• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2001

'Chalok 1/Cooktail 51' corns, supersweet corn gene controlled by either brittle-l (bt l) or shrunken-2(sh2) gene introduced into waxy corn, showed agronomic characteristics between supersweet corn and waxy corn. The ears were harvested at different development stages from 15 to 35 days after silking (DAS). Ear diameter of Cocktail 51 and 'Cocktail 51'/Chalok 1 increased from 15 DAS to 30 DAS and little increased thereafter, but that of Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 and 'Chalok l' increased until 35 DAS. Diameter of ear extension increased more in Cocktail 51 and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 corn than Chalok 1. Ear fresh weight of Cocktail 51 decreased later 30 DAS but those of the other hybrids were vice versa. Rate of super-sweet kernels per ear of Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 corns was about 38 %. Development, and elongation of kernel were much more prominent in supersweet kernel than in waxy kernel, but fresh weight increased higher in waxy kernel than supersweet kernel. Moisture content in kernel decreased from 15 DAS to 35 DAS. Total sugar content of the kernel increased until 25 DAS, and that of Cocktail 51 kernel showed the highest among of them. After cooked by steam, flavor and mastication feeling rate cooked by steam of Cocktail 51 and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 were increased from 15 DAS to 25 DAS and markedly decreased thereafter. But those of Chalok l/Cocktail 51 and, Chalok 1 were decreased after 30 DAS. These results suggested that the optimum harvest date for fresh supersweet corn (Cocktail 51), Cocktail 51/Chalok 1 seems to be about 20 DAS and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 and waxy com (Chalok 1) was about 25 DAS.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.197-200
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• 1999

In order to get abundant germplasm for develop- ing new corn varieties, major morphological characteristics of ear were evaluated with a total of 210 Korean indigenous maize lines collected from various parts of Pusan City and Kyungnam Province, Korea. The ear shape of Korean indigenous maize was mainly cone type or similar to cone type. Cylinder type or similar to cylinder type of corn was collected from the north-west mountainous. region of Kyungnam Province, whereas cone type or similar to cone type was collected from the plain region. In the kernel colors of each ear, ears with mono colored kernels were 55.7% of the total, and ears with two to four mixed colors were 44.3%. Among the mono colored ears, brown was the most abundant at 16.8%. There was an average of 12∼14 rows per ear. Kernal rows per ear varied from 8∼20. Waxy corn was predominant at 67.2%, mixed corn with waxy kernel and common kernel at 11.0%, and common corn at 21.8%.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1998

Receptivity of corn silk to pollen decreases with time. For effective pollination, it is important to study the receptivity of corn silks in relation to time elapsed after their emergence. Two commercial corn hybrids, 'Kwanganog' and 'Suwon 19', were tested for their silk growth and effects of delayed pollination on kernel development for 1 to 13 days after emergence of the first silk. Silks elongated rapidly for the first 3 days and then gradually decreased. Silks grew more than 30mm per day for the first 3 days and stopped growing on the 11 or 12th day after emergence of the first silk. Filled ear length decreased slowly for the first 8 days, and then decreased rapidly. Similar trends were observed for number of kernel rows and number of kernels per row or ear. The highest numbers of kernels per row or ear were observed when plants were pollinated 2-4 days after silking. These numbers decreased gradually up to 8 days, and then decreased sharply. This result indicates that 8 day-delayed pollination has no influence on kernel development. There were negative correlations between silk length and ear characteristics except kernel weight. Silk growth rate was positively correlated with filled ear length, row number, and kernel number. It might be assumed that delayed pollination by one week after the first silk emerged would not affect on kernel set.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.215-228
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• 1977

