in the all treatment groups. Creatinine, glucose, GOT increased in the treatment group I compared with the control group. Alkaline phos-phatase decreased in treatment II group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). 8. Median survival time that was measured in the rats treated with sarcoma-180 cancer cell Median decreased in the treatment group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). 9. Natural killer cell activity showed significant reduction at 100:1 and 10:1 E/T ratio while it increased at 50:1 E/T ratio. It is inferred that there was an error in the experiment (P<0.05). 10. In an interleukin-2 productivity test, even though it decreased in lung cancer, and increased in abdomen cancer, but it was only a small difference (P<0.005). 11. After injecting B16F10 cell into a capillary vessel of C57BL/6 mice and generating metastasized lung cancer, the lung was examined with the naked eye. It was not possible to see metastasized cancer in the all groups on the seventh day but the cancer was viewed on the fourteenth day. The number and volume of metastasized cancer in the treatment group enlarged in the treatment group, compared with the control group. Conclusion : According to the results, H herbal-acupuncture took no effects in cancer.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2011

쑥을 섭취하지 않은 한우육(T0구)과 쑥을 섭취한 한우육(T1구)을 $3{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 50일간 냉장하면서 쑥의 섭취 효과를 검토하였다. 냉장 중 T1구는 T0구에 비하여 표면색도의 $a^*$ 값 과 $b^*$ 값이 느리게 저하하였고, 냉장 40일부터 처리구간의 유의성(p<0.01)이 있었다. 냉장 중 T0구와 T1구의 전단력은 낮아지고(p<0.001) 드립과 가열 감량은 많아졌으며(p<0.05), 처리구간의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 냉장 중 T1구는 T0구에 비하여 휘발성염기질소 함량이 느리게 상승하고 냉장 50일에 유의성(p<0.01)이 있으며, 일반세균수와 지방산패도 값이 느리게 상승하고 냉장 30일부터 유의성(p<0.01)이 있었다. 그리고 항산화력은 T1구가 느리게 저하하고 냉장 40일부터 유의성(p<0.05)이 있었다. 냉장 중 T1구는 T0구에 비하여 가열육의 맛, 다즙성 및 연도는 유의적 차이가 없었으며, 향과 종합적 기호도는 냉장 30일부터 유의적(p<0.05)으로 우수하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.79-104
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• 1985

Clinical and cytomorphological studies were carried out in 32 leukotic cattle from Tokachi and Kushiro districts in Hokkaido during the 12 year period from 1969 to 1980. The leukotic cattle were examined :and divided into four types(15 cases of the adult, 11 cases of the thymic, 4 casas of the calf and 2 cases of the skin types). The results obtained were as follows : 1. As for the frequency of the main clinical signs in each type, In the adult type, the main clinical signs (of decreasing order) are as follows: swelling of the superficial lymph nodes>depression and loss of weight>tachycardia>anorekia, anemia of the visible mucous membrane and tachypnea. Those of the thymic type were swelling of the thymus>swelling of the medial iliac lymph nodes> swelling of the superficial lymph nodes>tachypnea. Those of the calf type were swelling of the auperficial lymph nodes>depression and emaciation>tachypnea>anorexia, tachycardia, anemia of the visible mucous membrane and recumbency. Those of the skin type were generalized urticaria-like lesions in skin and swelling of superficial lymph nodes>and depression and loss of weight in the decreasing order of frequency. In addition, large tumor mass in the pelvic cavity and swelling of the medial iliac lymph nodes were detected through rectal palpation in 33.3% and 100% in the adult type cases, respectively. 2. As for the hematological findings, The frequency of occurrence of decreased erythrocyte counts in the decreasing order were as follows : adult>calf>thymic>and skin types. The increase in the total leukocyte count in the order of decreasing frequency were as follows: calf>thymic>adult>and skin types. The increase in the absolute lymphocyte counts was found to be at a low rate, 62.5% of all the cases examined. By contrast, the increase of 5% or more of abnormal lymphocyte rates was observed at a high rate, 96.9% of the total cases. 3. Abnormal lymphocytes were found in all cases examined for lymph nodes biopsied. 4. From the cytomorphological point of view, leukotic cells were divided into 3 types: reticulum cell, lymphoid cell and monocytic cell types. The adult type leukotic cattle were divided with reticulum cell type (66.7%), the lymphoid cell type(22.6%) and monocytic cell type(6.7%). The thymic type was lymphoip cell type(72.7%) and reticulum cell type(27.3%). In the calf type, all were lymphoid cell type while all of the skin type were reticulum cell type only. 5. The leukotic cattle had higher NP frequency in the blood and lymphoid tissue than non-1 eukotic cattle. Especially the adult type had the highest NP frequency. However, it was not recognized that NP were characteristic of leukotic cattle alone. 6. The above findings lead to the conclusion that the most effective diagnostic methods for bovine leukosis are the confirmation of swelling of the superficial and internal lymph nodes and thymus in addition to appearance of abnormal neoplastic cell in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes biopsied.