• Acta Via Serica
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-82
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• 2022

The Hebrew word for silk, meshi, is mentioned in the Bible only once and there is a possibility that the item to which it referred was made of local wild silk. Although Jewish historical sources from the Roman and Byzantine periods mention silk many times, only a few silk textiles have been discovered at a sited dated to the Byzantine period (4^th-7^th centuries CE). The word "silk" occurs in the New Testament, although only once. A turning point in the history of the Negev (Southern Israel) occurred around 400 CE when it underwent a period of prosperity related to the advent of Christianity and pilgrimage, which enabled the purchase of imported silk textiles. The Early Islamic period (7-8th centuries CE) yielded four (out of 310) silk textiles from Nahal 'Omer on the Spice Routes joining Petra, in the Edom Mountains of modern Jordan, and the mercantile outlets on the Mediterranean Sea, notably Gaza and El Arish. The most important silk textile assemblage in the Southern Levant was found near Jericho at Qarantal Cave 38 and dates to the medieval period (9th-13th centuries CE). Linen textiles decorated with silk tapestry originating in Egypt date back to the 10-11th centuries CE. Mulham textiles - silk warp with hidden cotton wefts - were discovered in the medieval fortress on Jazirat Fara'un (Coral Island) in the Red Sea, 14 kilometers south of Elat and today located in Egypt. Mulham is mentioned in literary sources of the ninth century in Iraq and Iran, whence it spread through the Islamic world. The article will present aspects of the origin, transmission, and exchange of these textiles.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2003

Two new species of the genus Orecturus are described os associates of octocorals in Cheju Island, Korea. Orecturus longicaudatus n. sp. associated with a gorgonacean coral differs from its congeners by having a large body and a long anal somite. Orecturus similis n. sp., associated with an alcyonacean coral, is similar to O. excavatus but can be distinguished from it by possessing a single seta on the second segment of maxilla, the terminal claw of maxilliped which is evenly tapering, and the different ornamentation in legs 1 and 4.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2008

Soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (Verrill, 1864) is a conspicuous species dominating shallow sea waters of Jejudo Island, Korea. Recently its whole mitochondrial genome sequencing was completed by us and the sequence information provided an opportunity to test the age of Octocorallia and time of evolutionary separation between some representative orders of the subclass Octocorallia. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 13 mitochondrial protein encoding genes revealed a polyphyletic relationship among octocorallians representing two orders (Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea) and four families (Alcyoniidae, Nephtheidae, Briareidae, and Gorgoniidae). Estimates of divergence times among octocorallians indicate that the first splitting might occur around end of or after Cretaceous period (50-79 million years ago (Ma)). The age is relatively young compared to the long history of stony sea corals (>240 Ma). Taken together our result suggests a possible relatively recent radiating evolution at least in the order Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea. Molecular dating and phylogenetic analysis based on much broader taxon sampling and many genes might give an insight into this interesting hypothesis.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.463-466
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• 2006

During Mid October of 2005 a mass mortality of the corals occurred surrounding Con Dao Islands (South Vietnam) where is the recognized as one of the most famous marine parks of Vietnam. Results from the field survey in October 2005 showed that the mass mortality of corals and benthos focused only on the North-West of the islands whereas there was almost no death recorded in the South - East parts. Based on field data it was assumed that an overlap between high water temperature ($>30^{\circ}C$) and low salinity (<25%o) during short term was the impact causing the situation. In this paper, we try to explain this phenomenon based on the hydrographical view together with analyzing ocean colour images. A coral bleaching warning system also is proposed for Condao site.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2015

After the reversion of Okinawa (Ryukyu Islands) to Japan in 1972, extensive urban and agricultural development resulted in a significant increase in sediment discharge to coastal waters. The release of sediment has caused the degradation of freshwater and coastal ecosystems and biodiversity. A consideration for catchment-to-reef continua, as well as agricultural (socioeconomic) factors is necessary to establish proper land-based management plans for the conservation of the island environment. We have set up a framework to integrate biophysics and socioeconomics: 1) setting a conservation target and threshold, 2) identifying the sources and processes, and 3) examining cost-effectiveness and management priorities. The framework may be applicable to other tropical and subtropical islands with similar characteristics.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2008