양질 옥수수 육성을 위한 우량한 유전자원을 공급하기 위하여 전국적으로 수집한 총 948개의 재래종 옥수수 이삭에 대하여 주요 형태적 특성을 조사하였던바, 다음과 같은 몇가지 결과를 얻었다. 1) 이삭형태 : 한국 재래종 옥수수의 이삭형태는 IV형 II형 III형 I형의 순으로 구성되었으며, 옥수수의 주산지인 북동부 산악지대에서는 원통형 내지는 원통형에 가까운 형태의 이삭이 많았고, 옥수수가 소규모로 재배되고 있는 남부 평야지대에서는 원추형 내지는 원추형에 가까운 형태의 이삭이 많았다. 2) 입색 : 전국 10개 지역에서 수집된 모든 재래종 옥수수 이삭 가운데서 단색립을 가진 이삭이 54.4%, 가지 색갈의 입색이 혼합된 이삭이 39.0%이없고 세가지 이상의 입색을 가진 이삭이 6.6%이었다. 북부산간지대에서는 이삭의 색갈은 백색혹은 백색과 다른 색갈이 혼합된 것이 많았고, 그 밖의 다른 지역에서는 이삭이 색갈이 노란색 혹은 노란색과 다른 색갈이 혼합된 것이 많았다. 3) 마치성 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수 가운데 불과 4.3%만이 마치종 이었고 나머지는 경립종이었다. 마치종은 외국 옥수수 품종이 도입된 북부 지방에서 수집되었다. 4) 이삭열수 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수의 이삭열수는 12열 내지 16열이 대부분이었고, 수집된 지역에 따라 분류된 이삭열수 사이에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 여하튼, 이삭열수는 입의 크기에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 예를 들면, 이삭열수가 24개나 되는 이삭의 입은 그 크기가 매우 작았다. 5) 입질 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수의 70.9%가 경질립이었고, 연질립은 26.0% 그리고 중간형이 3.1%이었다. 옥수수의 주산지인 A지역과 I지역에서 경질 옥수수가 더 많이 수집 되었다. 6) 폭열종과 찰옥수수 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수를 보면 폭열종 옥수수는 I지역(울릉도)를 제외하고는 고르게 분포되어 있었고, 찰옥수수는 북부 산간지방에서 많았다. 7) 이삭길이 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수의 평균 이삭길이는 13cm이었고, A지역과 I지역에서 수집된 옥수수의 길이가 다른 지방의 것보다 길었다. 8) 이삭직경 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수의 평균 이삭직경은 3.3cm이었고, A지역과 I지역에서 수집된 옥수수의 이삭직경이 다른 지방의 것보다 컸다. 9) 입길이, 입폭, 입깊이 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수의 평균 입길이, 입폭, 입깊이는 각각 0.82cm, 0.42cm 그리고 0.78cm 이었다. A 지역과 I 지역에서 수집된 옥수수의 입의 다른 지역에서 수집된 옥수수의 입보다 컷다. 10) 이삭 무게 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수의 평균 이삭무게는 평균 58.04gr 이었으며 A 지역과 I 지역에서 수집된 것이 현저히 무거웠다. 가장 무거운 이삭의 무게는 330gr 이었고 가장 가벼운 이삭의 무게는 5gr 이었다. 11) 이삭당 입중 및 100입중 : 수집된 재래종 옥수수의 이삭당 입중은 평균 47.07gr 이었고 100입중은 평균 15.07gr 이었다. 이삭당 입중 및 100입중은 A 지역과 I 지역에서 수집된 것이 더 무거웠다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1521-1521
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• 2001

The objective of the research being presented was to construct and calibrate a spectrometer for the analysis of single kernels of corn. In light of the difficulties associated with capturing the spatial variability in composition of corn kernels by single-beam spectrometry, a hyperspectral imaging spectrometer was constructed with the intention that it would be used to analyze single kernels of corn for the prediction of moisture and oil content. The spectrometer operated in the range of 750- 1090 nanometers. After evaluating four methods of standardizing the output from the spectrometer, calibrations were made to predict whole-kernel moisture and oil content from the hyperspectral image data. A genetic algorithm was employed to reduce the number of wavelengths imaged and to optimize the calibrations. The final standard errors of prediction during cross-validation (SEPCV) were 1.22% and 1.25% for moisture and oil content, respectively. It was determined, by analysis of variance, that the accuracy and precision of single-kernel corn analysis by hyperspectral imaging is superior to the single kernel reference chemistry method (as tested).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

This study was carried out to identify the characteristics of 37 corn hybrids, which composed with 18 yellow colored kernel, 9 purple colored kernel, 8 white colored kernel. Days to silking of three colored waxy corn hybrids ranged from 61 to 73 days after sowing as midium-late ecotype. Ear length of hybrids ranged from 10.3 to 22.7 cm, and among them a total 22 waxy corn hybrids including CNU038 showed over 20 cm in ear length. The fresh weight per ear ranged from 58 to 289 g as the 32.9% of large coefficient of variance. In there results, we found yellow colored waxy corn hybrids showed relatively longer in ear length and heavier in fresh weight per ear compare to other colored waxy corn hybrids. In correlation relationships, plant height, ear height, stem diameter, ear length and ear weight showed positive correlation between themselves, while tip filling ratio did negative correlation with silking stage, plant height, ear length, ear weight and kernel thickness. Also, 100 kernel weight did positive correlation between traits related to ear and kernel.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.761-768
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• 2016

