• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to compare chemical composition, TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at different harvesting time and obtained the following results. 1. In both cropping systems, the content of chemical composition of forage were changed same pattern in growing stage. The content of crude protein in corn-soybean intercropping forage at yellow stage increased more than that of corn nonocropping forage, while the crude fat in corn monocropping forage plants increased than that of corn-soybean intercropping forage plants at mature stage. 2. The crude fiber, crude ash, ADF content of forage plants in both cropping system decreased same pattern in growing period, however, NFE content of forage increased with maturity. 3. TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at yellow stage obtained similar results and TDN yield per 10a in intercropping and monocropping were 1006.lkg and 978.6kg, respectively. 4. Consequently, corn-soybean interaopping system could be increased crude protein yield without decreasing of dry matter yield in comparison with corn monocropping system for corn silage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

Corn is basal forage for livestock species in Republic of Korea but it lacks protein and needs nitrogenous fertilizer. This study was designed with main objective to achieve optimum growth, yield & nutritive value of forage for livestock through implementing corn-soybean intercropping strategy at 17 different places under Korean condition. Two treatments; corn as monocrop (control treatment) and corn-soybean intercrop were compared under Randomized Block Design from $28^{th}$ May to $8^{th}$ October, 2015. Each treatment had three replicates in each block, whereas seventeen different places were considered as blocks. Data were analyzed through SAS-9.1.3 software. Difference between two treatment means was tested through T-test. Findings depicted that intercropping pattern could not influence (P>0.05) corn plant & ear height, corn lodged stalk No. and corn stalks number. However, corn-soybean intercropping enhanced (P<0.05) forage productivity in terms of total fresh yield ($16.4{\pm}0.7^b$ vs. $19.9{\pm}0.7^atons\;ha^{-1}$), total dry matter yield ($5.38{\pm}0.25^b$ vs. $6.41{\pm}0.31^atons\;ha^{-1}$) and total digestible nutrients yield ($3.94{\pm}0.17^b$ vs. $4.59{\pm}0.21^atons\;ha^{-1}$). Dry matter percentage in corn stalks and corn ears was not different (P>0.05) between two treatments. It was concluded that corn-soybean intercropping strategy was promising technique in enhancing forage productivity though positive symbiotic relation between two crops.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

In attempt to avoid crop damage through wild bird's picking, this study was designed with aim to evaluate several pre-sowing soybean seed coatings for optimum yield in corn-soybean mixed forage. It was investigated under four cropping treatments, viz. 1) corn sole, 2) corn mixed with soybean without any coating, 3) corn with iron coated soybean and 4) corn with thiram coated soybean. Each treatment had three replicates and corn sole was control treatment. Pioneer (P1184) and crossbred ($PI483463{\times}Hutcheson$) seeds were used for corn and soybean, respectively. The trial was conducted under randomized block design from $5^{th}$ June to $23^{rd}$ September, 2015. Data were an alyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS9.1.3 software. Results depicted that survivability of soybean against wild birds damage was found better (p<0.05) in thiram coating which was higher than iron coating and control treatment but later on thiram coating had adverse effects on subsequent growth of soybean plants. Corn stalk height was decreased (p<0.05) in thiram coating, whereas corn ear height was reduced in iron coating treatment. Iron coating enhanced (p<0.05) height of soybean plant (p<0.05) better than that of thiram coating. Soybean seed coatings didn't influence dry matter yield and nutritive value in terms of total digestible nutrients yield in corn soybean mixed forage. Conclusively, although presowing thiram coating enhanced survivability of soybean plants against wild bird damage but had adverse effects on its subsequent growth. However, soybean seed coatings didn't influence yield and nutritive value of corn soybean intercropping forage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate different herbicides in corn-soybean intercropping for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of forage under Korean environment conditions. Herbicidal treatments were randomly applied over five plots, viz. (1) Control treatment: no herbicide; (2) Alachlor; (3) Simazine; (4) Pendimethalin and (5) Mixture of alachlor and simazine herbicides in RCBD have three replications. Results depicted that treated herbicides exhibited significant effect over control of weeds. Simazine herbicide alone or mixed with alachlor had adverse effects on soybean but enhanced (p<0.05) corn production in terms of survivability, dry matter and digestible nutrients yield. Corn-soybean coupling and total dry matter yield were greater (p<0.05) in pendimethalin. Simazine-alachlor mixture reduced (p<0.05) soybean height. Conclusively, simazine could not be suitable for corn soybean intercropping because of having an adverse effect on soybean component. Pendimethalin could maintain growth and yield of corn and soybean both components. Effect of alachlor was comparable to that of pendimethalin.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 1990

Although corn is regarded as the most feasible forage corp, its relatively low content of protein is the critical we a kness for animal feeding. Many researches have been carried out to improve protein level in corn forage, however, there are no indicatable results but corn-legume intercropping. Plot test and proximate analysis were fullfill to compare dry matter yield and available nutrients of silage corn mono-culture system with those of corn-legume intercropping system of forage plant and silage. The MO culture system were observed by two stage of maturity, milk stage (Aug. 3), yellow stage (Aug. 24), and obtained following results. 1. Dry matter yields per 10 a at milk stage in corn mono-culture system was 596.2kg and corn-legume intercropping systems were 609.0 kg (corn-cowpea), 591.0 kg (corn-soybean) and 563.1 kg (corn-frenchbean), respectively. And comparable to them, 1508.9 kg (corn mono.), 1482.8 kg (corn-cowpea), 1482.6 kg (cornsoybean), 1379.1 kg (corn-frenchbean) were harvested at yellow stage. 2. The general trends of chemical composition by stages of maturity in corn mono-culture systems were higher than that of corn-legume intercropping system. 3. Crude protein content in corn-legume silages were significantly higher than corn mono-culture at yellow stage, except corn-frenchbean intercropping system. 4. Crude fiber content in corn-legume silage was higher than corn mono-culture silage harvested at yellow stage. 5. Consequently, corn-legume intercropping improved nutritional quality of silage than that of corn-monocultivated silage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 1988

