• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was designed to describe the economic awareness, economic knowledge, and attitude toward cost-effectiveness in nursing of hospital nurses. Method : The sample included 272 nurses conveniently selected from 5 tertiary care hospitals. Data were collected on general characteristics of nurses, the economic awareness level, the knowledge level of economics, and the attitude toward cost-effectiveness. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC version 10.0. Result : 1) The mean of economic awareness level of hospital nurses was 44.87 (SD=3.53) with a possible range of 5${\sim}$50. The mean of the knowledge level of economics was 58.3 (SD=11.9) with a possible range of 0${\sim}$100. 2) The mean of attitude toward cost-effectiveness in nursing was 39.95 (SD=5.01) with a possible range of 5${\sim}$50, which means moderately positive. 3) Analyzing the relationships between economic awareness level and knowledge level of economics, and attitude toward cost-effectiveness, the knowledge level of economics was positively related with the economic awareness level (r=.192, p=.002) and the attitude (r=.133, p=.029). The economic awareness level was positively related with the attitude (r=.470, p=.000). 4) Backward multiple regression revealed that the linear combination of economic awareness, job position, place of employment, and the presence of CQI committee accounted for 26.1% of the variance in the attitudes toward cost-effectiveness nursing care. Conclusion : Findings reveal that RNs lack basic knowledge of economics and its link to nursing practice, yet, they want a voice in economic decision making. In an effort to fill the void of economic knowledge and respond to nurses' call for greater input, in-service programs and curricula for generic programs must be developed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5309-5314
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer amongst women throughout the world. Currently, there are various follow-up strategies implemented in Iran, which are usually dependent on clinic policies and agreement among the resident oncologists. Purpose: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of intensive follow-up versus standard models for early breast cancer patients in Iran. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was performed with 382 patients each in the intensive and standard groups. Costs were identified and measured from a payer perspective, including direct medical outlay. To assess the effectiveness of the two follow-up models we used a decision tree along with indicators of detection of recurrence and metastasis, calculating expected costs and effectiveness for both cases; in addition, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were determined. Results: The results of decision tree showed expected case detection rates of 0.137 and 0.018 and expected costs of US$24,494.62 and US$6,859.27, respectively, for the intensive and standard follow-up models. Tornado diagrams revealed the highest sensitivity to cost increases using the intensive follow-up model with an ICER=US$148,196.2. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the intensive follow-up method is not cost-effective when compared to the standard model.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2000

Objectives : Risperidone and clozapine belong to a new generation of antipsychotics that are reportedly more effective and better tolerated than conventional neuroleptics. However, each of these agents costs far more per unit than conventional neuroleptics. The purpose of our retrospective study was to ascertain the total cost and effectiveness of treatment before and after administration of risperidone and clozapine in "revolving door" schizophrenia patients. Method : Data collected on revolving door schizophrenics for 2 years before clozapine and risperidone treatment and for at least 2 years after clozapine and risperidone treatment. Direct cost of inpatient and outpatient treatment was measured. Effectiveness was scaled as "years of mild disability gained". Result : Both risperidone and cloazpine result in higher costs and additional benefits to patients, for example, increased mild disability, reduced number of relapse, and reduced hospital length-of-stay. An ICER of risperidone was less than Rc and ICER of clozapine was greater than Rc. According to decision-analytic this model, risperidone had favorable cost-effectiveness ratios relative to clozapine. Conclusion : We have assumed that risperidone is more cost-effective than clozapine.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2015

The effectiveness of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in reducing the seismic response of civil structures is still a debated issue. The few studies regarding TMDs on inelastic structures indicate that they would perform well under moderate earthquake loading, when the structure remains linear or weakly nonlinear, while tending to fail under severe ground shaking, when the structure experiences strong nonlinearities. TMD seismic efficiency should be therefore rationally assessed by considering to which extent moderate and severe earthquakes respectively contribute to the expected cost of damages and losses over the lifespan of the structure. In this paper, a method for evaluating, in a life-cycle cost (LCC) perspective, the seismic effectiveness of TMDs on inelastic building structures is presented and exemplified on the SAC LA 9-storey steel moment-resisting frame benchmark building. Results show that the LCC concept may provide an appropriate alternative to traditional performance criteria for the evaluation of the effectiveness of TMDs and that TMD installation on typical existing middle-rise buildings in high seismic hazard regions may significantly reduce building lifetime cost despite the poor control performance observed under the most severe seismic events.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

Purpose of this study is to compare the cost effectiveness of home care services for the cerebrovascular accident patients by the type of institution. The method is the secondary analysis using the patients' charts. 107 subjects and 1.417 visits were sampled from each type of home care institution such as one hospital based home care center. one KNA home care center, one urban health center, one rural health center and one health care post. Result: There were differences in the functional status of patients and the service contents and frequencies provided by the type of home care institution, The cost per visit for one unit of ADL by the hospital based home care was higher than by the community-based home care. Conclusion: It was suggested that the referral system among the home care institutions would be developed to improve the cost-effectiveness.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2008

