• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2021

In this study, the effect of reducing and increasing factors in relationship conflict on the relationship exit between auto parts suppliers and buyers was analyzed based on transaction cost theory and relational exchange theory. As a result of the hypothesis test, Hypothesis 1, which states that relationship commitment will hurt relationship exit, and Hypothesis 3 that replacement will harm relationship exit were supported. In addition, Hypothesis 2 which states that transaction-specific investment will positively affect relationship exit was not supported. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are as follows. This study has identified the antecedents of relationship exit by comprehensively applying the transaction cost theory and relational exchange theory. In addition, this study can identify what a company should manage specifically to lower conflict and relationship exit by identifying the antecedents of relationship exit. The limitations of this study and the directions for future studies are as follows. First, not all of the antecedents of relationship exits between auto parts suppliers and buyers have been extensively investigated in the viewpoint of the transaction cost theory and relational exchange theory. In the future, it is necessary to identify additional factors. Second, the study was conducted only from the supplier's viewpoint. In future studies, it is expected that more accurate research results can be obtained by simultaneously examining the supplier's point of view and the buyer's point of view.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.151-170
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• 1976

There are many cases of production processes which intermittently produce several different kinds of products for stock through one set of physical facility. In this case, an important question is what size of production run should be prduced once we do set-up for a product in order to minimize the total cost, that is, the sum of the set-up, carrying, and stock-out costs. This problem is used to be called scheduling of multiple products through a single facility in the production management field. Despite the very common occurrence of this type of production process, no one has yet devised a method for determining the optimal production schedule. The purpose of this study is to develop quantitative analytical models which can be used practically and give us rational production schedules. The study is to show improved models with application to a can-manufacturing plant. In this thesis the economic production quantity (EPQ) model was used as a basic model to develop quantitative analytical models for this scheduling problem and two cases, one with stock-out cost, the other without stock-out cost, were taken into consideration. The first analytical model was developed for the scheduling of products through a single facility. In this model we calculate No, the optimal number of production runs per year, minimizing the total annual cost above all. Next we calculate No$_{i}$ is significantly different from No, some manipulation of the schedule can be made by trial and error in order to try to fit the product into the basic (No schedule either more or less frequently as dictated by) No$_{i}$, But this trial and error schedule is thought of inefficient. The second analytical model was developed by reinterpretation by reinterpretation of the calculating process of the economic production quantity model. In this model we obtained two relationships, one of which is the relationship between optimal number of set-ups for the ith item and optimal total number of set-ups, the other is the relationship between optimal average inventory investment for the ith item and optimal total average inventory investment. From these relationships we can determine how much average inventory investment per year would be required if a rational policy based on m No set-ups per year for m products were followed and, alternatively, how many set-ups per year would be required if a rational policy were followed which required an established total average inventory inventory investment. We also learned the relationship between the number of set-ups and the average inventory investment takes the form of a hyperbola. But, there is no reason to say that the first analytical model is superior to the second analytical model. It can be said that the first model is useful for a basic production schedule. On the other hand, the second model is efficient to get an improved production schedule, in a sense of reducing the total cost. Another merit of the second model is that, unlike the first model where we have to know all the inventory costs for each product, we can obtain an improved production schedule with unknown inventory costs. The application of these quantitative analytical models to PoHang can-manufacturing plants shows this point.int.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1974

It was convinced that with a relatively small capital investment and with a low operating cost, appreciable amounts of cement copper could be produced from low-grade minerals by the application of a bacterial leaching method. For the recovery of cement copper from the impure pregnant solution, direct precipitation of copper with tin plates by a bacterial leaching method was feasible. The results obtained were as follows: 1)In order to remove the cement copper from the reducing metal, aeration and agitation method were more effective and economic than shaking method. 2)The rate of copper recovery from the pregnant solution was accerelated according to increasing quantities of reducing metal. However, the excess of reducing metal reduced the grade of cement copper. 3)Among the comparative experiments of copper recovery at each reaction temperature of $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, the recovery rate of copper at $30^{\circ}C$from the pregnant solution was highest. 4)Direct cementation method on iron-containing metal was an excellent method for the recovery of cement copper in bacterial leaching.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2007

Recently, many companies knock themselves out to reduce logistics costs. However, they have reached the limit on cost reducing by improving the manufacturing process. In addition, Customers are growing more and more particular about the quality. Also the firms, which provide foods & beverages manufacturer with vacant receptacles and bottles, make zealous efforts to save costs. They have tried to seek for the resolution by own investment and improving system, but they haven't found certainly substitutions. In this study, we analyze problems of the vacant receptacles manufacturers and present introduction of pool system by standardization of Packing Resource. This PPS(Packing resource Pool System) will enable to reduce logistics cost that is challenge for the receptacles & bottles manufacturers, be helpful reducing environmental disruption which are the pollution of alien substances, wasted paper sheets because the system cleans retrieved Packing resources and reuses them.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2009

As technology develops, more advanced technologies involving GPS, GIS, RFID and sensor networks have been adopted in agriculture sector for u-Farm. However, technology adoptions have been evaluated as ineffective. Farmers and agri-business have low level of understanding on technology so it is not efficiently utilized. This study introduces a case of RFID/sensor networks of mushroom farm as a u-Farm case study, focusing on developing a framework for analysis of u-Farm investment returns. RFID and sensor networks improve real-time production control, processing management, and traceability. Integration of RFID and sensor networks leads to innovation into the mushroom farm, reducing labor cost, increasing productivity, and improving quality of the mushroom. The ROI which is used as an indicator of performance indicator is 413%.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.645-668
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• 2022

