• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.550-555
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• 2013

Extrinsic skin aging is characterized by the loss of skin tone and resilience, irregular pigmentation, and deep wrinkles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ehwa Makgeolli containing oriental herbs (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Lycium chinense MILL., Morus alba L., and Saururus chinensis Baill) on skin whitening and wrinkling in human skin cells. We prepared Makgeolli extracts (HEE) with 70% ethanol. HEE significantly inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity and reduced the cellular and secreted melanin content of mouse melanoma melanocytes (B16F1 cells). HEE down-regulated the protein expression of tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1/-2, a key player in melanogenesis. Treatment with HEE in human keratinoctyes (HaCaT cells) inhibited the proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 in a dose-dependent manner and dramatically reduced the expression of MMP-2/-9. In addition, HEE attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). These results indicate that HEE may be a great cosmeceutical ingredient for its whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.976-984
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• 2011

Total phenolic content was the highest in 60% ethanol extracts at 21.91 mg/g, and inhibitory activity against tyrosinase of 60% ethanol extracts was higher than ethanol extracts of other concentration. The inhibitory compounds against tyrosinase from Persimmon leaves were purified using Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography with gradient elution. Two purified compounds were isolated as a result. The chemical structures of each compound were determined and identified using $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, FAB-Mass. The compounds were confirmed as (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of purified (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3 were 29.5 and 40.2%, respectively. The inhibitory activities of (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3 against melanin biosynthesis in melanoma cell were 32.5 and 46.7%. The safety of essence with tyrosinase inhibitory compounds from persimmon leaves was also assessed by various safety profiles. First, changes in pH (4.90~4.95) and viscosity (23,000~26,000 cP) was not detected for 60 days. Essence also showed stability against temperature and light for 60 days. All these findings suggest that extracts from persimmon leaves have a great potential as a cosmetical ingredient with a potent whitening effect.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2016

Pinellia ternata Breitenbach, the natural medicinal plant of the Araceae family, is a perennial plant originated from the East Asia, but also widely distributed in Europe and North America. Its tuber is used as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases such as vomiting, inflammation, and traumatic injury. Pharmacological studies revealed that P. ternata possesses anticonvulsant, anti-tumor, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. Despite being well-known as the useful medicinal plant, there is no reliable, standardized method for origin discrimination. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector and quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry based metabolite-profiling was applied to explore significant metabolite for origin discrimination between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. One compound was isolated from Korean P. ternata using repeated ODS column chromatography by bioactivity guided fractionation, and determined as [6]-gingerol according to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. This compound was selected as cosmeceutical biomarker by fingerprints, and it was associated to melanin inhibitory effect determining its origin authenticity. Furthermore, the calibration curve of biomarker was prepared using validated method for the comparison of content between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. This is the report to address the selection and successful validation of the discriminant metabolite for confirmation of Korean P. ternata.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

In the present study, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition of Perilla frutescens, Houttuynia cordata and Camellia sinensis extracts and the extract mixtures (PHC) were investigated. PHC showed 80.2% and 98.0% of free radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS analysis, respectively, and 50% tyrosinase inhibition in $1000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. HaCaT cells did not show cell toxicity in $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the PHC. Furthermore, HaCaT cell viability by co-culture with extract H. cordata was increased more than 10% compared with untreated cells. However, the cell viability was decreased in $500{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract C. sinensis and the PHC. These results suggested that about $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of the PHC showed proper tyrosinase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activities. The PHC could be used as multifunctional cosmeceutical agents.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2008

The concentration of total phenolic compounds of the water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts form Portulaca oleracea were 3.05 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 6.33 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The total antioxidant activities of water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts of Portulaca oleracea were 89.2% and 72.9% in DPPH assay, 69.0% and 96.5% in ABTS assay, antioxidant protection factor of the water and 80% ethanol extracts were each 2.73 PF and 3.63 PF. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities were water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts of Portulaca oleracea were 20.2% and 38.7%. Portulaca oleracea showed high antimicrobial activites against Helicobater pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Streptococcus mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) on Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escheichia coli and Streptococcus mutans were 200, 50, 100, 100 and 150 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The result suggest that Portulaca oleracea extracts may be useful as potential source as antioxidant and antimicrobials.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.726-733
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• 2018

