• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.102-114
• /
• 2021

NDF (No Defect Found) is a phenomenon in which defects have been found in the manufacturing, operation and use of a product or facility, but phenomenon of defects is not reproduced in the subsequent investigation system or the cause of the defects cannot be identified. Recently, with the development of the fourth industrial revolution, convergence of hardware and software technologies in various fields is spreading to products such as aircraft, home appliances, and mobile devices, and the number of parts is increasing due to functional convergence. The application of such convergence technologies and the increase in the number of parts are major factors that lead to an increase in NDF phenomena. NDF phenomena have a significant negative impact on cost, reliability, and reliability for both manufacturers, service providers and operators. On the other hand, due to the nature of NDF phenomena such as difficult and intermittent cause identification and ambiguity in judgment, it is common to underestimate the cost of NDF or fail to take appropriate countermeasures in corporate management. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a methodology for estimating NDF costs by the PAF model which is a quality cost analysis model and ABC (Activity Based Costing) technique. The methodology of this study suggests a detailed procedure and the concept to accurately estimate the NDF costs, using ABC analysis, accounting system information, and IT system data. In addition case studies have validated the methodology. We think this could be a valid methodology to refer to when estimating the cost of other parts. And, it is meaningful to provide important judgment information in the decision-making process based on quality management and ultimately reduce NDF costs by visualizing them separately by major variable factors.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제19권11호
• /
• pp.301-313
• /
• 2021

자동차 산업은 차량 소유에서 공유로, 그리고 제조에서 서비스로의 패러다임 전환을 맞이하고 있다. 그러나 스마트 모빌리티 서비스의 경제적 가치가 항상 사용자에게 긍정적이라고 단정하기는 어렵다. 차량 소유 또는 공유와 관련된 비용은 서비스 혜택의 관점뿐만 아니라 잠재적인 사용자의 관점에서도 추정하기가 매우 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 비용 측면에 초점을 맞춰 전동화, 첨단 운전 보조 시스템(ADAS), 그리고 승차 공유 서비스 참여라는 세 가지 주요 요소를 기반으로 비용 추정 모델을 개발한다. 모델 분석 결과 단순 비용의 관점에서는 전동화, 승차 공유 참여 등 비용 혜택을 받는 경우 결과적으로 낮은 비용이 추정되었고, 추가로 민감도 분석을 통한 다양한 요인에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 스마트 모빌리티 서비스 시장에서 잠재적 사용자와 제조업체를 위한 비용 예측 및 전략에 대한 유용한 통찰력을 제공할 수 있다.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2023

This study shows the summary of the economic performance of excess electricity conversion to hydrogen as well as methane and returned conversion to electricity using a fuel cell. The methane production process has been examined in a previous study. Here, this study focuses on the conversion of methane to electricity. As a part of this study, capital expenditure (CAPEX) is estimated under various sized plants (0.3, 3, 9, and 30 MW). The study shows a method for economic optimization of electricity generation using a fuel cell. The CAPEX and operating expenditure (OPEX) as well as the feed cost are used to calculate the discounted cash flow. Then the levelized cost of returned electricity (LCORE) is estimated from the discounted cash flow. This study found the LCORE value was ¢10.2/kWh electricity when a 9 MW electricity generating fuel cell was used. A methane production plant size of 1,500 Nm³/hr, a methane production cost of $11.47/mcf, a storage cost of $1/mcf, and a fuel cell efficiency of 54% were used as a baseline. A sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the storage cost, fuel cell efficiency, and excess electricity cost by ±20%, and fuel cell efficiency was found as the most dominating parameter in terms of the LCORE sensitivity. Therefore, for the best cost-performance, fuel cell manufacturing and efficiency need to be carefully evaluated. This study provides a general guideline for cost performance comparison with LCORE.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.400-410
• /
• 2023

Background: As the government has recently been discussing the expansion of the disaster health expenses support project, we would like to confirm the characteristics of beneficiaries of the support project, particularly those of high-cost beneficiaries. Methods: Using the database of catastrophic health expenditure support project from 2019-2020, this study aims to confirm the characteristics of high-cost beneficiaries focusing on the overlap of the relieved out-of-pocket systems, known as the out-of-pocket ceiling system and the system for rare incurable diseases. Logistic regression analysis is used to examine this issue. Results: In order to analyze the factors influencing high-cost beneficiaries, five models were created and analyzed, including the status of duplicated beneficiaries for relieved out-of-pocket systems, sociodemographic and economic factors, and individual health status as sequential independent variables. All five models were statistically significant, of which economic factors had the greatest impact on the model's predictions. The main results indicated that those who benefited from multiple systems in duplicate were more likely to be high-cost beneficiaries, and there is a higher probability of incurring high health expenses among the underage. In addition, within the beneficiaries of catastrophic health expenditure support project, it was observed that higher health insurance premium percentiles are associated with a higher proportion of high-cost beneficiaries. Conclusion: This study examined the characteristics of high-cost beneficiaries by encompassing reimbursement and non-reimbursement. According to this study, it is expected to be used as basic data for setting priorities and improving the current criteria of catastrophic health expenditure support project, aiming to sequentially expand the program.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 예방적 유지보수 공법으로서 최소단면 보수공법의 경제성을 분석하였다. 최소단면 보수공법은 차량의 주행 특성을 근거로 하여 적용하였다. 최소단면 보수공법의 한 차로당 유효보수범위는 각 차륜 통과부인 70 cm이며, 주행차량 특성 분석에 따르면 각 차륜통과 범위 내에서 95%이상의 차량이 주행한다. 최소단면 보수공법은 기존의 유지보수공법보다 유지보수비용이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 교통정체 감소에 따른 사용자 비용도 감소한다. 본 연구결과 총 유지보수비용은 최소단면 보수공법을 적용함으로서 기존의 유지보수공법에 비해 35%감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.85-102
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study is aimed to develope effective guidelines of R&D institute with regard to general management cost, by analyzing the management characteristics of 14 domestic R&D institutes general management costs. Methods: The bootstrapping method is applied to obtain the average general management cost of 14 R&D institute and the effective R&D institutes are presented by comparing the general management costs of R&D and the rate of inflation. Results: The results show that the average R&D general management cost of 14 R&D institutes is 3.32% and, in general, it turns out that the R&D general management costs do not reflect the inflation rate after a comparative analysis of the variation of the R&D general management costs. In addition, the results of cost-effective analysis show that only 5 R&D institutes are efficient in R&D activities. Conclusion: Applying a uniform standard of R&D general management costs although their management characteristics are different, can cause the impediment to the independence and transparency of R&D institutes. Therefore it is recommended a strict implementation with respect to the monitoring system of each R&D institute and the budget policy methods which are reflected management characteristics.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 2004

