• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2000

Pseudomonas sp. HJ-2는 heptanoinc acid를 단일탄소원으로 이용하여 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB),3-hydroxy-velerate (3HV) 및 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HHp)를 구성 단위체로 하는 고무탄성 polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)를 생합성한다. 이 미생물 고분자는 poly(3HB-co-3HV)공중합체와 poly(3HHp) 단일중합체로 이루어진 혼합물임이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 PHA가 고무탄성체로서의 성질을 유지하는데 필용한 단위체 조성과 HJ-2의 배양조건이 PHA의 생산 및 단위체 조성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 생합성된 PHA의 탄성률은 poly(3HHp)의 존재로 크게 감소되었으나, 3HV의 함량이 높은 poly(3HB-co-3HV) 자체도 최대변형률 740%로서 고무탄성체로서의 성질을 보였다. HJ-2의 생장 및 PHA 생합성은 탄소원인 heptanoic acid의 초기농도가 40mMdlfEo 가장 높았으나, 50mM의 농도에서는 큰 저해를 받았다. PHA 생합성은 질소와 인이 결핍된 조건에서 크게 증가되었다. 배양액의 pH 및 통기는 HJ-2로부터 생합성되는 PHA의 단위체 조성에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. pH 7.5에서 생합성되는 고분자는 poly(3HB-co-38% 3HV)인 반면에 pH8.0에서의 고분자는 3HHp가 95%를 차지하였다. 발효조의 교반속도를 달리한 실험의 결과 고분자 내 3HHp의 함량은 산소전달 속도가 높아질수록 증가하였다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.97-114
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• 1998

The occupational health services for the minor enterprises are poor comparing with that of large enterprises in Korea. In 1997, Korean government announced officially the law on joint employment system of occupational health practitioners to solve the problems. This study is to develop the model on the joint employment system of occupational nurse practitioners for minor enterprises in Korea based on the opinions of occupational health nurses (OH Ns). The data were collected by questionnares from October to November in 1997. The number of subjects was 210 occupational health nurses who had participated the mandatory nursing education program provided by the Korean Occupational Health Nurses Association(KOHNA). The response rate was 47.1%. The contents of questionnaires were general characteristics, occupational & job characteristics of OHNs, and the views on the joint employment system. The SAS-PC program was used for the statistical analysis. The results were as followed, (1) The proper number of industies was 3 and the appropriate number of workers was 448 for one joint employed occupational nurse practitioner (J EONP). (2) 44.7% of the OHNs wanted that the Ministry of Labor monitored the way and content of contraction b/w JEONP and minor emterprises, 82.6% of the OHNs wanted that KOHNA managed the employment informations. (3) The OHNs of occupational health agencies showed more positive attitude than the OHNs of private industries on the joint employment system. (4) 88.3% of the OHNs wanted the education training for JEONP. Especially in occupational hygiene and safety control. (5) The OHNs expected the role expansion of Occupational Health Nursing by JEONP system. At the same time they worried the adverse effects. For the successful execution of this system, it is necessary the cooperation among the Ministry of Labor, KOHNA, the minor enterprises, and the OHNs.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Purpose: HPV vaccination is important for the prevention of cervical cancer and genital warts and it is recommended that females be vaccinated against HPV before having sexual contact. Although the national HPV immunization has recently started in Korea, the vaccination rate is still not high. This is a relevant study attempting to investigate the factors affecting the vaccination status of female adolescents in the target age groups focusing on mothers' knowledge and health beliefs of HPV vaccines. Methods: Participants were 206 mothers who had daughters at the target age for the national HPV vaccination program living in a metropolitan city. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire about HPV knowledge and health beliefs of HPV vaccines, consisting of perceived susceptibility seriousness, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Results: The participants' knowledge of HPV was significantly correlated with the overall health beliefs. The factors influencing mothers regarding the HPV vaccination status of their adolescent daughters were found to be perceived barriers, advice on vaccination from medical staff, and perceived benefits. Conclusion: There is a need to organize subject-specific education programs focusing on correcting misinformation about the side effects and benefits of HPV vaccines. When operating education programs, it is recommended that participants include both students and their parents, that various approaches be implemented such as formal health classes, home correspondence and online education, and that medical personnel be also involved as education providers.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2005

