• 제목/요약/키워드: Cost of Labor

검색결과 1,111건 처리시간 0.034초

정수계획법을 이용한 외식인력 스케줄링 (Personnel Scheduling of Restaurant using Integer Programming)

  • 최규완
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.630-638
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate an efficient use of labor in personnel scheduling for the restaurant industry. More specifically, this study attends to reduce overall labor cost while not sacrificing both full-time and part-time employees' schedules. The customers' demands were measured by sales in this analysis. Historically, server scheduling in the restaurant has been practiced by manager's experience and intuition; however, those practices provided drawbacks because managers often fail to consider external factors such as a employees' working conditions and change in a restaurant's size. The result of a new method in personnel scheduling provided significant cost saving compared to a previous scheduling technique. This study found that a new method in personnel scheduling allowed the restaurant to save labor cost. The outcome of this study should of for important strategic implication for the restaurant managers.

위탁급식 전문업체의 운영 현황 조사 및 현안과제 분석 (Analysis of Current Operational Practices and Issues of Contract-Managed Foodservice Companies in Republic of Korea)

  • 엄영람;류은순
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.197-208
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    • 2003
  • This study was surveyed to provide the information on current operational practices and issues of contract-managed foodservice companies. Questionnaires were distributed to 79 contract-managed foodservice companies (eight large-size, 48 mid-size, 23 small-size companies) from March to May in 2002. The contract-managed foodservice companies provided averages of 269,184 (range 140,036-503,500), 14,837 (range 450-75,269), and 4,065 (range 930-8,050) meals daily from large, medium, and small-size companies, respectively. The companies managed to averages of 268.2 (160-619) foodservice contracts at large-size companies, 21.9 (5-63) contracts at mid-size companies, and 4.7 (1-10) contracts at small-size companies. The average numbers of dietitians were 298.6 (range 104-671) in large-size companies, 22.2(6-86) in mid-size companies, and 3.8(1-9) in small-size companies. The averages of sales were 156.5 billion at large-size companies, 6.7 billion at mid-size companies, and 1.7 billion at small-size companies in 2001. The contract was two types including management fee contract(5%), and profit and loss contract(95%). The cost ratios for office foodservice were 59.5% at food cost, 24.2% at labor cost, 6.3% at profit, and 10.1% at other cost. For hospital foodservice, the ratios were 54.0% at the food cost, 34.6% at labor cost, 3.0% at profit, and 11.8% at other cost. For high school foodservice, the ratios were 62.2% at the food cost, 21.5% at labor cost, 5.4% at profit, and 11.2% at other cost. When the contractors managed to the foodservice, the most important matters were the sanitation management and customer satisfaction. Also, the difficult problems were excess investment of equipments and low meal prices.

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하향식(Top-down)방식을 적용한 치과 임플란트 원가산정 (Dental implant cost by top-down approach)

  • 신호성;김민영
    • 대한치과의사협회지
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    • 제52권7호
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    • pp.416-424
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost of dental implant by top-down method and, on that basis, to provide salient information for the suitable standard of dental insurance fee. A survey data and accounting documents from 36 samples of dental clinics secured with the organisation authority are used and analysed for extracting the representative sample of dental clinic. A researcher visited the dental clinics in person and conducted additional interviews in the omitted case of accounting documents. A dental implant cost by top-down method was estimated to 1,430,000 won. Labor cost accounted for 43% of the total cost structure, ranking it 1st and, management cost, material cost and interest cost on investment cost in order are investigated. Labor cost counts of the total cost that shows the similar aspect to the existing result. Cost in cost accounting of medical care would be used for the judge that cost pursed value for dental service, not price or fee.