The growth characteristics and yield per unit area of two cropping systems, corn monoculture and 'wrnsoybean intercropping, were compared and the obtained results were as follows; 1.The two cultivation systems were not significantly different in leaf length, leaf width and length of internode at harvesting time. 2.The weight of stalk and the leaves of a plant were decreased with maturity, while the weight of ear was markedly increased. The patterns of relative ratio of each components were essentialy same in each cultivation systems. In corn monoculture, the percentages of stalk, leaf, and ear at final harvesting stage were 22.9, 13.7, and 63.4 and in corn-soybean intercropping, they were 21.8, 10.9, and 67.3 respectively. 3.Dry matter yield per unit area (kg/lOa) of intercropped corn at yellow stage was similar to that of monocultured corn (1, 483 kg/ 10a vs 1, 509 kg/ 10a). At ripe stage, however, the dry matter yield of intercropped plant was more than that of monocultured (1, 679 vs 1, 660 kg/ 10a). 4.The same pattern was observed in organic matter yield.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.1.1-1.6
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• 2018

Background: Maize fodder is being used as staple feed for livestock but it lacks protein and essential amino acids; lysine and tryptophan. Intercropping maize with leguminous soybean crop is promising technique under limited land resources of South Korea but it can only give considerable advantages when adequate distance is provided between corn and soybean rows. Main aim of present study was to find-out adequate distance between corn and soybean seeding rows for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of intercropped forage. Methods: Different interrow distances between corn and soybean were evaluated under four treatments, viz. 1) Corn sole as positive control treatment 2) Zero cm between corn and soybean (control); 2) Five cm between corn and soybean; 3) 10 cm between corn and soybean, with three replicates under randomized block design. Results: Findings depicted that height and number of corn stalks and ears were similar (P > 0.05) among different treatments. Numerically average corn ear height was decreased at zero cm distance. Dry matter percentage in all components; corn stalk, corn ear and soybean was also found not different (P > 0.05) but dry matter yield in component of corn ear was lower (P < 0.05) at zero cm distance as compared to that of 5 and 10 cm interrow distances. In case of nutritive value, total digestible nutrient yield in intercropped corn was also found lower (P < 0.05) at zero cm distance than that of 5 and 10 cm interrow distances between corn and soybean seeding rows. Substantial decrease in dry matter yield of maize ear at zero cm distance might be attributed to factor of closed interrow spacing which made interplant competition more intensified for light interception, necessary for photosynthetic activity. Lower dry matter yield in ear also reduced total digestible nutrients in intercropped maize because it was determining factor in calculation of digestible nutrients. The optimum yield and nutritive value of forage at wider interrow distance i.e. 5 cm between corn and soybean might be due to adequate interseed distance. Conclusion: Conclusively, pattern of corn and soybean seeding in rows at 5 cm distance was found suitable which provided adequate interrow distance to maintain enough mutual cooperation and decreased competition between both species for optimum production performance and nutritive value of intercropped forage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the effect of corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L.) silage prepared by intercropping method on the nutritive value of the silage, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, dry matter degradability, as well as milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows. In a couple of experiments intercropped corn-soybean silage (CSBS) was compared with corn silage (CS) and/or Italian ryegrass hay (IRG). Numerically, CSBS had higher crude protein, ether extract, and lactic acid contents compared to CS. In vitro rumen fermentation analysis demonstrated that up to a 24-h incubation period, both CS and CSBS showed higher total gas production, ammonia N concentration, and dry matter degradability compared to IRG (p<0.05). The investigation on animals was conducted in a commercial dairy farm located in Gyeongju, South Korea, employing 42 Holstein cows that were divided into 2 group treatments: CS and CSBS in a completely randomized design. Although no significant difference was observed in milk yield, animals fed on CSBS showed significantly higher milk protein (p<0.05) and milk fat content (p<0.01), compared to animals fed on CS. Taken together, our findings indicate that corn-soybean silage that is cultivated, harvested, and prepared through intercropping can improve the protein content of the silage, and can also enhance in vitro rumen fermentation, dry matter degradability, and performance of dairy cattle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate different herbicides for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of corn-soybean mixed forage under randomized complete block design. The experimental site was selected and divided equally into 3 blocks. Each block was further divided into 5 plots that each plot had 15 square meter space ($3{\times}5$). Five herbicidal treatments were randomly applied over 5 plots and herbicides were used under 5 herbicidal treatments, viz. 1) No herbicide (control); 2) Pendimethalin; 3) Linuron; 4) S-metolachlor and 5) Ethalfluralin. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA through SAS 9.1.3 software. The results indicated that growth characteristics were not influenced (p > 0.05) by any herbicide. However, arithmetically corn stalk height was highest in the field of Pendimethalin treatment, whereas highest soybean height was found in the field of S-metolachlor. Arithmetically dry matter (DM) yield was increased with herbicidal treatments as compared to that of control treatment. Relatively highest DM yield (130%) was recorded in the treatment of Ethalfluralin followed by Pendimethalin (126%), S-metolachlor (126%) and Linuron (108%) as compared to that of control treatment. The weed emergence was significantly reduced in all herbicidal treatments as compared to that of control (p > 0.05), but the difference among herbicidal treatments was non-significant. It was concluded that weed emergence can be effectively controlled by use of any tested herbicide. However, optimum DM yield can be achieved through using herbicides; Ethalfluralin, Pendimethalin and S-metolachlor.