• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate hamstring length during static uprighting position using weight distribution ratio. Methods: Ninety-six volunteers(56 males) were participated. The active knee extension test(AKE) was measured 3 times on both legs. The mean score of AKE was obtained. Then, the measurement of weight distribution ratio was observed 3 times on both legs, and its mean value was also calculated. Subjects were divided four groups based on their hamstring length measurement; both hamstring shortening group, left hamstring shortening group, right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyse collected data. Pearson's correlation was also hired to see any relationship between the hamstring length and the weight distribution. Results: In anterior/left area and posterior/right area, both hamstring shortening group left hamstring shortening group were superior to right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. Significant difference was existed statistically(p<.05) between groups. The correlation analysis between hamstring length and weight distribution ratio has not been shown any significant findings(Pant/post=0.733, Plt/rt=0.135). Conclusion: The results of the study may be applied to therapeutic management in posture and movement skill in musculoskeletal physical therapy.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between yearly variations of climatic elements and yearly variations of productivity in malting barley. In addition, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components were estimated. The data of yield and yield components were investigated for 10 years from 1991 to 2000. The meteorological data gathered at the Yeosu Weather Station for the same period were used to find out the relationships between climatic elements and productivity. Yearly varation of the amount of precipitation in December and January were large with coefficients of variation(c. v.) of 97.9, 51.3%, respectively, but the variation of the maximum temperature and minimum temperature in April were relative small. Yield, weight of 1,000 grains and culm length were greatly with c. v. of 37.3, 49.3 and 41.3%, respectively. spike length and number of spikes show more or less c. v. of 3.8, 24.7% respectively and number of grains per spike show still less variation with c. v. of 9.4%. Correlation coefficients between temperature of mean, maximum and minimum in February and seed yield and yield components were positively significant at level of 5.1%, respectively. Correlation coefficients between precipitation of April and seed yield were positively significant correlation at the level of 5.1 %, respectively, but the duration of sunshine in April and seed yield were negatively significant at the level of 5.1%, respectively. Correlation coefficients of those, yield components and yield, culm length, spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per $m^2$, weight of 1,000 grains and seed yield were positively significant at the level of 5.1 % respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 1997

This study was carried out to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation for body weight, shank length and shank width at various wk of age in growing Korean pheasant. All the measurements were done from one day to 20 wk of age with 4 wk interval. The heritability estimates for body weight were in the range of 0.54~0.59 for male and of 0.49~0.81 for female from 4 to 20 wk of age. The heritability estimates of male and female were in the range of 0.38~0. 82 and 0.41~0.67 for shank length, and of 0.48~0.88 and 0.49~0.71 for shank width, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between the measurements at different ages in each trait of body weight, shank length and shank width were medium to high positive values. Because the estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were high, the genetic gain for body weight is expected by either a direct selection or an early selection based on the record of early growing stage.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.593-604
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• 1995

Mandibular incisor crowding is one of the most common features of malocclusion and is interesting characteristic in view of relapse and stability after orthodontic treatment. There are many potential factors in the etiology of lower anterior crowding. The tooth size variation is one of them, but biologic significance for the faciolingual width of the teeth has been overlooked. Peck and Peck reported that persons with ideal mandibular incisor alignment were shown to have incisor with smaller mesiodistal and larger faciolingual dimensions than persons with incisor crowding. On the basis of these findings they suggested MD/FL index as a clinical guideline for the assessment for lower incisor crowding. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between mandibular incisor crowding and mandibular incisor dimension, and determine their correlation with arch length discrepancy. 154 dental casts of people from 11 to 17 years of age were made, and were divided into normal group with irregularity index less than of 1, and crowding group with irregularity index greater than 1.The casts were measured and analyzed statistically. The results were as follows. 1. The mean mesiodistal width for mandibular incisor was larger in crowding group, and has significant difference in central inciosr measurement. There are no significant differences in the faciolingul width and MD/FL index. 2. Irregularity index has significant correlation coefficients with mesiodistal width and MD/FL index for mandibular incisor in crowding group, but no correlation with faciolingual width. It also has correlation with maxillary and mandibular arch length discrepancy, total tooth material, mandibular intercanine width, and mandibular inter first premolar width. 3. Upper and lower arch length discrepancy have significant correlation with mesiodistal width of mandibular incisor and overbite, but have no correlation with faciolingual width. Lower arch lenth discrepancy has significant correlation with MD/FL index for mandibular incisor and upper arch length discrepancy has correlation with MD/FL index for mandibular lateral incisor. 4. Significant differences were observed between normal and crowding group for the mandibular arch length discrepancy and overbite.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2024