Though the concept of Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) itself is not new, its effectiveness for planning, design, rehabilitation and maintenance/management of civil infrastructures is becoming increasingly recognized. For the decision problems as in the case of the LCC of plant facilities, equipments, bridge decks, pavements, etc., the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is relatively simple, and thus its practical implementation is rather straightforward. However, when it comes to major infrastructures such as bridge, tunnels, underground facilities, etc., the LCCA problem becomes extremely complex because lack of cost data associated with various direct and indirect losses, and the absence of uncertainty data available for the assessment as well. As a result, the LCC studies have been largely limited only to those relatively simple LCCA problems of planning or conceptual design for making decisions. Accordingly, in the recent years, the researchers have pursued extensive studies on the LCC effectiveness mostly related to LCC models and frameworks for civil infrastructures. Moreover, recently the demand on the practical application of LCC effective decisions in design and maintenance is rapidly growing unprecedently in civil engineering practice. Indirction cost is very important on LCC formulation. But that is very difficult and complicate the estimation every LCC. The objective of this paper is to suggest efficient regression model for the estimation of indirect cost approach to the practical application of LCC for the design and rehabilitation of civil. infrastructures considering traffic, traffic network, detour condition, and workzone condition. In this paper, it performed the sensitivity analysis and correlation analysis of parameter for development of regression model of inflection cost.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2009

최근 인구의 도심 집중화 현상이 심화됨에 따라 토지이용의 극대화를 위해 지하공간의 활용이 매우 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 또한 최근 건축물의 지하심도가 깊고 인접건물과 근접시공 되는 경우가 많으므로 건축물의 지하외벽은 슬러리 월 또는 흙막이가시설을 외벽 거푸집으로 사용하고 내측에만 거푸집을 시공하는 방식인 합벽으로 시공되고 있다. 그러나 지하층 합벽 거푸집공사에 대한 원가분석이 건축공사 표준품셈 등에 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 지하층 합벽 거푸집 공사의 원가분석을 시행하여 시공단계별 투입원가에 대한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 수평목 설치 및 해체는 3%, 거푸집 설치 및 해체는 26%, 보강재 설치 및 해체는 12%, 지지대 설치 및 해체는 42%, 기타 작업은 17% 이다. 정확한 투입원가를 프로세스별 구분하여 정리함으로서 신기술 및 신공법 개발 시 중점을 두어야 하는 포인트를 제시할 것으로 판단된다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the energy saving and cost benefit analysis of the Low-income Energy Efficiency Treatment Program supported by KOREF(Korea Energy Foundation). This program was launched in 2007 and performs building energy retrofit for the low-income and energy poverty houses. Method: Energy simulation and cost benefit analysis were accomplished for the low-income detached houses. The structure of detached house was a lot og block structure, wood frame (single glass) and concrete roof. Baseline model of the low-income detached houses was proposed. Result: Annual heating energy consumptions were decreased by about 3.2% with the window system replacement(Case 1), 9.3% with reinforcement of insulation(Case2), and 12.5% with both(Case 3) compared to those of baseline model. The construction cost will be recouped within 5 years for the Case 1, 3 years for the Case 2, and 3 years for the Case 3. Case 3 was the most cost beneficient construction method in the analyzed cases in this study.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.869-881
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The objective of this study is to verify the economic validation of quality management integrated train freight car by analyzing economic evaluation indicators such as benefit and cost, net present value, and inter rate of return. Methods: First, we itemize benefit and cost field by reviewing literatures; Benefit consists of 1)Safety, 2)Operation, and 3)Maintenance; Cost consists of 1)Set-up fee, 2)Wireless internet fee, and 3)Cloud storage using fee. Second, based on these estimated values, we conduct an economic evaluation analysis. Among them, benefit and cost, net present value, and internal rate of return are selected. Results: As a result, all estimated values are highly over criterion of economic validity($$B/C{\geq}_-1$$, $$NPV{\geq}_-0$$, $$IRR{\geq}_-R$$); 1)benefit over cost ratio is 28.22, 2)Net present value is 8,121.66million KRW, and 3)Internal rate of return value is 2272%. Conclusion: The findings of this study will help making a decision when train industry adopts IoT technology for improving the effectiveness.