• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.330-333
• /
• 2022

Korea's quarantine response to the novel coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic is based on the sacrifice of health professionals, especially public health doctors (PHDs) who were called out first and put in the first place in the country. PHDs performed major quarantine tasks, such as collecting samples from screening clinics and epidemiological investigations, in various parts of the country, including the Daegu area, where the first large-scale COVID-19 confirmed cases in Korea and explosively increased. Because of their position as fixed-term civil servants, however, PHDs' professionalism as doctors was ignored, and they were not properly compensated for their work. They were also exposed to problems such as a high risk of infection, mental suffering, and various human rights violations. We must prepare concrete measures to improve the fundamental treatment of PHDs and protect their human rights in order to prepare for a possible infectious disease pandemic in the future.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic for over 2 years. During the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant-predominant period in South Korea, confirmed cases among children and adolescents surged. This review found that, although younger children may be less susceptible to COVID-19 than adolescents, more research is needed on the role of children and adolescents in the disease's spread. Detailed epidemiological information about the transmissibility of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain in children and adolescents is currently scarce, and more research is needed on the role of children and adolescents in disease's spread. There may be a difference in the proportion of cases with severe disease requiring hospitalization depending on the dominant mutant strain; however, COVID-19 generally presents with a mild-to-moderate course in children aged 5-11 years old.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2022

소아청소년에서 코로나바이러스감염증-19 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19])은 대부분 경증이며 특별한 치료없이 호전될 수 있다. 하지만 일부 소아청소년 COVID-19 환자에서는 중증 또는 위중증으로 진행할 수 있다. 소아청소년 COVID-19 치료 약제에 대한 임상 데이터는 제한적이지만, 중증 및 위중증 COVID-19 소아청소년 환자에서 사용 가능한 약제들은 있다. 본 종설에서는 COVID-19 치료 약제 중 항바이러스제와 면역조절제에 중점을 두고 임상 데이터와 소아청소년에 대한 권고 사항들을 논의하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.4.1-4.18
• /
• 2021

The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still threatening human health, economy, and social life worldwide. As a counteraction for this devastating disease, a number of vaccines are being developed with unprecedented speed combined with new technologies. As COVID-19 vaccines are being developed in the absence of a licensed human coronavirus vaccine, there remain further questions regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines, as well as immunological mechanisms in depth. This review article discusses the current status of COVID-19 vaccine development, mainly focusing on antigen design, clinical trials in later stages, and immunological considerations for further study.

• 대한영상의학회지
• /
• 제81권3호
• /
• pp.591-603
• /
• 2020

목적 본 연구는 Coronavirus disease 2019 (이하 COVID-19) 폐렴 환자의 임상 양상과 흉부 전산화단층촬영(이하 CT) 소견을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 IRB의 승인을 받은 연구로, 51명의 COVID-19 확진 환자들을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 환자들을 임상 양상에 따라 경증과 중증으로 나누어 두 그룹 간에 임상 양상과 흉부 CT 소견을 비교하였다. 결과 총 51명의 환자(남자 22명, 여자 29명, 평균 56.5 ± 16세, 범위 22~88세) 중 37명(72.5%)은 경증, 14명(27.5%)은 중증이었다. 중증 환자들의 평균 연령(68.7 ± 12.5세)은 경증 환자들(51.8 ± 14.9세)보다 많았다(p < 0.001). 중증 환자가 기저질환을 가지고 있는 경우가 많았으며(71% vs. 41%, p = 0.049), 혈액검사에서 림프구 백분율 감소를 보이는 경우가 많았다(86% vs. 32%, p = 0.001). 흉부 CT 소견은 대부분의 환자들에서 간유리음영과 폐경화가 혼합된 양상이거나(76%) 간유리음영으로(22%) 나타났고, 양측 폐 하부, 후방, 변연부에 나타나는 경우가 많았다. 중증 환자에서 병변이 더 많은 수의 폐엽을 침범했고, CT 위중도 점수도 높았다. 결론 COVID-19 폐렴 확진 환자의 특징적인 흉부 CT 소견을 숙지하는 것이 빠른 진단과 적절한 치료에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.521-523
• /
• 2021

