• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2022

This paper empirically verifies that the types of capital adjustment costs serve as an important mechanism in relation to investment decision-making after confirming that the investment dispersion of Korean firms is pro-cyclical and can affect business cycles. Specifically, it is found through empirical methods using corporate financial data that capital adjustment costs generally assumed to take a quadratic form in macroeconomics are asymmetric and irreversible in the Korean economy. In particular, capital adjustment costs are empirically proven to cause investment dispersion to expand given that the substitution effect of the marginal value to the marginal cost for one unit of investment in the inter-temporal investment decision is affected by that cost with regard to the resale of owned equipment assets, as opposed to new investments in equipment assets. We ultimately show, albeit indirectly, that investment dispersion can affect business cycles as capital adjustment costs influences investment decisions. What is implied is that the capital adjustment cost is not merely an exogenously deep parameter that fits the dynamics of business cycles in a macroeconomic model but could instead be a policy variable that can be endogenized through government policies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

This study examines simultaneous relationships between regulatory capital, risk, and cost-inefficiency for a sample of 30 commercial banks in Bangladesh from 2006 to 2018. To conduct the analysis, we used the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) in an unbalanced panel data framework. The empirical results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between capital regulation and credit, and overall risk. It is also evident from the results that the capital adequacy ratio is positively and significantly related to default risk and liquidity risk. Therefore, higher capitalized banks take an effort to prevent more credit risk and promote financial stability by reducing liquidity risk. Results also report that banks have been characterized as inefficient, less capitalized, and high risk. On the other hand, efficient banks are more stable but have a high level of liquidity risk. Besides, from the size of the bank, large banks are defined as having lower regulatory capital, are more risk seekers but stable with higher cost-efficiency. Notably, higher capitalized banks are more profitable and cost-efficient by reducing risk. Finally, this study also provides some insightful policy suggestions to the stakeholders.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.61-73
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• 1999

Capital cost of ships for advanced maritime countries is generally regarded as an international cost, which is, or can be, irrelevant with respect to the nationality of shipowners. However, Korean shipowners have been not only forced by national laws and regulations to build their ships at Korean shipyards, but also restricted to access to foreign financial markets. Having said that, as far as Korean shipowners are concerned, the capital cost has become a national cost. Consequently, it causes them to lower International competitiveness. This paper aims to identify the causes deteriorating international competitiveness of Korean shipping with reference to capital costs and suggest constructive proposals.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2005

The reliability of technology valuation depends on, among other things, the reliability of the discount rate estimate. The weighted average cost of capital, generally accepted as discount rate, consists of cost of equity and cost of debt. The model used to estimate the cost of equity for publicly traded firms can not be used directly for small-sized venture firms. In addition, the estimation of cost of debt become very difficult, given the limited and volatile price history, because these small-sized venture firms do not have associated credit ratings. Since two kinds of cost of capital for the small-sized venture firms can not be estimated directly from market data, this study suggests statistical frame works for estimating unknown two kinds of cost of capital. The estimates of underlying cost of capital will help determine the size of appropriate discount rate with logical and scientific way when the technology valuation for small-sized venture firms is made. This study also suggests the necessity of the risk premium for the technology competitiveness to improve the estimation of the appropriate discount rate for small-sized venture firms.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to implement and develop the Economic Cost Driver Size(ECDS) extended model to determine the optimal cash driver size with measurement complexity cost and allocation fail cost. ECDS model can be used to seek both measurement accuracy and time efficiency of the Activity-Base Costing (ABC). The study also develops Activity Priority Number (APN) to evaluate the importance of nonvalue-added activities improvement and to determine the representative cost driver of value-added activities when applying ECDS model. APN consists of Severity Priority Number (SPN), Undetectablitiy Priority Number (UPN) and Occurrence Priority Number (OPN). APN can be obtained from lower-stream activity, current activity, upper-stream activity in terms of hierarchical dependency of SIPOC (Supplier, Input, Process, Output, and Customer). In order to seek both efficiency of invested capital and reduction of overhead cost, the paper proposes the integrated ABC and Economic Value Added (EVA) model using redesigned ABC-based statement of comprehensive income and EVA-based statement of financial position. For a better understanding of the proposed ABC-EVA integrated model, numerical examples are demonstrated in this paper. Cost drivers of ABC and capital drivers of EVA in the proposed model can be used to reduce activity overhead cost from ABC-based statement of comprehensive income and to lessen activity capital charge from EVA-based statement of financial position.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2023년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.69-71
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• 2023

The Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (MM2) is a cornerstone in the field of corporate finance, positing that in a frictionless environment with perfect capital markets, the cost of equity capital is linearly related to a firm's leverage. This paper critically re-evaluates this proposition, particularly examining the determination of the cost and value of equity. We find that under specific circum-stances, especially when the value of a tax shield is influenced by endogenous variables, the cost and value of equity may be ambiguous. This calls into question the universal applicability of MM2. Our research offers new perspectives on the theoretical underpinnings of financial management and underscores the significance of situational factors in the practical application of these theories.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.229-238
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• 1998