Mortality and growth rate of the soft coral, Dendronephthya gigantea, from Jejudo Island on the southern coast of Korea were investigated from February 2003 to October 2004 using SCUBA diving. 48 individuals with variable sizes of D. gigantea of the depth of 15m were tagged with flagging tapes and plastic films, and then monitored with two month intervals. The average mortality of two-month term for the study period was 50.4%, with the peak of 84.6% during the summer storms in August - October 2003. About the size class mortality, individuals of size class I(${\leq}$10 cm) showed the highest mortality, followed by size class III(>20 cm) and size class II(10 cm-20 cm). Growth rate did not show a seasonal pattern. For growth in length, individuals of D. gigantea grew about 3cm in average for two-month period, with a maximum growth of 6.4 cm which occurred in August - October 2003. For growth in diameter, individuals grew about 0.3 cm for 2 month term, with a maximum of 1.4cm in April - June 2004. Individuals of size class I usually grew faster than those of larger size classes. D. gigantea population in Jejudo Island was strongly affected by summer storms, which was due to annual event of summer typhoon. Never the less, it appears that the local population can be maintained by fast growth of the juvenile stage and active recruitment to compensate the high mortality caused by the summer disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_1
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• pp.1125-1133
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• 2021

This study attempted to understand seawater characteristics like chlorophyll concentration (CHL), total suspended matter concentration (TSM), absorption characteristics, and remote sensing reflectance around Weno Island, Micronesia, located in the South Pacific Ocean near the equator. 50 in-situ measurement from May to June 2013 were analyzed and compared with data from around Korean peninsula. CHL around Weno Island was 0.11-0.49 mg/m³ (average 0.26 mg/m³), and TSM was 0.03-0.31 g/m³, (average 0.16 g/m³), showing typical clear water characteristics. Absorption coefficient of total suspended matters at 443 nm showed over 0.5 times less than that from East Sea and the slope of absorption coefficient spectrum of dissolved organic matter showed much larger than that of Korean peninsula, indicating the concentration of organic matter is very low and dissolved organic matter of marine origin is considered to be the main component in the study area. As a result of comparing the remote sensing reflectance spectrum with that of coastal waters around the Korean peninsula, coastal waters around Weno Island showed typical CASE-1 water properties. It was possible to understand the marine optical characteristics of coral reef habitats in tropical waters, and it can be used to develop seawater algorithms specialized in the study area.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.251-263
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• 2008

Eight species and four genera belonging to two families of antipatharians have been reported in Korea. In the present study, the major specimens were collected from the coastal areas of Jejudo Island from 2005 to 2006, and the other ones which have been deposited in the Natural History Museum and the Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University during the period from 1965 to 2004 were reexamined. As a result of this work, four species, Myriopathes bifaria, M. stechowi, M. ulex and Plumapathes pennacea are new to Korean antipatharian fauna. In this study, total six species including previously recorded species of the family Myriopathidae were described. And the distribution range of Myriopathes lata was turned out to be expanded from southwestern sea to the eastern sea, up to Ulleungdo Is. of Korea. Especially, the sexuality and the gonadal stage of M. lata which are collected during their reproduction period were also determined by means of histological analysis.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2009

Two new species of the family Spongiidae, Spongia (Heterofibria) cora/lina n. sp. and Spongia (Heterofibria) purpurea n. sp. are described. They were collected from Gageodo Island, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Spongia (H.) coral/ina n. sp. is closest to S. (H.) cristata Cook & Bergquist (2001) from New Zealand in skeletal features, but the new species differs from S. (H.) cristata by the arrangement of fibres and growth form. Spongia (H.) purpurea n. sp. closley resembles S. (H.) cristata, but the new species differs from New Zealand specimens by the arragement and thickness of pseudo-tertiary fibres.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2008

Six species, four genera belonging to two families of antipatharians have been reported in Korea. In the present study, the major specimens were collected from the coastal areas of Jejudo Island from 2005 to 2006, and the other ones which have been deposited in the Natural History Museum and the Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University during the period from 1965 to 2004 were reexamined. As a result of this work, two species, Cirripathes spiralis and Stichopathes filiformis, are newly recorded to Korean antipatharian fauna.