• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.883-890
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• 1999

Long term patency of arterial graft has been better than venous graft and redo coronary artery bypass grafting has been increasing, therefore, there has been an increasing need for alternative arterial grafts except internal thoracic artery(ITA). Material and Method: Right gastroepiploic arteries(RGEA) were harvested from 100 patients who had received gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer. ITAs were obtained from 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The length of RGEA was measured from the pyloric ring. Items of the morphometric and histologic study at the pyloric ring and sites of the 10cm and 20cm RGEA from the pyloric ring were luminal diameter, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness index, medial thickness index, and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina. Similar items were applied to the proximal site of ITAs. Result: The length of RGEA was 23${\pm}$2.7cm(range 17∼31cm). Comparing the 20cm RGEA with ITA, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, and degree of intimal hyperplasia did not show any difference(p>0.05). However, 20cm RGEA was greater than ITA at the luminal diameter, intimal thickness index, and the number thickness and wall thickness in each site of the RGEA(pyloric ring, 10cm, 20cm) decreased from the pyloric ring to the distal sites(p<0.05). The degree of intimal hyperplasia and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina did not show any difference between the pyloric ring and 10cm, however, those of 20cm were smaller than these sites(p<0.05). RGEA had more number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina and rich smooth muscle cells in the media than ITA. Conclusion: The length and diameter of RGEA is good enough to reach most of the coronary arteries. Moreover, long term patency of RGEA may be improved, if anastomosed in the distal site.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2003

배경: 관상동맥우회술 시 이용하는 내흉동맥은 그 장기 개통률이 다른 도판보다 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 또한 양측 내흉동맥을 이용하면 좋은 개통률로 보다 많은 관상동맥에 접근할 수 있다. 그러나 양측 내흥동맥의 박리로 수술조기 합병증이 증가할 것이라는 관점이 있어 보고자가 경험한 수술 조기결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 7월부터 2002년 5월까지 양측 내흉동맥을 이용하여 관상동맥우회술을 시행한 26예를 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자 중 당뇨병을 가진 8예와 당뇨병이 없는 18예를 비교하여 수술결과를 분석하였다. 또한 같은 기간에 단측 내흉맥을 이용하여 수술한 20예를 대상 환자군과 비교하여 그 수술결과를 분석하였다. 결과: 수술사망은 없었다. 수술 후 합병증은 창상감염으로 당뇨군과 정상군 각각 1예가 있었다. 당뇨군과 정상군 간에는 수술시간, 기관삽관시간, 출혈량, 강심제투여시간, 그리고 합병증 발생에서는 서로 차이가 없었다. 단측 내흉동맥군과 수술결과에 있어 차이가 없었다. 결론: 양측 내흉동맥을 이용한 관상동맥우회술의 수술 조기결과는 단측 내흉동맥을 이용한 수술결과와 차이가 없었고 양측 내흉동맥을 이용한 환자 중 당뇨병이 있는 경우에도 정상군과 수술결과의 차이는 없었다. 당뇨병 환자에 있어 양측 내흉동맥의 이용은 고려할 만하다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2013

Background: Coronary involvement in Takayasu's arteritis is a rare but fatal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and mid-term results of Takayasu's arteritis patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Materials and Methods: Of 2,280 patients who underwent isolated CABG from January 1998 to June 2012, Takayasu's arteritis was identified in 5 patients. There were 3 female patients, and the mean age was $58{\pm}9$ years. Takayasu's arteritis was diagnosed during preoperative evaluation for coronary artery disease in 4 patients, and the initial manifestation was angina pectoris in 4 patients. All of the patients underwent anaortic off-pump CABG (OPCAB) using the in situ left or right internal thoracic arteries (ITA); 3 patients had severe stenosis of the proximal left subclavian artery and the in situ right ITA was used instead. Medical treatment for inflammatory arteritis during the perioperative and follow-up period was performed if indicated. Early, 1-year, and 5-year angiographic results and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: There was no surgical mortality, and all of the patients were discharged without complications on postoperative $8{\pm}2$ days. Early postoperative (postoperative $2{\pm}1$ days) angiography demonstrated a graft patency of 100% (12 of 12 distal anastomoses). One-year ($13{\pm}3$ months) angiography was performed in 4 patients, and all of the grafts were patent (100%, 9 of 9 distal anastomoses). Conclusion: By performing anaortic OPCAB in patients with Takayasu's arteritis, we were able to avoid complications associated with manipulating an atherosclerotic and severely calcified ascending aorta. The early and mid-term graft patency of OPCAB in Takayasu's arteritis was maintained when concomitant with medical treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2021