현행원가회계시스템의 핵심개념인 경영이익개념은 현행영업이익과 보유이득으로 구성된다. 보유이득의 성격에 대해서는 자본수정설과 이익설의 두가지 견해가 있다. 전자의근거는 조업능력유지개념인 반면, 후자의 근거는 재무자본유지 개념이다. 현행원가회계 주장자들은 그것이 전통회계보다 더욱 유용한 정보를 제공한다고 확신하고 있다. 재무자본지지자들은 현행원가정보가 경영자들의 과거의사결정의 평가에 필요하고, 따라서 그들의 의사결정능력을 개선할 수 있다고 한다. 실물자본지지자들은 기업을 지속적으로 경영하기 위하여 기업의 조업능력이 유지되었는지를 알아야 할 필요성을 강조한다. 역사적원가회계 지지자들은 현행원가회계가 자산을 판매하기 전에 자산가치의 증가를 인식함으로써 전통적인 수익인식원칙을 위반하고, 회계과정에 지나치게 주관성이 개입되어 있다고 믿는다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Purpose - Capital structure adjustment costs influence the test of the standard trade-off theory of capital structure. We investigate whether there exist economically significant capital adjustment costs in the Korean retail industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper adopts the model of Leary and Roberts(2005) to obtain the hazard rate of capital structure variations. The retail firms traded in the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets are analyzed from 2000 to 2016. Results - The empirical analysis shows infrequent capital structure adjustments in the Korean retail firms. The duration analysis emphasizes that the fixed adjustment cost plays an important role in the determination of capital structure adjustments for the Korean retail firms. Yet, even after taking account of infrequent capital structure adjustments, the trade off theory only weakly explains the capital structure variations of the Korean retail firms. Conclusions - This paper confirms the existence of capital structure adjustment costs for the Korean retail firms. Our results argue for the significance of fixed adjustment costs in capital structure adjustments. Such emphasis on the fixed cost is inconsistent with the existing studies. The trade off theory does not successfully explain capital structure policy in the Korean retail firms even after considering adjustment costs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2019

본 연구는 높은 수익비용대응이 자기자본비용을 감소시키는지 먼저 살펴보고 재량적 발생액과 자기자본비용에 미치는 영향을 검증하도록 한다. 선행연구에 의하면, 수익비용대응이 높을수록 이익의 질이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이익의 질이 높을수록 정보위험이 낮고, 정보위험이 낮으면 기업의 자본비용은 감소할 것이라고 하였다. 재량적 발생액은 서로 상반되는 두 개의 역할을 한다고 하였다. 첫째 경영자는 재량적 발생액을 사용하여 기업의 미래에 대한 정보를 정보이용자에게 제공하므로 이익정보의 유용성을 제고시키는 역할을 한다고 보았다. 둘째 경영자는 재량적 발생액을 의도적으로 사용하여 이익을 왜곡시키고 정보이용자에게 잘못된 정보를 제공하므로 이익정보의 유용성을 감소시킬 수 있다고 보았다. 이러한 선행연구의 결과를 비추어 볼 때, 먼저 수익비용대응이 높을수록 자기자본비용이 감소하는지를 살펴본다. 높은 수익비용대응이 수행된 기업의 경우 재량적 발생액을 이용하여 자기자본비용을 감소시키는지를 살펴본다. 연구결과, 수익비용대응이 높을수록 자기자본비용이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 수익비용대응이 높은 기업들은 재량적 발생액을 이용하여 자기자본비용을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

공정가치 서열체계 정보는 각 수준에 따라 측정오류의 발생가능성과 정보비대칭 정도, 그리고 내포된 정보 위험이 다를 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수준별 공정가치 서열체계 정보가 기업의 자본비용에 어떤 차별적인 영향을 미치는지 살펴본다. 2011년부터 2014년까지 한국주식시장에 상장된 기업들을 대상으로 실증 분석한 결과, 수준 1과 수준 2의 공정가치 변수의 회귀계수 값은 자본비용 유형에 따라 크기의 순위가 바뀌었지만, 수준 3의 회귀계수는 모든 자본비용 변수에 대하여 가장 큰 회귀계수 값을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업의 시장위험 관리 수준과 감사품질에 따라 공정가치 서열체계에 따른 자본비용의 관련성이 어떻게 달라지는 가를 추가적으로 분석하였으나 일관성 있는 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 그러나 시장위험관리와 감사품질 변수를 융합하여, 동시적인 상호작용 효과를 분석한 결과, 시장위험관리 수준이 높고 감사품질이 높은 경우 수준 3의 자본비용을 증가시키는 효과가 크게 완화되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 공정가치 서열체계 정보는 내포된 정보위험에 따라 자본비용에 미치는 영향이 달라지며, 경영자의 시장위험관리 수준이나 감사품질에 따라 정보위험은 감소될 수 있음을 보여주었다.