발전, 수송, 저장, 산업공정 등 에너지 사용 전반에서 탄소중립의 중요한 수단으로 수소에너지가 부각되고 있다. 연료전지 발전소는 수소 생태계에서 가장 빠르게 보급되고 있으며 2050 탄소중립 구현을 위한 핵심적인 발전원 중 하나이다. 하지만 연료전지 발전소의 수익에 영향을 미치는 전력도매가격(SMP)과 신재생에너지 공급인증서(REC) 가격의 높은 변동성은 잠재적 사업자들의 투자시기를 지연시켜 보급에 걸림돌로 작동하고 있다. 본 연구는 실물옵션 방법론을 적용하여 비가역적인 연료전지 발전소의 투자결정에 있어서 SMP와 REC 가격 이중 불확실성이 투자임계가격 수준에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 분석 내용은 다음의 3가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 현행 신재생에너지 공급의무화제도(RPS)하에서 사업자에게 전가되는 이중가격 불확실성은 결정론적 가격 대비 투자임계가격을 상당히 증가시켜 현재 가격 수준에서 경제성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, REC 가격 변동성을 현재의 절반으로 경감하는 것은 REC 가중치를 한 단위 추가로 부여하는 것 만큼의 투자임계가격 하락 효과를 유발하였다. 셋째, 기존 부생수소 기반 연료전지와 함께 그레이 수소, 그린 수소 기반 투자임계가격을 분석하였으며, 그레이 수소의 경우 탄소배출권 비용이 적용될 경우 그린 수소와 경제성이 상당 부분 좁혀지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 현행 RPS 제도가 연료전지 발전소 보급에 저해요소로 작동하며, 보다 비용 효율적이고 안정적인 수소 생태계 구축을 위해서는 정책보완이 필요함을 시사한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2007

Sodium-cooled fast reactor is considered in France as a potential candidate for a prototype of 4th generation system to be built by 2020. A detailed working program has been launched recently to identify by 2012 the potential improvement tracks for later industrial development of these reactors. The goals for innovation are first identified: Progress of the safety with a special attention to severe accidents risk minimization and mitigation (defense in depth approach); Economic competitiveness of the system mainly by reducing the capital cost, the investment risks by enhancing in service inspection and repair capacities, and raising the availability; Sustainability with fissile material management while reducing the proliferation risk; capacity for long-lived waste transmutation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.550-564
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• 2020

증류탑은 경제적 효율성, 높은 신뢰성 및 자료 확보의 용이성으로 석유화학 공정 설계 시 화학 성분의 분리를 위해 적용되는 주된 기술 중 하나이다. 하지만, 기본적으로 에너지 소비 및 투자비가 높은 설비이기 때문에, 운전비와 투자비에 대한 Trade-Off 분석을 진행하여 가장 경제적인 증류탑 설계 진행이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가능한 많은 공정 엔지니어의 활용을 위해 대중적 공정 모사 프로그램인 Aspen Plus를 사용하여 검토를 진행하였다. 증류탑 최적화 진행시의 설계 변수를 정의하여 공정 엔지니어의 주관적인 판단에 의한 설계 품질의 편차를 최소화 하였으며, 불필요한 검토 과정 배제 및 체계적/효율적인 절차를 수립하여 설계에 소요되는 시간 및 인력 소요를 최소화 하였다. 또한, 증류탑 단수 최적화 검토시 투자비의 신뢰성 있는 산출을 위해 APEA (Aspen Process Economic Analyzers) 프로그램을 도입하고, APEA 사용에 대한 효율적인 방법에 대해서도 다방면으로 검토하여 최적화 절차를 수립하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 2014

국제사회가 관심을 가지고 있는 이산화탄소 배출 감소를 위해 많은 연구 기관들이 연료 절감 방법을 연구하여 결과를 제시하고 있다. 비용 절감이 최종 결론이지만 아직까진, 어떻게 제시된 방법이 작동되는가, 어떠한 효과가 있는가, 어떠한 크기의 배에 가장 이상적이며 효과가 클까 등등 많은 의문점들이 제기되고 있다. 선주와 운영자들에게는 연료비가 가장 큰 비용 중 하나이다. 그리고 연료 절감은 선주나 운영자들에게는 비용 절감과 동시에 이산화탄소를 줄이는 가장 좋은 방법이다. 본 논문은 추진 효율을 높여 연료를 절감하는 방법 및 투자되는 비용과 일 년 동안 운항 후 얻어지는 연료비 절감을 통하여 투자금 회수 기간을 대략적으로 계산을 할 수 있도록 하고, 각 방법 간의 미치는 영향에 대하여 소개를 하고자 한다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

Bio-ethanol is a promising alternative energy source for reducing both consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution from renewable resources like lignocellulosic biomass such as wood, forest residuals, agricultural leftovers and urban wastes. Based on current technologies, the cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is relatively high, and the main challenges are the low yield and high cost of the hydrolysis process. Development of more efficient pretreatment technology (physical, chemical, physico-chemical, and biological pretreatment), integration of several microbiological conversions into fewer reactors, and increasing ethanol production capacity may decrease specific investment for ethanol producing plants. The purpose of pretreatment of lignocellulosic material is to improve the accessible surface area of cellulose for hydrolytic enzymes and enhance the conversion of cellulose to glucose and finally high yield ethanol production which is economic and environmental friendly.