• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.112-117
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• 1996

휴식 T1-20l/부하 Tc-99m MIBI 지연 T1-201 심근 SPECT는 관상동맥질환을 진단하는데 87%의 진단 정확성을 보여 기존의 부하/휴식 Tc-99m MIBI SPECT와 비교하여 비슷하거나 더 좋은 성능을 보였다. 이 연구로써 휴식 T1-201/부하 Tc-99m MIBI 심근 SPECT 방법의 관동맥질환 진단성능은 다른 방법들과 비슷함을 확인하였다. 또한 이 방법은 진정한 의미의 휴식기 영상을 얻을 수 있고 휴식기와 부하기 영상사이에 남아있던 방사능으로 인한 오차에서 벗어날 수 있으며 T1-201의 재분포영상과 24시간 지연영상으로부터 지속관류감소 부위의 생존여부에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있고 휴식기 촬영후 바로 부하기 촬영을 하므로 전체 검사시간이 줄어 환자에게 편리하고 효율이 높아, 지연 T1-201 SPECT의 심근 생존능 판별성능이 확인되면 관동맥질환의 진단과 생존심근을 찾는 검사로 유용할 가능성이 있음을 알았다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.895-900
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• 2001

배경 : 심폐바이패스를 하지 않고 심장박동 상태에서 시행하는 관상동맥 우회술(Off-pump Coranary Artery Bypns, OPCAB)은 심장 뒤쪽에 위치한 혈관 문합을 위해서 심첨부를 앞쪽으로 들어 올리는 등 심장의 위치를 변화시켰을 때, 심박출량 감소, 체동맥 혈압 감소, 국소적인 심근 허혈을 심화시켜 심장 기능이 떨어지게 되며 이런 변화는 고위험군 환자에서 심장 뒤쪽에 위치한 혈관문합을 어렵게 한다. 본 연구에서는 고위험군 환자에서 심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥 우회술시 수술 전 대동맥내 풍선펌프 사용의 안전성과 효율성을 밝히고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 2001년 4월까지 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학 교실에서 시행한 OPCAB 300례 중 심장 뒤쪽 혈관의 문합이 필요하였던 189례를 대상으로 하였다. 189명 중 수술 전, 중 대동맥내 풍선펌프 삽입을 시행 받았던 환자 74례(I군, 64례는 수술 전 삽입, 10례는 수술 중 삽입)와 시행 받지 않았던 환자 115 례(II군) 의 임상 결과를 비교하였다. 술 전 대동맥내 풍선펌프 삽입의 적응증으로 심한 좌주 관상동맥 질환( 75% 폐색)이 39례, 지속적인 정맥 내 니트로글리세린과 헤파린의 주입같은 내과적 치료에 반응하지 않는 협심증이 40례, 심박출률이 35% 미만인 좌심실 기능부전이 14례, 최근 4주이내에 급성 심근경색이 있었던 심근 경색후 협심증이7례, 불안정형 협심증이 56례 등이 있었다. 결과 : 평균 원위부 문합수는 I 군이 3.5 0.9, II 군이 3.4 0.9 로 두 군 간에 차이는 없었다. I군에서는 수술 사망은 1명, II 군에서는 2명 있었다. 두 환자군 사이에서 인공호흡기 사용기간, 입원기간 등에 통계적인 차이는 없었으나 중환자실 체류기간은 I 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 길었다. 두 환자군 사이에서 술 후 부정맥, 수술 중, 후 심근경색, 술 후 급성 신부전 등의 합병증의 발생에는 차이가 없었다. 술 후 대동맥내 풍선펌프를 사용한 시간은 평균 6.7$\pm$9.5 이었으며 대동맥내 풍선펌프와 연관된 합병증은 1명에서 발생하였다. 결론 : 저위험군 환자의 수술 성적과 비교를 통하여 술 전 대동맥내 풍선펌프를 삽입한 고위험군 환자에서 수술결과에 유의한 차이가 없음을 증명하였고 고위험군 환자에서 대동맥내 풍선펌프의 사용은 심장 뒤쪽 혈관 문합을 포함한 OPCAB을 가능케 함을 밝혔다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.248-329
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• 2019

