• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.505-516
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• 2014

Northeast Asia including China, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, DPRK and ROK, is a geographically close region that falls under the same environmental influence. Recently the region is not only facing serious domestic environmental problems with rapid economic growth, but also confronted with transboundary environmental problems and associated conflicts between countries. Unfortunately, Northeast Asia lacks a solid environmental management system among countries to deal with transboundary and other environmental issues. Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment (TEIA) can, therefore, be one of the essential systematic measures in which environmental problems between countries would be negotiated. However, it would be necessary to have an indepth discussion of what we have to do first for implementing TEIA system in the region, and how to operate it while customizing each Northeast Asian country with different EIA system and socioeconomic circumstance. All these cannot be decided in a short time, and we need to invest enough time for discussing and considering them from various aspects. Recently, the Korean government declared "Eurasia Initiative". The initiative proposes important developing projects and ultimately plans to build a peaceful community throughout Eurasia based on comprehensive cooperation. The initiative aims to increase exchanges in transportation, energy and agricultural sectors to achieve the goals. In this regard, implementing TEIA in Northeast Asia is urgently needed and we have to prepare the strategy for introducing TEIA mechanism. Based on the results of 10 year experience on TEIA projects conducted since 2004, we suggest double-track approaches for developing TEIA mechanism. We continuously need to make an effort to establish a regional TEIA mechanism that all countries legally join, and simultaneously we also have to prepare a process to carry out TEIA for upcoming projects based on bi- or multi-lateral agreements. Practical solutions such as conducting pilot TEIA with relevant countries and developing TEIA guideline for the region could be the first step.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.333-359
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching activities of guidance teachers in student teachers' planning mathematics lesson and the role of guidance teachers in teaching practicum. To fulfill the purpose, 54 student teachers participated in teaching practicum in G university of education located in G city were selected as subjects and gathered data by asking student teachers to record the interaction process with guidance teachers in detail. By analyzing the teaching activities, the conclusions were drawn as follows: First, guidance teachers' teaching activities in student teachers' planning a lesson were focused on the strategies of teaching and organizing activities according to the ability level of students in the classroom. Second, four types of guidance teachers were identified by analyzing teaching activities as noninterference, supervision, guidance, cooperation. Most of guidance teachers can be indexed as guidance. Third, more effective teaching practicum, guidance teachers need to understand the role of guidance teacher in teaching practicum and systemic program for teaching practicum should be developed.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.323-354
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• 2005

As with the vast array of computer technology and its rapid development, along with the entry of the internet as one of the necessities of life, the so-called cyber space has become a vital component of our modern day living. While such cyber space has provided the society with much convenience and utility as to the gathering and acquiring of information, crimes involving cyber space has accordingly increased in both number and form, Nevertheless, the conventional law as existed before the development of the cyber space were unable to meet the demands of this new breed of crime, which inevitably led to the gap in the government ability to punish such criminals, Thus, in response to the rising number of cyber crimes, a large number of nations have either created or is in the process of committing human and financial resources to strengthen the investigative powers relating to cyber crimes and creating a new area of prohibiting such crimes. As a overview of cyber crime, (1)defines the terms, describes features of cyber crime, (2)explains the international prevention necessity of cyber crime, and (3)the necessity of legislating the cyber crime Fundamental Act (4)the recognition of the evidential values on the confiscated electronic records and reviews types of cyber crime including cyberterror. Lastly, emphasizes necessity on international cooperation for prevention of cyber crime as usual.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.125-146
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• 2010

The G20 summit is the premier forum for international economic cooperation and it will be held in Seoul in November 2010. However, protests are expected during the Seoul summit, as a part of the deepening global war against capitalism. The Korean Police need to deal with these protests effectively in order to provide security to the participating leaders and make the meeting run on wheel as planned. The current study attempts to analyze the death of Ian Tomlinson who died in the context of a heavily policed protest during 2009 G20 London summit. There are number of unique features regarding this incident, such as the public scrutiny of police conduct through video footage, the police use of excessive force, and the process to hold the police to account for misconduct. This incident caused serious damages to the public's faith in the British police. Based on the analysis, this study found that during the G20 London summit British police had the problems such as the lack of the clear standards on the use of force, improper training in the use of force, poor communications with the media and protesters, inappropriate use of the close containment tactic, and the failure to display police identification. Therefore, this study suggests the inducement of peaceful protests, the adoption of a set of standards on the use of force, public order training that is more directed and more relevant to the public order challenges facing the Korean police, improvement of the communication with the media and protesters, enhancement of individual officer's accountability as public order policing strategies for G20 Seoul summit meeting. However, the most fundamental principle is that Korean police must place a high value on tolerance and winning the consent of the public.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2014

The Korean government, as of last year, is attempting to introduce a competitive system in the rail-market. However there are some pertinent issues which need to be addressed in order to select the best possible organization for optimum railway traffic control. As there are no standard guidelines in selecting an agency, objective evaluation factors need to be properly applied to ensure the best possible decision is made. Through literature review and various interviews with experts, appropriate criteria were selected to evaluate the suitability of each potential operator. As generally mentioned, both safety and efficiency play vital roles in the selection process but in addition, there are other factors such as security and fairness, which also need to be considered. The individual weight of these factors were calculated by the AHP, in which three groups of experts were interviewed to acquire their expertise. According to the results, as a potential operator, the score of a railway operating company and the management cooperation of railway is 2.75 and 3.85, respectively. In the future, in preparation towards becoming a competitive rail-market, this research is expected to assist in choosing the best party to control the rail traffic system.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.145-175
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• 2011

