• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제36권
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• pp.241-266
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• 2003

Glass pieces excavated from Mireuksa Temple dated $7^{th}$ century A.D. were characterized by chemical composition, specific gravity and melting point. Lead isotope ratios of lead glasses were also compared with those of lead ore to attribute which lead ore was delivered for making lead glass. It was known that some lead glasses found in Japan were similar with those of Mireuksa Temple as comparing the data of chemical composition and lead isotope ratios. Characteristics of lead glass from Mireuksa Temple Thirty five glass pieces of Mireuksa Temple were analyzed for five oxides and found that all was lead glass system(PbO-$SiO_2$) with the range of 70~79% for PbO and 20~28% for $SiO_2$. The concentrations of oxides such as $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ and CuO were below 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.9%, respectively. Principal component analysis(PCA) as a statistical method was carried out to classify glasses with the similarities of chemical concentrations. The result of PCA has shown that three groups of glasses were created according to the excavation positions and two major oxides(PbO and $SiO_2$) greatly contributed to the dispersion of glasses on principal component 1(PC1) axis and trace element oxides($Al_2O_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$) for PC2 axis. Most of lead glasses were greenish by the efficacy of iron and copper oxides and some showed yellowish-green. The gravity of lead glasses was about 4.4~5.4 and estimated melting point was near $670^{\circ}C$. Lead isotope ratios of glasses were analyzed and found quite close to a lead ore from the Bupyeong mine in Gyeonggi-do. Comparison with lead glasses found in Japan Lead glasses of Mireuksa Temple were compared with those of Japan on the basis of chemical and physical data. Chemical compositions of Japanese lead glasses dated $7^{th}{\sim}8^{th}$ century A.D. were nearly similar with those of Mireuksa Temple but lead isotope ratios of those were separated into two groups. Three distribution maps of lead ores of Korea, Japan and China with lead isotope ratios were applied for lead glasses found in Japan. The result have shown that the locations of lead glasses from Fukuoka Prefecture coincided with the region of northen part of Korea and similar with those of Mireuksa Temple and lead glasses from Nara Prefecture dated $8^{th}$ century A.D. were located in the region of Japanese lead ore. This research has demonstrated that lead glasses of Mireuksa Temple conveyed to Miyajidake site, Fukuoka Prefecture around $7^{th}$ century A.D. and glass melting pots and glass beads excavated from Nara Prefecture confirmed the first use of Japanese lead ore for production of lead glasses from the end of $7^{th}$ century A.D.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.210-223
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• 2014

익산 미륵사지 석탑에서 출토된 사리장엄 중 금제유물은 사리내호, 봉영기 등 총 494점이다. 금제유물은 대부분 가공을 통해 제작하였으나 이 중 금정 22점과 금괴 4점은 형태를 가지고 있지 않은 금괴로 가공품을 만들기 전 단계의 것으로 판단된다. 일반적으로 금은 자연 상태에서 산화물이 아닌 금속의 형태로 존재하므로 용융, 가공 과정만을 통해서 형태를 제작할 수 있다. 그러나 자연금의 경우 은, 동 등 불순물이 포함되어 있으므로 연성을 가지기 위해서는 정제가 필요하다. 미륵사지 석탑 사리장엄에서 출토된 금제유물을 분석하여 그 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 분석결과 순금제품과 은이 함유된 금제품, 자연금으로 추정되는 금괴류로 분류할 수 있었다. 순금으로 제작된 유물은 사리내호, 금제고리, 금제소형구슬이며, 1wt.% 내외의 동을 함유하고 있다. 이들 유물들은 두드려 형태를 만들기 위해 순금으로 제작한 것으로 보인다. 은이 함유된 유물은 봉영기, 족집게, 금제고리, 금정, 금괴 등이며, 강도가 필요한 형태를 제작하기 위해 은이 함유된 것으로 보인다. 특히, 금정, 금괴는 은, 동의 분포, 형태로 추정하였을 때 자연금으로 보이나 한국의 자료가 충분하지 않아 단정할 수는 없으며, 향후 다양한 지역의 괴 형태 금제유물에 대한 종합적인 조사가 이뤄져야 가능할 것으로 보인다. 금세공기술면에서는 미륵사지 석탑출토 사리장엄은 매우 정교한 기술을 보이고 있다. 또한 무게분포를 살펴보았을 때 한 냥의 명문이 있는 것의 무게가 14g 내외로 이를 기준으로 반 냥, 두 냥 등으로 무게가 분포하고 있다.