Background: We evaluated the mid-term outcomes and angiographic patency of redo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Of 2,851 patients who underwent isolated CABG at Seoul National University Hospital from 2000 to 2017, 88 underwent redo CABG. Patients' mean age at redo CABG was 66.0±8.0 years. The mean interval between the first-time and redo CABG was 113.0±62.4 months. The mean follow-up duration was 86 months. Early and mid-term clinical outcomes were evaluated. Angiographic patency rates were evaluated early (1-2 days), 1 year, and 5 years after surgery. Comparative analyses between on-pump and off-pump CABG were also performed. Results: The culprits for reoperation were previous grafts (65.6%), native coronary vessels (17.8%), and both (16.7%). Off-pump CABG was performed in 75 cases (85.2%), and the mean number of distal anastomoses was 1.8±0.8. The saphenous vein (39.7%) was used most frequently, followed by the right internal thoracic artery (28.4%), right gastroepiploic artery (21.3%), left internal thoracic artery (7.8%), and radial artery (2.8%). Operative mortality was 1.1%. The overall survival, cumulative incidence of cardiac death, and cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events were 71.3%,12.0%, and 23.3% at 5 years after surgery, respectively. The overall angiographic patency rates were 95.7%, 90.1%, and 92.2% on early, 1-year, and 5-year angiograms, respectively. The angiographic patency rates of saphenous vein grafts were 93.1%, 85.6%, and 91.3% on early, 1-year, and 5-year angiograms, respectively. No significant differences in clinical outcomes or angiographic patency rates were observed between the on-pump (n=13) versus off-pump (n=75) groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; p=0.005) and chronic kidney disease (HR, 3.85; p=0.001) were risk factors for all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Redo CABG could mostly be performed using the off-pump technique and did not show increased operative mortality and morbidities.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.220-231
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• 1985

In selected patients with occlusive lesions of coronary arteries, aortocoronary bypass grafting has been effective in reducing anginal symptoms and in increasing the patients` longevity. Between May, 1977, and December, 1983, 41 patients with coronary occlusive disease received aortocoronary bypass surgery at Yonsei University Medical Center in Seoul. Thirty-three were male and 8 were female. Their ages ranged from 33 to 70 years [average 531.6 years]. Of the 41 patients, 11 suffered from stable angina, 30 suffered from unstable angina and 4 suffered from a variant type of angina. Eleven patients had 1 diseased vessel, 11 patients had 2 diseased vessels, 19 patients had 3 diseased vessels, and 5 patients had a diseased left main coronary artery. A single graft was placed in 5 patients, a double graft was placed in 17 patients, a triple graft was placed in 11 patients and a quadruple graft was placed in 8 patients. Nineteen patients received a sequential graft [40 sites of 20 vessels]. The average internal diameter of the grafted distal coronary artery was 2.380.15, 1.630.13 mm on the left side and 3.200.20, 1.830.21 mm on the right side. Two operative deaths occurred in the early years of our experience. The mortality rate was 4.87% and there were no late deaths. Of the 39 survivors, 30 [76.9%] were Functional Class I [free of symptoms without medication], 7 [17.9%] were Functional Class II and only 2[5.2%] were Functional Class III during the follow up period [653.75 patient-months]. On the basis of this experience, we conclude that coronary artery occlusive disease is occurring in increasing numbers in Korea. Therefore, a concerted effort is needed to detect this disease and to manage the increasing number of patients suffering from it.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2020

Background: We aimed to investigate the associations of critical care provided in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit (CSICU) staffed by an attending intensivist with improvements in intensive care unit (ICU) quality and reductions in postoperative complications. Methods: Patients who underwent elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between January 2007 and December 2012 (the control group) were propensity-matched (1:1) to CABG patients between January 2013 and June 2018 (the intensivist group). Results: Using propensity score matching, 302 patients were extracted from each group. The proportion of patients with at least 1 postoperative complication was significantly lower in the intensivist group than in the control group (17.2% vs. 28.5%, p=0.001). In the intensivist group, the duration of mechanical ventilation (6.4±13.7 hours vs. 13.7±49.3 hours, p=0.013) and length of ICU stay (28.7±33.9 hours vs. 41.7±90.4 hours, p=0.018) were significantly shorter than in the control group. The proportions of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (2.3% vs. 7.6%, p=0.006), delirium (1.3% vs. 6.3%, p=0.003) and acute kidney injury (1.3% vs. 5.3%, p=0.012) were significantly lower in the intensivist group than in the control group. Conclusion: A transition from an open ICU model with trainee coverage to a closed ICU model with attending intensivist coverage can be expected to yield improvements in CSICU quality and reductions in postoperative complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.570-577
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• 2004