The purpose of this research investigates the determinant factors of the joint technology development project performance between SMEs and universities. Reviewing existing papers we could categorize independent variables into three groups of partner characteristics, process management variables and relationship characteristics between partners. Three measures of satisfaction with the cooperation result, the intention of continuing relationship and the utilization of developed technology and product were used as dependent variable considering that we studied the joint projects of SMEs' involvement, short period and small scale. The data was collected by questionnaire survey mailed to the 1082 SMEs and university professors which executed the joint projects sponsored by Small Business Administration in 2009. We received 200 responses from SMEs, and 305 cases from professors among which 55 responses of each partner were on the same project. We analyzed the data sets individually, data of SMEs and that of universities with multiple regression analysis technique and also analyzed the common responses of 55 projects. Analysis results of the data from SMEs indicated that partners' expertise, facilities and equipment, communications, strategic importance, and trust were significant variables for the project performance. Analysis results of the data from universities showed that previous links, definition of objectives, strategic importance, trust and commitment were significant variables. Analysis results of combined data of 55 projects from SMEs and universities indicated that facilities and equipment, project management proficiency and commitment were significant variables.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-68
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• 2006

Today, Manufacturing companies execute the logistics outsourcing that commits the non-core logistic function to the specialized logistics corporation, which makes the manufacturing company focus on its core competence, product development and marketing, reduces logistics cost and improves customer service level. Recently, Logistics outsourcing is developed into cooperative sourcing based on the partnership. Case study on the logistics outsourcing will provide the good guideline for planning of the outsourcing strategy. The objective of this research is making a sense about 4PL through the case of UPS-Samsung Electro-Mechanics and catching major issue to provide the guideline for the cooperation outsourcing strategy. We investigated historical backgrounds of the logistics outsourcing between UPS and Samsung Electro-Mechanics. We also investigated problems occurred in outsourcing process at the five dimensions-organizational problem, CEO's short-term views, cultural gap between two companies, integration of IT system, and different understanding about outcomes. We expect to give many implications to manufacturing companies which want to cooperate with specialized logistics corporation.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.15-25
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• 2010

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to evaluate Wonju Healthy City project and identify its problems, and seeking a way for its improvement based on the Healthy City project philosophy and strategies. Methods: We used the SPIRIT Checklist that was a process evaluation tool and developed by Alliance for Healthy Cities for the study. We analyzed 39 related materials and gathered opinions on the evaluation result with Healthy City Team staffs, related department staffs and the advisory committee. Finally, a joint meeting with AFHC SPIRIT evaluation expert verified the result of the analysis. Results: The evaluation of Wonju Healthy City project confirmed that Wonju city is equipped with the resources, such as mid-term plan, infrastructure, cooperative organizations, and the Healthy City network to enable the consistent implementation of the Healthy City project based on strong political commitment. However, the necessity of additional complementary processes as well as the application of further improvements to assist health promotion strategies was evident. Conclusion: It is required to improve Wonju Healthy City project that activation of health promotion programs based on the political support and cooperation with public health center and Healthy City project departments in city hall.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

In this study, we compared the alteration of test positions according to various test equipments when testing shoulder joint superoinferior axial to estimate the clinical usefulness of tiltable standing detector. Our objectives were patients who visited our hospital. Among them we chose patients who were prescribed to get a shoulder axial test, again we selected 30 patients whose abduction is more than 90 degree.(2008. Nov.$\sim$2009 Jan.) With the patients cooperation, we used CR(Agfa, Belgium), fixed-detector(Canon, japan), Tiltable-detector(Philips, Netherlands). Tested with only one equipment(tiltable detector), and posed with the other two. We surveyed 5 inspectors and 30 patients, asking them to rate the convenience of test position. Also, we checked how long it takes to have the image appear on screen after testing with the equipment We provided a standard for an assessment of the image to an expert in bone radiology, an orthopedist and a radiologist with 5 years experience. When the patients were asked about the convenience of the equipments, 15 people(50%) answered CR is convenient and 14 people(46.7%) answered the Tilting detector is convenient, showing not much difference. However, when the inspectors were asked the same question, 4people(80%) out of 5 answered that the Tilting detector is more convenient The time test showed that CR takes 2 minutes and 50 seconds, the Fixed detector 1minute and 48 seconds andor had no distortion showing the shoulder joint space. However, even though the Fixed detector showed ac the Tilting detector takes 1 minute and 43 seconds to bring the image to the screen after the position. The results of the value of image taken by each equipment, CR and the Tilting detectromion, coracoid process, due to the unstable pose, they were quite distorted and scored poor in observing glenoid fossa. By this study, we can see that testing the shoulder joint superoinferior axial projection with a detector that has a tilting device would be more convenient than testing it with a CR.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.3_4
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• pp.204-212
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• 2004

Existing distributed systems have higher probability of failures occurrence than stand-alone system, so many fault tolerant techniques have been developed. Because of insufficient storage resulting from the increased fault tolerance information stored, the performance of system has been degraded. To avoid performance degradation, it needs delete useless fault tolerance information. In this paper, we propose a garbage collection algorithm for fault tolerance information. And we define and design the garbage collection agent for garbage collection of fault tolerance information, the information agent for management of fault tolerant data, and the facilitator agent for communication between agents. Also, we propose the garbage collection algorithm using the garbage collection agent. For rollback recovery, we use independent checkpointing protocol and sender based pessimistic message logging protocol. In our proposed garbage collection algorithm, the garbage collection, information, and facilitator agent is created with process, and the information agent constructs domain knowledge with its checkpoints and non-determistic events. And the garbage collection agent decides garbage collection time, and it deletes useless fault tolerance information in cooperation with the information and facilitator agent. For propriety of proposed garbage collection technique using agents, we compare domain knowledge of system that performs garbage collection after rollback recovery and domain knowledge of system that doesn't perform garbage collection.