Background: Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. Methods: This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors-primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. Results: CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Conclusion: Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2004

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a major branch of Korean Traditional Medicine. The differences of disease susceptibility to be shown in Sasang constitution may be due to genetic factors. Therefore, I examined interrelationship among cerebral infarction (CI), apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene polymorphism, and Sasang constitutional classification. Apo E is a key protein modulating the highly atherogenic apoB containing lipoproteins and is a candidate gene for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The ε2 and/or ε4 alleles were the first to be implicated in premature CAD, which resulted in this polymorphism being extensively studied. I investigated the association between apo E genotype and CI by case-control study in a Korean population. I also classified CI patients and control group into groups according to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 218 CI patients and 379 controls without CI were examined. Apo E genotype was determined by 8% polyacrylamide gel separation after DNA amplification. A frequency of apo E ε3/ε3 in the apo E genotype distribution was higher in the CI patients compared with that in controls. Also, it was widely known that Taeumin was easily attacked with CI, but there was no association between apo E polymorphim and Taeumin. However, the Taeumin constitution did not enhance the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apo E ε2 and/or ε4 alleles. No differences in the apo E genotypes frequencies were observed in the Taeumin compared with that in the other constitutions. In addition, I investigated whether the DD(deletion/deletion) or ID(insertion/deletion) genotype of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, a candidate gene for CI, was associated with CI, Taeumin constitution, and apo E polymorphism. As a result, the frequency of Taeumin constitution was significantly higher in CI patients with both apo E ε3/ε4 and ACE ID/DD genotypes than in the remaining Sasang constitutions. In summary, it was concluded that the apo E polymorphism is a major risk factor for CI in Koreans and the ACE ID/DD genotype enhanced the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apo E ε3/ε4 genotype and Taeumin constitution.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1056-1062
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• 1998

연구배경 : 개심술 후의 부정맥은 빈번하게 발생하는 합병증이며 그 종류도 다양할 뿐 아니라, 수술후 발생하는 부정맥은 심박출량의 저하 등 심각한 결과를 초래할 가능성이 있다. 재료 및 방법 : 본 연구는 이러한 부정맥의 예방과 치료의 방침을 결정하는데 기본적인 자료를 제공하고자 1994년 6월부터 1995년 5월까지 1년간 서울대학교병원 흉부외과에서 개심술을 시행 받은 성인 환자들을 대상으로 술후 부정맥의 양상을 전향적으로 분석하여 위험인자를 유추하였다. 결과 : 총 302명을 대상으로 하였는데, 그 중 남자가 150명이었고 여자는 152명이었으며, 평균 연령은 43.9세 (16세부터 75세까지) 였다. 대상환자 모두 술전 및 술후 표준 12-lead EKG 및 중환자실에서의 24시간 심전도 감시장치로 부정맥을 진단하였으며 수술직후 집중감시병동에서는 동맥혈 가스분석 및 혈중 potassium 농도를 측정하여 이상이 있으면 교정하였고 단순히 산혈증이나 저칼륨혈증에 의한 부정맥은 연구대상에서 제외하였다. 술후 부정맥의 전체 발생률은 58.3%이었는데, 판막 재수술의 경우 부정맥이 77.8%에서 나타났고, 단순 판막 수술, 관상동맥 우회술, 대동맥 수술, 선천성 심기형의 수술후의 부정맥 발생률들은 각각 70.8%, 45.3%, 40.0%, 29.5% 이었다. 연령별 발생은 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 심정지액의 종류도 의미있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 반면에 수술의 종류, 술전 부정맥의 유무, 체외순환 및 대동맥 차단시간, 그리고 술전 시행한 심초음파상의 좌심실 확장기말과 수축기말 내경, 좌심방의 내경 등은 부정맥의 발생률과 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보여주었다 (p< 0.05). 결론 : 향후 질병, 수술방법 등이 균질화된 집단을 선정하여 전향적인 연구를 진행함으로써 개심술후 부정맥의 발생, 치료 및 예방에 관한 보다 정확한 결론에 접근할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.706-716
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• 2005