The increasing number of studies published on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has improved our knowledge of the disease itself and its complications. Despite a considerable number of publications on COVID-19 pneumonia-associated pneumothorax, no article on spontaneous hemopneumothorax has been found in the English-language literature. According to published case reports, pneumothorax generally occurs in hospitalized patients during treatment, whereas cases that arise in the late period after discharge are exceptional. Herein, we present a case of spontaneous hemopneumothorax occurring as a late complication of COVID-19 pneumonia on day 17 after discharge.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.180-183
• /
• 2020

목적: 국내 초중고 학교 등교재개 이후 소아에서의 코로나바이러스감염증-2019 (코로나19) 사례의 감염경로를 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2020년 5월 1일부터 7월 12일까지 국가감염병감시체계에 신고된 3-18세 소아 청소년 코로나19 확진자의 사례조사서 및 역학조사서를 분석하였다. 결과: 2020년 5월 국내 초중고 학교 등교 재개 이후 7월 12일까지 총 127명의 소아 청소년 코로나19 확진자가 신고되었다. 그 중 59명(46%)은 가족 및 친지로부터 전파된 사례였으며 18명(14%)은 학원 및 개인교습 중 전파되었다. 8명(6%)은 다중이용 시설에서 전파되었으며 3명(2%)은 학교에서 전파된 사례였다. 결론: 코로나19 감염예방을 위한 관리체계가 사전에 마련되고 준비된 경우 학교 내 코로나19 전파는 드물게 나타났다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제64권2호
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spreading worldwide since December 2019. Hundreds of cases of children and adolescents with Kawasaki disease (KD)-like hyperinflammatory illness have been reported in Europe and the United States during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with or without shock and cardiac dysfunction. These patients tested positive for the polymerase chain reaction or antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 or had a history of recent exposure to COVID-19. Clinicians managing such patients coined new terms for this new illness, such as COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory response syndrome, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19, or COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The pathogenesis of MIS-C is unclear; however, it appears similar to that of cytokine storm syndrome. MIS-C shows clinical features similar to KD, but differences between them exist with respect to age, sex, and racial distributions and proportions of patients with shock or cardiac dysfunction. Recommended treatments for MIS-C include intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and inotropic or vasopressor support. For refractory patients, monoclonal antibody to interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), or monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) may be recommended. Patients with coronary aneurysms require aspirin or anticoagulant therapy. The prognosis of MIS-C seemed favorable without sequelae in most patients despite a reported mortality rate of approximately 1.5%.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.28.1-28.25
• /
• 2020

The recent emergence of the novel coronavirus (CoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global threat to human health and economy. As of June 26, 2020, over 9.4 million cases of infection, including 482,730 deaths, had been confirmed across 216 countries. To combat a devastating virus pandemic, numerous studies on vaccine development are urgently being accelerated. In this review article, we take a brief look at the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoVs and discuss recent approaches to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine development.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated a redistribution of resources to meet hospitals' service needs. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on a regional trauma center in South Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of polytrauma at a single regional trauma center in South Korea between January 20 and September 30, 2020 (the COVID-19 period) and compared them to cases reported during the same time frame (January 20 to September 30) between 2016 and 2019 (the pre-COVID-19 period). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included the number of daily admissions, hospital length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS. Results: The mean number of daily admissions decreased by 15% during the COVID-19 period (4.0±2.0 vs. 4.7±2.2, p=0.010). There was no difference in mechanisms of injury between the two periods. For patients admitted during the COVID-19 period, the hospital LOS was significantly shorter (10 days [interquartile range (IQR) 4-19 days] vs. 16 days [IQR 8-28 days], p<0.001); however, no significant differences in ICU LOS and mortality were found. Conclusions: The observations at Regional Trauma Center, Pusan National University Hospital corroborate anecdotal reports that there has been a decline in the number of patients admitted to hospitals during the COVID-19 period. In addition, patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significantly shorter hospital LOS than those admitted before the COVID-19 pandemic. These preliminary data warrant validation in larger, multi-center studies.