An evaluation was carried out on variability in morphology of fruits and seeds (number and weight) of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. and Thonn.) Taub. from different populations across its distribution range in Nigeria. Bulk fruit samples were collected and examined for variations in morphological characters. Differences in morphological character of fruits and seeds among the populations were determined using analysis of variance at 5% level of probability. The relationships among morphological characters were determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Significant variations (p<0.05) existed among T. tetraptera populations for all the evaluated characters: fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds per fruit and seed weight. A positive significant strong correlation (r=0.96) was found between seed weight and number of seeds per fruit, while no correlation existed between fruit length, width and number of seeds. Seed weight was positively correlated with minimum altitude (r=0.97) and maximum altitude (r=0.99) of seed populations. Number of seeds was also significantly correlated with maximum altitude (r=0.965). There was no significant correlation between geo-climatic variables and fruit dimensions (length and width). Observed variations in morphological traits within and across populations of T. tetraptera may be used as proxy to estimate genetic diversity and selection of superior trees for improved productivity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2007

Demand for high quality rice has always been a major factor in the international rice marketing. In the present study, doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of a Tongil/japonica hybrid was used for genetic analysis of rice grain quality. The average values of DH lines for grain weight, grain length and the ratio of grain length to width were near the mid-parent value. More than 40% DH lines showed transgressive segregation for grain weight, length, amylose and lipid content, but less than 10% DH lines observed on ratio of length to width and grain thickness were transgressive segregation. Correlation analysis between appearance qualities and physicochemical characters indicated that grain width and grain thickness both significantly and negatively correlated to protein and lipid content. A highly significant negative correlation between protein content and amylose content was observed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1328-1333
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• 2004

The Flame length of $CH_4$ with the Oxidizer of air and $O_2$ has been measured respectively for the nozzle diameter of 1.6mm, 2.7mm, 4.4mm and 7.7mm. In all $CH_4$ flame on oxidizer of air and $O_2$. the flame length was independent of the initial jet diameter, dependent only on the flowrate in laminar flame regime, and in turbulent flame dependent on the initial jet diameter. Using correlation equation of Delichatsios, the flame length has been expected exactly for $CH_4/air$ flame, but has been underestimated for $CH_4/O_2$ flame. This paper has proposed correlation equation of $CH_4/O_2$ flame.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 1990

In this report, the variation of skin surface between before treatment and after treatment was investigated by skin image analyzer. The 30 volunteers were applied cream and lotion on the forearm Inside for 4 weeks, and the measurement parameter of skirl surface was adopted peak, length, height, and width. The results were as follows ; 1. variation trends of parameters was showed that number of peaks were increased, but length, height and width were decreased. 2. The order of improvement for skin surface are as follow ; height > length > peak > width. 3. And also disclosed that the number of peak has a correlation with width, and length has a correlation with height.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.887-895
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• 2006

Through this research of the analysis on the frequency flood discharges regarding basin property factors, a linear regression system was introduced, and as a result, the item with the highest correlation with the frequency flood discharges from Nakdong river basin is the basin area, and the second highest is the average width of basin and the river length. The following results were obtained after looking at the multi correlation between the flood discharge and the collected basin property factors using the data from the established river maintenance master plan of the one hundred twenty-five rivers in the Nakdong river basin. The result of analysis on multivariate correlation between the flood discharges and the most basic data in determining the flood discharges as basin area, river length, basin slope, river slope, average width of basin, shape factor and probability precipitation showed more than 0.9 of correlation in terms of the multi correlation coefficient and more than 0.85 for the determination coefficient. The model which induced a regression system through multi correlation analysis using basin property factors is concluded to be a good reference in estimating the design flood discharge of unmeasured basin.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2017

The dynamic performance of railway bridges under high-speed trains draws the attention of bridge engineers. The vibration issue for long-span bridges under high-speed trains is still not well understood due to lack of validations through structural health monitoring (SHM) data. This paper investigates the correlation between bridge acceleration and train speed based on structural dynamics theory and SHM system from three foci. Firstly, the calculated formula of acceleration response under a series of moving load is deduced for the situation that train length is near the length of the bridge span, the correlation between train speed and acceleration amplitude is analyzed. Secondly, the correlation scatterplots of the speed-acceleration is presented and discussed based on the transverse and vertical acceleration response data of Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge SHM system. Thirdly, the warning indexes of the bridge performance for correlation scatterplots of speed-acceleration are established. The main conclusions are: (1) The resonance between trains and the bridge is unlikely to happen for long-span bridge, but a multimodal correlation curve between train speed and acceleration amplitude exists after the resonance speed; (2) Based on SHM data, multimodal correlation scatterplots of speed-acceleration exist and they have similar trends with the calculated formula; (3) An envelope line of polylines can be used as early warning indicators of the changes of bridge performance due to the changes of slope of envelope line and peak speed of amplitude. This work also gives several suggestions which lay a foundation for the better design, maintenance and long-term monitoring of a long-span high-speed bridge.