본 논문은 3차원 얼굴 영상으로부터 추출된 표면 곡률에 대 하여, 깊이 값을 가중치로 하는 Hausdorff 거리를 이용한 얼굴 인식 알고리즘을 제안한다. Hausdorff 거리 방법은 두 개의 점 집합에 대한 일치성을 측정하는 방법이다. 먼저 객체와 배경을 분리하여 얼굴을 추출한 후 얼굴에서 가장 두드러진 형태인 코끝을 찾고, 회전에 대한 정규화를 실시한다. 3차원 얼굴 영상으로부터 표면 특성의 정보인 주 곡률, 평균 곡률 그리고 가우시안 곡률 값을 추출한다. 입력 영상과 데이터베이스 영상과의 유사도 비교를 위해 두 영상에 대하여 문턱치 값에 의한 이진 영상을 추출하여 각 점에 대한 깊이 값을 가중치로 하는 깊이 가중치 Hausdoff 거리(DWHD)를 이용하여 비교하였다. 제안된 방법으로 수행한 결과, 인식률은 픽셀의 분포가 가장 적은 주 곡률의 최소 곡률이 98%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2000

선 스펙트럼 주파수를 양자화하기 위한 대부분의 방법들이 가중 유클리드 거리에 기반하고 있는 반면, 본 논문에서는 청각 마스킹 효과에 기반한 에러 척도를 사용하여 선 스펙트럼 주파수를 효과적으로 양자화하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 noise-to-mask ratio (NMR)를 선 스펙트럼 주파수의 양자화에 적합하도록 변형한 새로운 에러 척도를 유도하고, 이를 사용하여 선 스펙트럼 주파수를 양자화한다. 한편, 본 논문에서는 양자화하고자 하는 음성 프레임이 갖는 청각적인 특성을 고려하여 동적으로 비트를 할당하는 적응 양자화 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 성능 평가를 위해서 11948 프레임의 테스트 자료를 기존의 방법과 제안한 방법으로 각자 양자화하고 perceptually transparent frame의 비운 및 이때의 평균 비트율을 비교한 결과, 기존의 방법이 1800 bps의 비트율에서 89.9%의 perceptually transparent frame을 얻은 데 비해, 제안한 방법은 770 bps의 평균 비트율에서 95.5%의 perceptually transparent frame을 얻음으로써 제안한 방법이 효과적임을 보였다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2010

감성 지능형 컴퓨팅은 컴퓨터가 학습과 적응을 통하여 인간의 감성을 처리할 수 있는 감성인지 능력을 갖는 것으로 보다 효율적인 인간과 컴퓨터의 상호 작용을 가능하게 한다. 감성 정보들 중 시각과 청각 정보인 음악 이미지는 짧은 시간에 형성되고 기억에 오랫동안 지속되기 때문에 성공적인 마케팅에 있어서 중요한 요인으로 꼽히고 있으며, 인간의 정서를 이해하고 해석하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 감성키워드(짜증, 우울, 차분, 기쁨)를 고려하여 매칭된 음악과 이미지를 검색하는 시스템을 구축하였다. 제안된 시스템은 인간의 감성을 4단계 경우로 상황을 정의하며, 정규화 된 음악과 이미지를 검색하기 위해 음악 이미지 온톨로지와 감성 온톨로지를 사용하였으며, 이미지의 특징정보를 추출, 유사성을 측정하여 원하는 결과를 얻게 하도록 하였다. 또한, 이미지 감성인식정보를 분류하기위해 대응일치분석과 요인분석을 통한 성컬러와 감성어휘를 하나의 공간에 매칭하였다. 실험결과 제안된 시스템은 4가지 감성상태에 대해 82.4%의 매칭율를 가져올 수 있었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.110-124
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• 1998

Determining of Strategic Business Units in the organization is a major critical process for improving the organizational performance. On increasing the demands for extension in function of health center, many health centers are trying to provide the various services. But most health center determined the kind and level of service without scientific considerations. The purposes of this study are to develope the model for determination of strategic business units in health center and to test the availability of implementation for it. Our model is rooted from the McKinsey matrix analysis of Product Portfolio Analysis which used widely in marketing field. We modified the evaluation criteria of the McKinsey matrix analysis for health care field appropriately. Our evaluation criteria are categorized into two concepts; contribution of service, availability of service. At first, in terms of contribution of service, market size, market growth rate, needs and demands of regional people, existences of alternative services in that region, correspondence with health policy. The other component, availability of service are included the availability of manpower, financial availability, the level of knowhow on service, acceptance of health care manpower. In the result of analysis, we could conclude that antismoking and antialcoholics education programs, health screening program are important strategically in that aspects of contributions and availability of services. Also, vaccination program is important in that aspect of service availability and diet and exercise program, health library are meaningful in the aspect of service contribution. Therefore, we think that efforts to investigate the evaluation criteria for priority setting or determination of service area in health center are useful challenges.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.161-189
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• 2006