Recently, swine production costs have increased due to increased feed cost, especially the price of corn and soybean meals. Soybean meal is traditionally an expensive ingredient, but the price of corn has dramatically increased because of increased biofuel production. This change has resulted in the swine industry looking for alternatives in order to reduce feed cost, resulting in decreased production costs. Thus, various alternatives have been used as feed ingredients to replace corn, soybean meal, or other expensive ingredients. One othercandidate may be palm kernel co-products that are a by-product of oil extraction from palm fruits. Palm kernel co-products have not been used in swine diets due to high fiber content and imbalanced amino acids compared with corn and soybean meal. However, recent studies showed that palm kernel co-products did not have any negative effects on growth performance of pigs when they replaced some proportions of corn and soybean meal. In addition, palm kernel co-products may provide some physiological properties to pigs by modifying gut microbiota and/or immunity of pigs, resulting in improvement of growth and health of pigs. Therefore, the value of palm kernel co-products were reviewed as one of the alternatives for corn, soybean meal, or other major ingredients in swine diets.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 간식용 풋옥수수로 이용되는 찰옥수수 주요 품종인 찰옥 4호와 일미찰을 2기작 재배하여 품질 좋은 찰옥수수 생산을 위한 재배법을 확립하고자 이삭과 종실 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 2기작 재배시 출사일수는 후기작이 전기작 보다 약 20일 정도 빨라졌고, 출사에서 수확적기까지는 약 10일 정도 느려졌다. 파종에서 출사까지의 적산온도는 약 $1,380{\sim}1,420^{\circ}C$, 출사에서 수확까지는 약 $590{\sim}630^{\circ}C$ 정도 범위였다. 이삭무게와 이삭직경은 출사 후 일수가 경과함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였으나 파종시기에 따른 차이는 없었고, 이삭길이와 착립길이는 후기작에서 유의하게 짧았다(p<0.05). 알곡 줄수는 파종시기에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았고, 줄당 립수는 찰옥 4호가 전기작보다 후기작에 재배한 것이 적었으며 변이폭이 컸다(p<0.05). 등숙 중 종실의 길이, 너비, 두께와 100립 생체중, 전분함량은 출사후 일수에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 후기작 재배시 저온 등숙으로 전기작 보다 100립 생체중과 전분함량의 증가속도가 느려졌다. 찰옥수수의 전분립은 과피와 가까운 배유의 상단부터 집적되기 시작하여 출사 후 일수가 경과함에 따라 배유 내부까지 집적되었으며, 후기작 재배한 찰옥수수는 전분립 축적속도가 느리고 조밀하지 않은 것이 관찰되었다. 100립 생체중은 springiness($0.80^{***}$), cohesiveness($0.44^{***}$), adhesiveness($-0.80^{***}$), chewiness($0.55^{***}$), 전분함량은 springiness($0.79^{***}$), adhesiveness($-0.81^{***}$), chewiness($0.49^{**}$)와 고도로 유의한 정의 상관을 나타내었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2000

Germination of sweet and super sweet corn is lower than normal corn due to the higher sugar and lower starch contents of kernels. Sweet corn seeds are easily deteriorated in the field under the unfavorable condition, therefore it is important to identify the optimal harvesting time for seed production. This trial was conducted to investigate the responses of germination percentage of shrunken-2(sh2), brittle(bt), sugary(su), and sugary enhancer(se) hybrids in relation to harvesting dates. Eight hybrids of four different gene sweet corns were harvested at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 days after silking(DAS). Germination test was performed using paper towel method. Mean germination percentages across eight hybrids showed the highest value at 45 DAS. There were significant differences among genes and within gene for germination. Shrunken-2 hybrid Mecca was higher than su hybrids for germination, indicating that sh2 would not be poorer than su Late harvesting beyond the optimal harvesting date might not be desirable because of more lodging and ear rots. Theoretical optimal harvesting date estimated from the regression equation was 40.9 DAS, however, practical date for harvesting would be a few days later than the estimated date if seedling vigor might be considered. Kernel dry weight per ear showed similar response to germination. Regression equation showed the highest kernel dry weight at 40.7 DAS. Significant correlations between kernel dry weight and germination were observed, impling that kernel dry matter accumulation would be an important factor for germination.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2019

본 연구는 식용옥수수 풋이삭의 식감의 결정에 영향을 미치는 과피의 두께를 측정하는 방법을 규명하기 위하여 과피 시료의 준비 방법에 따른 과피 두께의 차이와 등숙 시기별 과피 두께의 변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1. 찰옥수수와 초당옥수수 각 3품종의 시료를 수확 직후 생옥수수(생시료) 알곡을 바로 측정하거나 상온의 음지에서 완전(건조시료) 건조시키거나 $-4^{\circ}C$로 냉동시킨 후 과피를 측정하였다. 2. 시료 준비 방법과 등숙 시기에 따른 삼원 교호작용의 유의성이 인정되어 어느 한 요인에 대한 일반적인 결론을 도출하기 보다는 각 시료 준비 방법과 특정 등숙 시기에 따른 과피 두께의 비교를 수행하였다. 3. 초당옥수수는 건조시료에서 등숙이 진행됨에 따라 비교적 안정된 과피 두께 측정값을 얻을 수 있었으며 찰옥수수는 비해 모든 시료 준비 방법에서 초당옥수수보다 안정된 값을 보였다. 특히 풋찰옥수수 수확 적기인 수정 후 24일경에는 시료 준비 방법에 따른 차이는 크게 나타나지 않을 것으로 기대된다.