생산시설 해외이전의 유형별 특성 및 효과분석 (The Characteristics and Impacts of the Relocating of Production Facilities to Abroad: A Case of Korea)

  • 양희승;임채윤
    • 기술혁신연구
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.54-79
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    • 1998
  • Entering the 1990s, Korean economies experienced the high-cost and low-efficiency situation which evetually caused many Korean firms led to relocate their production facilities to lower labor cost countries. This paper aims to draw out the characteristics of FDI and to evaluate the impacts of FDI in manufacturing sectors. Firstly, we try to categorize the indutries into three groups, labor intensive, capital intensive, and the technology intensive industries figuring out the characteristics of FDI of Korean firms. Secondly, we compare the three categories by grouping high and low foreign investment areas using value added data. Thirdly, we analyse the impacts of foreign production relocation the number of firms, production volume and jobs creation in Korea during the period 1991-1996. This paper concludes that the FDI of Korean firms concentrates to labor intensive industry and the hollowing effect caused by FDI was observed partially in the labor intensive industry.

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RFID기술을 활용한 건설현장의 노무관리시스템 프로토타입구축 (Development of Labor Management System Based on RFID Technology for Construction Field)

  • 한재구;권순욱;조문영
    • 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.853-858
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    • 2007
  • 건설산업은 노동집약형 산업으로써 공사수행 중 많은 노무자들 필요로 하고 있고, 원가구성 측면에서도 순공사비의 30$^{\sim}$40%를 차지하는 등 노무관리는 매우 중요한 관리요소이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건설현장의 효율적인 노무관리체계 개선을 위하여 RFID를 기반으로한 노무관리시스템의 프로토타입을 구축하고, 이를 실재 현장에 실험 ${\cdot}$ 적용해 봄으로써 현장적용성 검토를 실시하였다.

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대학급식소의 생산성 요인분석 (Factors Affecting Productivity for University Food Service Operations)

  • 조순희;홍성야
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.407-415
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    • 1998
  • The objectives of this study were to analyze the factors that affect the productivity for university food services. In a survey involving four-year university dining centers throughout the country, and correlations among thriteen different variables that affect productivity were determined. Productivity index (PI) was determined by meals per hour, the average score for 38 institutions was found to be 14.2 meals/hour. For serving methods, the fixed ration had a higher PI than the self-serving. When two types of serving trays were considered, the PI of the compartmantalized trays was higher than that of the tray accompanying saparate small dishes. When single (S)-or. multiple(M)-menu was compared with the cafeteria style, a higher PI was obtained by the S-or M-menu. Among the three operation systems, the PI was found to be the highest by direct operation (17.6 meals/hour), followed by contract operation (11.1 meals/hour) and rent operation (7.9 meals/hour). For the factors that affect the productivity of the university food services, the total number sewed (r=0.54, p<0.001) and the use of convenient food items (r=0.28, P<0.05) exhibited positive correlations, while food costs and labor costs showed negative correlations. This suggests that the productivity of university food service increases as the total number served and the use of convenient food item increased, but decreases as the food costs and labor costs per meal increased. A regression analysis showed that three variables - total number sewed, labor cost per meal, number of employees-influenced about 73% components of food service showed a negative correlation with PI and a positive correlation with the labor cost per meal.

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원가투입구조의 직접 조사에 의한 국내 건설공사비지수 개발을 위한 기초연구 - 도로시설물 중심으로 - (A Basic Study for Developing the Construction Cost Index by Directly Surveying the Cost Input Structure in Korea - Focused on Highway Construction Projects -)

  • 김우영;이준성;이영환;이복남;김윤주
    • 한국건설관리학회논문집
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2006
  • 한국의 건설공사비지수는 대한건설협회(이하 건협)가 1994년 이후 발표를 중단한 이후, 2004년 2월부터 정부에서 실적공사비제도와 관련하여 새롭게 공사비지수를 발표하기 시작하였다. 이 공사비지수는 한국은행(이하 한은)의 산업연관표, 생산자물가지수와 건협의 공사부문 시중노임 등 검증된 데이터를 활용하여 개발된 것이다. 기존의 통계자료만을 활용하는 것을 전제로 하였을 경우에는 이와 같은 방법이 유효할 수 있으나, 건설산업의 공사비 특성을 반영하기에는 일정한 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 공사종류별로 노무비와 자재비의 투입구조를 직접적으로 조사하여, 해당 항목들의 원가변동치를 적용함으로써 건설공사비지수를 산출하는 방법을 도입하고자한다. 본 논문의 범위는 기존통계를 이용한 건설공사비지수의 문제점을 밝히고, 이를 대체할 수 있는 현실적인 대안으로서 직접조사에 의한 공사비지수 개발방법론의 타당성을 확인하는 것으로 한정한다.