High blood pressure is an important determinant of the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Recommendations for control of high blood pressure emphasize lifestyle modification, including weight control, reduced sodium intake, increased physical activity. Subjects who were normotensive (n=19, $47.2\pm9.0$ y, BP l16/81 mmHg) ,treatment hypertensive (n=33, $54.2\pm6.9$ y, BP 132/85 mmHg) and non-treatment hypertensive (n=14, $50.1\pm11.0$ y, 149/94 mmHg) recruited. Anthropometric assessment (height weight waist circumference, hip circumference, fat$\%$, fat mass, and lean body mass) and dietary assessments (using 3-days food records, daily nutrient intakes were inuysed by CAN PRO 2.0 were carried out. Blood and 24-hour urine were collected). Test of recognition for salt taste threshold were performed. In non-treatment hypertensive male subjects, weight, $\%$IBW, BMI, and waist circumference were significantly higher than those of normotensive and treatment hypertensive subjects (p<0.05) .Food habits were not significantly different among the three groups. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B,, and vitamin B, were significantly higher in normotensive group (p<0.05). Intakes of sodium and salt taste recognition threshold were the highest in normotensive group and the lowest in treatment hypertensive group (p<0.05). Blood levels of lipids and minerals were not significantly different among the three groups. Urinary calcium level of normotensive group were significantly higher than that of treatment hypertensive and non-treatment hypertensive groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that continuous management of hypertension by drug and non-drug treatment affects salt taste recognition threshold and reduced the consumption of sodium. However, dietary sodium intake exceed recommended sodium intake to prevent and treat hypertension. It is necessary to develop the lifestyle modification program that may have beneficial effects on hypertension treatment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2017

심혈관계 질환은 질환별 사망률 순위에 있어서 세계에서는 1위이며, 우리나라에서는 2위인 질병이다. 심혈관계 질환 발생의 주 위험 요인인 콜레스테롤은 HMG-CoA reductase에 의해 간에서 신생합성이 조절된다. 현재 고콜레스테롤혈증 치료에 statin이 널리 사용되고 있지만 광범위한 부작용이 보고되고 있어서 이를 대체하거나 보조할 수 있는 천연물 유래의 기능성 물질 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 혈장 콜레스테롤 감소 활성을 가지는 물질을 발굴하고자 71종의 페놀 및 그와 관련된 화합물들을 대상으로 10ug/ml 농도에서 HMG-CoA reductase 저해 활성을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, 1,4-naphthoquinone의 HMG-CoA reductase 저해율이 99.4%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 plumbagin 91.4%, pentagalloyl ${\beta}-D-glucose$ 46.6%, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid 40.9%, shikonin 37.7%, 1,2-naphthoquinone 36.6%, trans-cinnamic acid 32.0%, acetonylgeraniin 30.2%, benzoic acid 28.5%, geraniin 28.3%, gentisic acid 22.3%의 순이었다. $IC_{50}$값을 계산한 결과, 1,4-naphthoquinone가 $2.1{\mu}g/ml$로 가장 낮았으며, plumbagin과 pentagalloyl ${\beta}-D-glucose$은 각각 $5.8{\mu}g/ml$과 $13.1{\mu}g/ml$으로 나타났다. 1,4-naphthoquinone과 plumbagin의 경우, $5{\mu}g/ml$에서도 각각 90.3%와 43.3%의 저해율을 나타내었다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.314-317
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of Patlak tool on GE PET workstation for quantitative analysis of dynamic PET images in cardiac patients. Three patients including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and angina were studied. All subjects underwent dynamic cardiac PET scan using a GE Advance scanner. After 10 min transmission scan for attenuation correction using two rotating $\^$68/Ge rod sources, three patients with cardiac disease were performed dynamic cardiac PET scan after the administration of approximately 370 MBq of FDG. The dynamic scan consisted of 36 frames with variable frame length (12${\times}$10s, 6${\times}$20s, 6${\times}$60s, 12${\times}$300s) for a total time of 70 min. Blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma substrate concentration. Region of interest of circular and rectangular shape to acquire input functions and tissue data were placed on left ventricle and myocardium. A value of 0.67 was used for lumped constant. Mean plasma substrate concentrations for three patients were 100 mg/dl (CAD), 100 mg/dl (MI), 132 mg/dl (angina), respectively. Regional MMRGlc values (mean${\pm}$SD) at lateral myocardium area for CAD, MI, and angina were 8.43${\pm}$0.24, 4.08${\pm}$0.16, and 6.15${\pm}$0.23 mg/min/100ml, respectively. Patlak tool on GE PET workstation appeared to be useful for quantitative analysis of dynamic PET images in cardiac patients, although further studies may be required for absolute quantitation.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2004