The rice's waste byproduct is known as a rice bran and produced annually about 400,000 to 600,000 tons. Most of the rice bran are used as a livestock feed or waste disposal, and needed to be used to produce high-added substances, such as bioactive materials. In this study, extraction conditions of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of the rice bran were optimized using a statistically-based optimization. The influence of extraction variables including the extraction time ($X_1$), extraction temperature ($X_2$) and ethanol concentration ($X_3$) were investigated using the response surface methodology in order to determine optimum extraction conditions which maximize total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and electron donating abilities (EDA). The optimal UAE from rice bran was achieved under the extraction temperature of $94.9^{\circ}C$, extraction time of 41.6 minute and ethanol concentration of 74.0% (v/v) with maximum yields of TPC 2.78 mg GAE/g DM, TFC 1.63 mg QE/g DM and EDA 42.86%. The UAE process shows its potential to the extraction of bioactive and antioxidant compounds from rice bran in a short extraction time and low temperature. Also, it is proposed that rice bran could be considered as food additives and cosmeceutical products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate possible applications of Rodgersia podophylla in the food and cosmetic industry. Ethanol extracts of leaves (RP-L), branches (RP-B), and root (RP-R) were prepared, and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities were evaluated. The polyphenol content in the RP-R, RP-L, and RP-B extracts was 79.6, 30.4, and 16.9 mg/g, respectively. An antimicrobial activity assay showed that the RP-L and RP-R extracts exhibited strong growth inhibition of pathogenic and food spoilage Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the RP-R extract inhibited the growth of the Gramnegative E. coli and P. vulgaris bacteria. All extracts showed strong scavenging activity for DPPH, ABTS, nitrite, and reducing power determined by A 700 nm. In particular, the RC₅₀s of the RP-R extract for the DPPH anion and ABTS cation were 23.0-29.7 and 15.0-18.2 ㎍/ml, respectively, which are comparable to those of vitamin C (9.8 and 8.0 ㎍/ml, respectively). An activity assay of α-glucosidase and β-amylase suggested a high potential for the RP-R extract as an anti-diabetic agent. Its inhibition levels of α-glucosidase and β-amylase at 0.5 mg/ml were 6.9 and 48.5%, respectively. This is the first report of the antimicrobial and anti-diabetic activities of R. podophylla. Our results suggest that RP-L and RP-R extracts could be developed as novel cosmeceutical and functional food resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.983-988
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• 2009

To investigate the applicability of hot water extract from Codonoposis lanceolata (CL) and fermented Codonoposis lanceolata (FCL) as functional food and cosmeceutical material, its total phenolic contents, total flavonoids, electron donating ability (EDA), SOD-like activity, nitrate-scavenging ability (NSA), reducing power were examined. Total phenolic contents of CL and FCL were 0.54 mg/100 g and 2.79 mg/100 g, respectively, and total flavonoids contents were estimated as 2.26 mg/100 g for CL and 6.16 mg/100 g FCL. The EDA of CL and FCL were 8.0$\sim$17.9% and 32.9$\sim$74.9%. The SOD-like activities of CL and FCL were 0.6$\sim$16.5% and 3.5$\sim$21.6%, respectively, and the activity was dependent on the sample concentration. The NSA was pH dependent, and was the highest at pH 1.2 and the lowest at pH 6.0. The NSA of FCL was higher than that of CL. The FCL extract showed the highest reducing power (0.65) at the concentration of 1,000 $\mu g$/mL. Based on the above results, we deemed that the FCL might have potential antioxdant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 2008

Extracts from Rododendron mucronulatum Turcz. flowers were tested for antioxidant and their inhibitory activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Total contents of phenolics were found as $30.6{\pm}0.14mg/g$ (60% EtOH extract) and $23.2{\pm}0.21mg/g$ (water extract). Electron donation ability (EDA), ABTS [2,2azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical decolorization, Antioxidant protection factor (PF) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs) were measured for the antioxidative activity of the extracts from Rododendron mucronulatum Turcz. flowers. The water extract were determined as 97.5% at ethanol extract showed 83.2% and 60% EtOH extract were 89.7% in EDA. The water extract showed higher antioxidant activity than 60% EtOH extract when evaluated by ABTS radical decolorization and antioxidant PF. The TBARS of water extracts and 60% EtOH extracts were shown as $0.29{\times}10^2{\mu}M\;and\;0.28{\times}10^2{\mu}M$, respectively, and were lower than control. ACE inhibitory activity in water extract (67.6% inhibition) was higher than that of 60% EtOH extract (46.7% inhibition) at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Water extracts had higher inhibitory activities on ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase than 60% EtOH extracts. The result suggests that the water extract from Rododendron mucronulatum Turcz. flowers will be useful as natural antioxidants and functional foods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.234-241
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• 2013

The phenolic compounds of water extracts from Prunella vulgaris were highest at 9.25 mg/g, respectively, when various extraction solvents were used. The optimum condition for extracting phenolic compounds from Prunella vulgaris was extraction in water for 18hr. The DPPH-scavenging activities of Prunella vulgaris were highest at the water extracts. The ABTS radical cation decolorization was higher than 40% in the range of 0~100% ethanol extract section. The antioxidant protection factor on the lipophilic phenolic metabolites was shown to be 1.1 PF in the water extracts from Prunella vulgaris. The TBARS was lower than the control ($0.53{\mu}M$) in all the sections. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, which is related to skin whitening, was above 40%, and for the anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity was above 40% at 0.2 mg/mL. The astringent effect of the Prunella vulgaris 40% ethanol extracts was 98.1% at 1 mg/mL. As a result, it can be concluded that Prunella vulgaris has the potential to be used as a cosmetic material.