Ergonomic techniques have been required to analyze the effectiveness of functional clothing design improvement in a systematic and analytic manner. The goals of the present study are to: (1) comprehensively and analytically examine the effectiveness of clothing improvement by using the relationship analysis between clothing design components (D) and ergonomic evaluation measures (E) and (2) prove the usefulness of cost-effectiveness analysis for clothing design optimization. The cost effectiveness analysis is comprised of the preliminary evaluation based on expertise and the in-depth evaluation where the D-E relationship analysis is applied. As a result of the cost effectiveness analysis applied to flame-proof clothing, an optimal design was identified by analyzing costs and qualitative/quantitative effects. In the preliminary evaluation, the expected effectiveness of each design alternative on wear efficiency and wear comfort was estimated. In the in-depth evaluation, however, the effectiveness of each design alternative was analyzed by quantitative evaluation in a wearing test using a questionnaire prepared based on the D-E relationship analysis. It was concluded that the D-E relationship analysis and the cost-effectiveness analysis are useful for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of functional clothing design.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

Objectives: Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe the WHO-CHOICE(World Health Organization- CHOosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective) programme, and to consider the application of WHO-CHOICE programme in Korea, especially on the health promotion policy. Methods: Literature review was conducted on the contents of WHO-CHOICE programme in the previous studies, guidebook, and software. We also contacted WHO-CHOICE team at WHO to identify the contents not clearly presented in the documents. Results: The WHO-CHOICE programme is a standardized tool for analyzing and comparing the cost effectiveness of health promotion policies. It is composed of PopMod to measure the health effect of intervention and of CostIt to measure the cost. The cost of tobacco control policy in Korea was analyzed with the cooperation of WHO-CHOICE team preliminary, and the results were different with the results of tobacco control policy on western pacific region of WHO. Conclusions: The cost effectiveness study based on WHO-CHOICE programme could help decide a priority of health promotion policy for settings with limited resources. For the improvement of health, the future work on WHO-CHOICE programme need to be considered.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2020

Although the corporate governance plays a crucial role in protecting shareholder wealth, the effect of corporate governance on cost of debt is unclear. On one hand, the corporate governance reduces asymmetric information between corporate and external investor including debtholder leading to a decreasing in cost of debt financing. On the other hand, bondholders require higher rate of return for an improvement corporate governance. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the mechanism to improve corporate governance namely board effectiveness and the cost of debt in an emerging market. As we aim to explore the relationship between cost of debt and board effectiveness, we select corporation in Thailand as our sample because the businesses in Thailand are major debt-financing. Hence, our sample include listed firm in Stock Exchange of Thailand between 2007 and 2016. Our main findings support the sub-optimal investment hypothesis in that improved board effectiveness is associated with higher cost of borrowing. In addition, we find that the number of board member-board size, the number of board meeting, and the percentage of non-executive on audit committee play are positively associated with the cost of debt financing. Furthermore, we perform two-stage-least square (2SLS) to ensure that our results are far from endogeneity issue.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2006

지진응답 제어를 위하여 사장교 구조물에 장착된 준능동MR 댐퍼의 경제적 효율성 평가기법을 제안하였으며, 다양한 지반운동 특성에 대하여 비용효율성을 극대화하는 MR 댐퍼의 최적용량에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. MR 댐퍼의 비용효율성 평가를 위하여 생애주기비용 개념을 적용하였으며, 생애주기비용을 이루는 비용항목 중 손상비용의 기대값을 평가하기 위하여 지진재해로 인한 사장교의 파괴확률을 추정하였다. 사장교의 파괴로 인한 직 간접 손상비용의 규모를 매개변수로 하여 비용효율성을 평가하였다. 비용효율성 평가지수는 MR 댐퍼의 장착으로 인한 추가 투자비용과 사장교 구조물의 손상비용으로 이루어진 함수로서, 탄성받침이 사용된 기존의 설계에 대한 경제적 효율성을 나타내도록 정의하였다. 사장교의 지진응답 제어를 위하여 장착된 MR 댐퍼는 경제적으로 효율적인 대안인 것으로 나타났다. 지반운동의 특성과 손상비용 규모에 대한 MR 댐퍼의 최적 용량을 분석한 결과, 지진위험도 및 손상비용 규모가 커짐에 따라 가장 높은 비용효율성을 가지는 MR 댐퍼용량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제31권A호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the cost effectiveness in line with total phosphorus standard enforcement of public sewage treatment facilities. The additional cost for the total phosphorus removal process was calculated to analyze the cost effectiveness of the advanced water purification process. The analysis results showed that the T-P removal by coagulation sedimentation was more efficient than the advanced water purification facilities in terms of facilities investment cost, and if the coagulation filteration was used for T-P removal, the activated carbon process among the advanced water purification techniques was more efficient in terms of facilities investment cost. In this study, the effects of the T-P removal process that will be additionally introduced according to the tightening of the effluent T-P standard were analyzed within a limit. The actual benefits of improved T-P concentration in the water source will provide diverse values, including the leisure water, environment improvement water, eco-system in the water source and industrial water, in addition to the advanced water purification.