This paper is aiming at analyzing case law of India in relation with reasonable time to make decision whether to accept or to refuse the documents received from the presenter in credit transactions. As specified in UCP, the failure to refuse to accept the documents within a reasonable time precludes the Issuing Bank, Confirming Bank (if any) and Nominated Bank from asserting that they are discrepant. Compliance of the stipulated documents on their face with the terms and conditions of the credit shall be determined by international standard banking practice as reflected in this Articles of UCP 500. The Issuing bank is only to be held responsible for honoring the documents presented by beneficiary through the nominated banks if they are strictly in compliance with terms and conditions of the Credit. As any well experienced banker knows, however, a word-by-word, letter-by-letter correspondence between the documents and the credit terms means a practical impossibility. Thus the notion of reasonable care in conjunction with the doctrine of strict compliance mixed with International Standard Banking Practices has not played a right functional standard for checking the documents as stipulated in the credit and UCP 500. And so the rejection rate is highly estimated at approximately 50% in EU and 40 to 70% according to their geographical locations in the USA. As a result, it can possibly be inferred from this fact that the credit industry would be facing the functional failure as the international trade credit facility, if not supported with motive power as a relevant scheme in UCP 500. It is quite important to note that UCP 500 Article 13(b) which specify the time limit for the banks to notify the presenter their decision not to accept the documents within a reasonable time not to exceed seven banking days following the day of receipt of documents would be the motive engine to improve the negotiability of documents in international trade financial facility.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2017

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify the preferred types of the hospital reservation cancellation management to help reduce the reservation cancellations. Methodology: This study sampled 327 outpatients or their guardians who had reserved a university hospital and a general hospital located in the southwestern part of Seoul, and the responses from 300 of them were used for the final analysis. The subjects' preferences of reservation cancellation management types were analyzed in reference to their demographic variables. The timing and frequency of pre-notification preferred by the subjects were examined. A multidimensional scaling methods and correspondence analysis was used to identify preference for management methods of no-show and type of reservation guide. Findings: As a result, 77.3% of the respondents were perceived that the reservation cancellation was a habit. The most preferred method of managing the reservation cancellation would be refusal to refund the reservation deposit (61.7%), followed by payment for cancellation (16.0%), limit of future reservations (16.0%) and penalty (6.3%) in their order. 186 of the subjects (62.0%) preferred the texting for prevention of reservation cancellations, and 102 of the subjects (34.0%) preferred the phone calls. The preferred timing and frequency of the SMS were twice 3 days before, once a day before and three times 7 days before, while the preferred timing and frequency of phone call was once a day before. Practical Implications: The no-show rate can be improved by enhancing SMS pre-notification and by improving afterwards telephone counseling. For other factors, it needs to study on the service differentiation with the characteristics of each patient group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Objective: The first stage in both breeding and programs for the conservation of genetic resources are the identification of genetic diversity in the relevant population. The aim of the present study is to identify genetic diversity of six brown layer pure chicken lines (Rhode Island Red [RIRI, RIRII], Barred Rock [BARI, BARII], Columbian Rock [COL], and line 54 [L-54]) with microsatellite markers. Furthermore, the study aims to employ its findings to discuss the possibilities for the conservation and sustainable use of these lines that have been bred as closed populations for a long time. Methods: In the present study, a total number of 180 samples belonging to RIRI (n = 30), RIRII (n = 30), BARI (n = 30), BARII (n = 30), L-54 (n = 30), and COL (n = 30) lines were genotyped using 22 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite markers are extremely useful tools in the identification of genetic diversity since they are distributed throughout the eukaryotic genome in multitudes, demonstrate co-dominant inheritance and they feature a high rate of polymorphism and repeatability. Results: In this study, we found all loci to be polymorphic and identified the average number of alleles per locus to be in the range between 4.41 (BARI) and 5.45 (RIRI); the observed heterozygosity to be in the range between 0.31 (RIRII) and 0.50 (BARII); and $F_{IS}$ (inbreeding coefficient) values in the range between 0.16 (L-54) and 0.46 (RIRII). The $F_{IS}$ values obtained in this context points out to a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency in six different populations. The Neighbour-Joining tree, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and STRUCTURE clustering analyzes showed that six brown layer lines were separated according to their genetic origins. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study indicate a medium level of genetic diversity, high level inbreeding in chicken lines and high level genetic differentiation between chicken lines.