시계열분석을 통한 실적공사비의 노무비 분석 및 예측에 관한 연구 (Time Series Analysis and Forecast for Labor Cost of Actual Cost Data)

  • 이현석;이은영;김예상
    • 한국건설관리학회논문집
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.24-34
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    • 2013
  • 2004년부터 정부는 무분별한 저가입찰을 방지하고, 기술 경쟁에 의한 적정 시장 가격 반영 및 효율적인 계약관련 업무를 추진하는 것을 목적으로 실적공사비 제도를 도입 시행하고 있다. 하지만 실적공사비 제도의 도입이 낙찰단가 하락에 의한 정부의 예산 절감에만 기여할 뿐, 실질적인 시장가격을 반영하고 있지 못하고 있다는 우려의 목소리 또한 꾸준히 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 낙찰단가 하락에 의한 일반건설업체의 비용 부담은 전문건설업체로 전가되며 최종적으로 건설노동자의 피해로 이어질 가능성이 크기에, 실적공사비에 적정 가격을 반영하고 현실화하는 것은 성공적인 실적공사비 제도의 정착에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 본 연구는 노무비를 중심으로 노무중심공정을 도출하고 이들의 실적공사비단가와 해당 기능공의 시중노임단가를 비교하여 실적공사비의 현실화수준을 파악하고, 시계열분석을 통해 변화를 분석하고 예측하였다. 시장가격이 반영되지 않은 낙찰 단가의 실질적 하락은 노무 환경의 변화를 가속화하고, 임금체불, 업체부도 등 건설근로자의 직접적인 피해로 이어질 수 있기에 향후 본 연구가 현행 실적공사비 제도의 문제점을 해결하고, 개선방안을 수립하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Investigating the Maintenance Cost of Rest Areas: A Case Study of Nevada

  • Shrestha, Kishor;Shrestha, Pramen P.
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • pp.624-631
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    • 2022
  • Highway Rest Areas are envisioned to provide an accessible space for rest and parking for travelers, especially those driving a long distance. In addition, modern highway Rest Areas provide many amenities to highway users, including wifi service, picnic tables, litter barrels, running water, public telephones, and sometimes even free coffee. Various studies were conducted in the domain of Rest Area facility design and their operating costs in different states; however, limited studies were conducted on the maintenance costs of these facilities. Therefore, this study's main objective is to compute the annual maintenance cost of Rest Areas in the state of Nevada. This study also analyzes the main cost categories of the maintenance works. The raw cost data of Nevada Rest Area maintenance from 1990 to 2012 were collected from the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT). Results show that the maintenance cost fluctuated over the study period; the maintenance cost decreased from 1991 to 2004 and then increased until 2012. The primary cost categories of maintenance work are labor, equipment, and material costs. Among these, labor cost was the largest category with 56 percent of the total maintenance cost, followed by equipment cost and material cost. The findings of this study may help NDOT and other transportation agencies plan their budget for future Rest Area maintenance activities.

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이중선체 벌크화물선의 선체구조설계 및 경제성 검토 (Structural Design and Cost Evaluation of Double Hull Bulk Carrier)

  • 송하철;염재선;김병일
    • 동력기계공학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.106-111
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    • 2005
  • After many casualties of conventional bulk carriers in recent years, a double hull bulk carrier was proposed to enhance the structural safety of a side shell and a transverse bulkhead. In this paper, two alternative structural designs of a double hull bulk carrier were carried out based on the Lloyd's rule. One has the double sided hull with longitudinal stiffeners and the other has that with a girder. The final structural design was examined in comparison with an existing single hull bulk carrier from the viewpoints of cargo hold capacity and the increases of weight and construction cost. Generally, the construction cost of a ship consists of the costs of material, labor and overhead cost. But, in this study, the relative construction cost concept was introduced to compare the economical validity more precisely. In this concept, fixed overhead cost is excluded in the assessment of construction cost, and only the variable overhead cost is added up to labor cost. As the result of this study, a double hull bulk carrier can be constructed within 1% increase of weight and construction cost.

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