관상동맥우회술 후 이식편의 조기 열림을 판정하기 위한 CT 조영술은 비침습적이고 간단하며 안전한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 관상동백 우회술 환자들에서 수술 후 퇴원 전에 CT 조영술을 시행하여 이식편의 조기 열림의 판정에 대한 여부와 영상에 미치는 인자들을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 관상동맥 우회술을 받은 50예에서 수술 후 퇴원 전에 4개의 검출기를 가진 CT기로 조영술을 시행하고 내흉동맥 이식편(50편), 요골동맥편(18편), 대퇴정맥편(56편)의 조영상해로 이식편의 열림을 조사하고 이식편의 조영상태와 문합혈관의 직경, 부행혈류 및 협착정도와의 관계를 분석하였다. 결과: 좌관상동맥계에 문합되는 정맥편(24편, 32문합부)은 모두 잘 조영되었으나, 우관상동백계에 문합된 정맥편(30편, 35문합부) 중 3편 (4.7%)은 CT 조영술에서 조영되지 않았고 대퇴동맥을 통한 침습적인 관상동맥 조영술에서도 폐쇄된 소견을 보였다. 내흉동맥편 중 39편(78%)은 CT 조영술에서 잘 조영되었고 8편(16%)은 일부 좁아지거나 끊기는 불완전한 조영을 보였으며 3편(6%)은 조영되지 않았으나 동맥을 통한 침습적인 관상동맥 조영술에서는 모두 정상적인 열림 소견을 보였다. 결론: 관상동맥조영술 후 CT 조영술에서 조영되지 않는 정맥편은 페쇄를 의미하나, CT조영술에서 조영되지 않는 동맥편은 폐쇄가 아닌 관상동맥과 이식편 사이의 상경혈류 때문에 일어날 수 있으므로 조영이 안 되는 동맥편의 열림을 확인하기 위해서는 침습적인 관상동맥조영술이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 1992

With use of a simple, inexpensive and nonpharmacological program for blood conservation, 24 consecutive patients underwent elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting without need of homologous red cell transfusions and /or fresh frozen plasma transfusions in 16 patients[66.7%]. Left internal mammary artery graftings were done in 18 patients[75%], with supplemental saphenous vein grafts in all. Intraoperatively, autologous heparinized blood was removed before bypass and retransfused at the conclusion of ext-racorporeal circulation. The volume remaining in the oxygenator and tubing set was returned without cell processing or hemofiltration. Using the hard-shell cardiotomy reservoir from the oxygenator, autotransfusion of the shed mediastinal blood was continued hourly by the next early;norning. The mean postoperative mediastinal blood loss was 364$\pm$234ml, whereas 553$\pm$383ml was autotransfused. 4 patients [16.7%] received homologous blood and an additional 4 patients[16.7%] fresh frozen plasma. Thus, in total, 16 patients[66.7%] were not exposed to any homologous blood products during the hospital stay. At discharge, the mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.3$\pm$1.6g /dl. Postoperative complications were few and there was no hospital death.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2006

Unstable angina is a critical phase of coronary heart disease, with widely variable symptoms and prognoses. Recently, despite the advances in surgical revascularization, catheter-based revascularization and medical treatment, an increasing number of patients with angina pectoris are refractory to medical therapy and; therefore, can not be considered as candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting or interventional angioplasty. These patients are often treated with narcotics for pain relief, and forced to severely reduce their levels of activity and productivity. It has become clear that alleviating the pain caused by myocardial ischemia may be possible by altering the sympathetic afferent nerve fibers. Sympathetic blockade can be produced using high thoracic epidural analgesia. Herein, the case of a patient with intractable angina and poor ventricular function, who received high thoracic epidural analgesia to relieve ischemic chest pain, is reported.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2013

A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with aortic root aneurysm and two-vessel coronary disease. Echocardiographic assessment revealed an enlarged sinus of Valsalva 60 mm in diameter with mild aortic regurgitation. Florida sleeve repair was performed using a vascular graft combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. The postoperative course was uncomplicated and follow-up echocardiographic evaluations showed an aortic root diameter of 38 mm without aortic insufficiency up to 1 year after surgery.