• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2015

When reactor coolant leaks occur due to cracks of a steam generator's tube, radioactive materials contained in the primary cooling water in nuclear power plant are forced out toward the secondary systems. At this time the secondary water purification resin in the ion exchange resin tower of the steam generator blowdown system is contaminated by the radioactivity of the leaked radioactive materials, so we pack this in special containers and store temporarily because we could not dispose it by ourselves. If steam generator tube leakage occurs, it produces contaminated spent resins annually about 5,000~7,000 liters. This may increase the amount of nuclear waste productions, a disposal working cost and a unit price of generating electricity in the plant. For this reasons, it is required to develop a decontamination process technique for reducing the radioactive level of these resins enough to handle by the self-disposal method. In this research, First, Investigated the structure and properties of the ion exchange resin used in a steam generator blowdown system. Second, Checked for a occurrence status of contaminated spent resin and a disposal technology. Third, identified the chemical characteristics of the waste radionuclides of the spent resin, and examined ionic bonding and separation mechanism of radioactive nuclear species and a spent resin. Finally, we carried out the decontamination experiment using chemicals, ultrasound, microbubbles, supercritical carbon dioxide to process these spent resin. In the case of the spent resin decontamination method using chemicals, the higher the concentration of the drug decontamination efficiency was higher. In the ultrasound method, foreign matter of the spent resin was removed and was found that the level of radioactivity is below of the MDA. In the microbubbles method, we found that the concentration of the radioactivity decreased after the experiment, so it can be used to the decontamination process of the spent resin. In supercritical carbon dioxide method, we found that it also had a high decontamination efficiency. According to the results of these experiments, almost all decontamination method had a high efficiency, but considering the amounts of the secondary waste productions and work environment of the nuclear power plant, we judged the ultrasound and supercritical carbon dioxide method are suitable for application to the plant and we established the plant applicable decontamination process system on the basis of these two methods.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

전 세계적으로 지구온난화현상이 심화되고 있으며, 특히 우리나라의 경우 급격한 산업 발전 등으로 인해 도시화가 진행되면서 도시열섬현상까지 발생되고 있다. 이렇게 도시의 온도가 상승하게 되면 주거 생활의 쾌적성 및 냉방부하와 같은 문제 등을 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 줄이기 위해 지붕 색상에 따른 쿨루프 성능 평가를 진행하였으며, 기존의 평지붕 축소 모형, 손잡이 형태의 열화상 카메라 또는 레이저 온도계를 이용하지 않고, 실제 건물과 UAV에 열적외선 카메라를 장착하여 원격탐사 기법으로 옥상 색상 (흰색, 회색, 초록색, 청색, 갈색, 검은색)에 따른 표면 온도를 취득하였다. 그 결과 흰색을 적용한 표면 온도가 다른 색상보다 11도에서 20도 낮게 나타났으며, 에어컨의 실내 온도와 디지털 온도계의 실내 온도 또한 흰색의 색상이 다른 색상보다 약 1.5도에서 4.4도, 약 1.5도에서 3.5도 낮게 측정되었다. 이를 통해 흰색이 쿨루프 성능이 가장 좋음을 확인할 수 있었으며, UAV와 열적외선 카메라를 통해 기존 다른 연구에서 사용했던 방법보다 신속하고, 편리하게 쿨루프 성능 평가가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