In this study, we examined the effects of dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol (DG) compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TG) oil on the postprandial response of total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA). This study was conducted using a cross-over design. Ninety subjects participated in the high-fat meal tolerance test where they were randomly assigned to consume two experimental sandwiches containing mayonnaise with TG or DG oil with a seven-day interval. Blood samples were collected before ingestion and at 2, 3, 4 and 6 hr time point after ingestion and analyzed for total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, FFA and phospholipid fatty acid composition. Both TG and DG ingestion had similar effects on postprandial TG response, but a different response from chylomicron TG. Compared with the TG group, TG levels were significantly lower only at 6 hr time point in the DG group. On the other hand, chylomicron TG rose steeply at 2 hr time point and decreased faster in this group. Also, the adjusted value to fasting levels was the same as the unadjusted level. Fasting levels and net differences in insulin were significantly lower at 3 hr time point where chylomicron TG levels were significantly lower in the DG group. But those of glucose and FFA in the TG and DG groups did not differ significantly. Fasting and postprandial levels of fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids in the two groups did not differ significantly. In conclusion, this study indicated that one could reduce the magnitude of postprandial lipemia without influencing glucose metabolism by consumning DG oil as a substitute for TG oil. Based on the correlation of coronary artery disease and postprandial lipemia, dietary DG ingestion might have a beneficial effect in treating such a disease. Further studies are required to clarify the long-tenn effects of dietary DG on blood lipid levels in humans.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.560-570
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• 2000

This study is aimed at developing a cardiac rehabilitation program and enlightening the effects of the program on patient's health behavior compliance, cardiovascular functional capacity, and quality of life. Using a quasi-experimental approach the nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest design was accepted for this study. The subjects of this study consisted of 55 patients with ischemic heart disease at the Cardiac Center of 'G' Hospital located in Inchon from May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999. The patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which participated in the cardiac program with 30 patients and 25 patients of a control group were not involved in the program. There were two phases in the cardiac rehabilitation program: the first phase was a team approach education. It focused on reducing the risk of ischemic heart problems. The second phase was individual training by using a home based exercise program, which was comprised of 8 weeks, three sessions per week, 40-60 minutes per session, and followed by consultation. Every session involved 20-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 40-60% of heart rate reserve, 11∼13 RPE and 10 minutes of warm-up and 10 minutes of cool-down exercises. The experimental tools for the study were the health behavior compliance scale developed by Lee, Yoon-hee (1992), and quality of life scale developed by McGirr et al.(1990). RPPsubmax were measured by the treadmill. The collected data was processed by SPSS and analyzed by χ²test and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The health behavior compliance in experimental group was significantly increased (t=5.091, p=.000) when compared to the control group. 2. RPPsubmax also decreased significantly in the experimental group when compared to the control group(t=-2.109, p=.040). 3. The quality of life significantly improved in the experimental group (t=3.853, p=.000) as compared to the control group. As the above results of this study revealed, the effectiveness of the cardiac rehabilitation program of the study was confirmed. It increased the health behavior compliance for reducing the risk of further coronary events, enhanced the cardiovascular functional capacity, and eventually improved the patient's quality of life.