목적 : 본 연구는 PRF(Proton Resonance Frequency)를 이용한 MR 온도감시 영상에서 시간 해상도를 keyhole방법 적용으로 향상시키고자하였다. 제시된 keyhole방법과 기존 온도영상 방법 사이의 비교를 위해 온도 값에 대한 RMS(Root Mean Square) 오차와 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)을 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법 : PRF 방법과 GRE(Gradient Recalled Echo)를 이용하여 MR 온도영상을 구현하였으며 장비로는 임상용 1.5T MRI 장치를 이용하였다. 인체모사 조직인 2% 한천 젤 팬텀과 돼지 근육조직으로 실험을 수행하였다. 2.45GHz대역의 마이크로파 발생장치로 MR호환 동축 슬롯 안테나를 구동하여 MRI장치 내에서 대상 조직과 팬텀을 5분간 가열하였다. 가열 직후 10분 동안에 순차적으로 MR 원 데이터를 획득하였다. 획득된 원 데이터는 PC로 전송되어 전체 위상을 부호화하여 얻은 원 데이터의 바깥영역과 K-space의 중앙 영역을 각각 128, 64, 32, 16으로 위상부호화된 데이터로 keyhole영상을 재구성하였다. 256개로 전체 부호화된 자체-참조 온도영상과 RMS 오차를 비교하였으며, zero-filling 영상과 SNR비교를 하였다. 결과 : keyhole 온도 영상에서 위상부호화 수가 128, 64, 32, 16으로 줄어들수록 RMS 오차로 산출한 온도의 차이가 0.538, 0.712, 0.786, 0.845$^{\circ}C$ 만큼 증가하였으나 SNR 값은 keyhole의 위상부호화 수가 줄어도 유지되었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 고정된 매트릭스 크기에 keyhole 방법 적용을 이용하여 온도 감시에서의 시간해상도 증가와 SNR 값을 유지하는 결과를 도출하여 성공적인 적용을 보여 주었다. 본 연구를 기반으로 한 다음 연구에서는 최적화된 변수를 이용한 keyhole 방법 적용으로 최소 온도 오차의 실시간 MR 온도 감시가 가능할 것이라 예상된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권6_3호
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• pp.1985-1999
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 EPA(Environmental Protection Agency)에서 활용하는 도시열섬 저감기법(옥상녹화, 쿨루프, 차열도료포장 및 차열블럭포장 등)을 연구지역에 적용하여 토지피복 객체간 비교 분석으로 실질적 효과 파악을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 경상남도 김해시 장유무계지역을 연구지역으로 선정하고, 드론 DJI Matrice 300 RTK에 열적외선 영역센서 FLIR Vue Pro R과 가시광선 영역센서인 H20T 1/2.3" CMOS, 12 MP를 활용하여 계측하였다. 계측 일정은 7월 27일 아침 7시 15분부터 저녁 7시 15분까지 1시간 30분 간격으로 총 9장의 열지도와 비교군 토지피복 객체(711개) 열섬 저감기법 토지피복 객체(180개) 를 추출하였다. 추출한 180개의 객체 별 효과값 산출 후, 기법 종류별 효과를 종합한 결과 주간시간 기준 쿨루프 4.71℃, 옥상녹화 3.40℃, 차열도료포장 0.43℃, 차열블록포장 -0.85℃의 열섬 저감효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 시간대별 효과 비교 결과 촬영일 기준 남중시각 인근인 13시에서 기법들의 열섬 저감효과가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 해당 시각을 지난 13시에서 14:30분 사이에 쿨루프 -8.19℃, 옥상녹화 -5.56℃, 차열도료포장 -1.78℃, 차열블록포장 -1.57℃의 온도 저감의 효율이 변화하였다. 본 연구는 드론과 같은 고해상도 영상을 활용하여 도시열섬 저감기법을 검증한 사례 연구이다. 향후, 고정밀 공간해상도를 가지는 초소형 위성 등의 직접적인 활용 예시가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내산 농산물의 안정적인 저온저장온도 결정을 위하여 동결점을 분석하고 품질에 따른 저장온도 설정에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고 과냉각 한계점 측정을 통하여 과냉각 저장 가능성을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 동결점 및 과냉각 한계온도를 분석하기 위하여 국내산 마늘, 오이, 대파, 고추, 참외, 메론, 복숭아, 자두 등의 국내산 농산물을 자체 제작한 송풍식 냉동기를 이용하여 완만 냉각시키면서 농산물 내부에 삽입된 온도센서를 이용하여 열방출을 측정하였다. 또한 일반 품질특성 인자들이 각 농산물 동결점에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 당도, 산도, 함수율 및 경도를 측정하였다. 열방출 최고점을 기준으로 판단한 농산물의(동결점/과냉각 한계점)은 마늘(-1.6/-$7.8^{\circ}C$), 대파(-0.5/-$3.7^{\circ}C$), 오이(-0.5/$3.3^{\circ}C$), 풋고추(-0.7/-$4.9^{\circ}C$), 포도(-1.6/-$5.7^{\circ}C$), 참외(-1.6/-$4.6^{\circ}C$), 메론(-1.3/-$2.8^{\circ}C$), 복숭아(-0.8/-$3.3^{\circ}C$), 방울토마토(-0.3/-$5.9^{\circ}C$), 자두(-1.1/-$4.2^{\circ}C$), 무(-0.3/-$0.8^{\circ}C$), 단감(-1.7/-$4.7^{\circ}C$), 사과(-1.5/-$3.2^{\circ}C$), 고구마(-1.5/-$3.7^{\circ}C$), 감귤(-0.8/-$4.7^{\circ}C$), 배(-1.5/-$4.2^{\circ}C$), 딸기(-0.9/-$3.4^{\circ}C$)이었다. 이러한 동결점은 각 농산물의 이화학적 특성분석에 비추어 볼 때 당 성분에 따른 동결점 내림 경향과 일치하여 당도분석을 통한 저장온도 설정 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.752-759
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• 1997

복합 심장질환이나 대동맥궁 수술시 뇌손상을 보호하기 위하여 오래전부터 초저체온하 완전순환정지법 을 이용하고 있다. 수술후 뇌손상을 예방하기 위하여 여러 방법들을 이용하여 왔으며, 1994년이후 저자들은 뇌대사를 감시하기 위한 방법으로 수술중 뇌파감시를 하고 있다. 저자들은 심장수술실에 사용이 편리한 뇌 파 압축 스펙트럼 정렬(compressed spectral array; CSA) 시스템을 개발하여 이를 대동맥수술시 초저체온 및 설 전순환차단하에 뇌파감시에 적용하여 이의 유용성을 검증하고, 초저체온하 뇌파를 연속감시하여 뇌파가 소 실되고 다시 나타나는 온도를 확인하여 순환정지의 안전한 온도와 시간을 연구하였다. 급성 대동맥박리증 3 례와 대동맥궁 대동맥류 3례(2례는 가성)의 대동맥질환 환자를 연구대상으로 하였다. 직장과 식도체온을 연 속 감시하였으며,마취후 뇌파를 연속감시하였다. 대상환자들중 3례는 초저체온하 완전순환차단하에 수술을 하였으며, 3례는 초저체온하 선택적 뇌관류하에(500 700Ml분) 수술을 하였다. 환자의 체온을 하강하여 뇌 파가 소실된 후 약 3분 후에 순환정지나 선택적 뇌관류를 하였다. 뇌파가 소실된 체온은 직장\ulcorner온이 $16.1^{\circ}C-22.1^{\circ}C(평균:$ $18.4\pm2.0),$ 식도체온이 $12.7^{\circ}C~16.4^{\circ}C(평균:$ $14.7\pm1.6)였다.$ 완전순환차단 환자의 경우 뇌 허혈 시간은 각각 30, 36, 및 56분이었으며, 뇌관류 환자의 경우 각각 41, 56, 92분이었다. 수술중 뇌파가 다시 나 타난 시간 및 체온은(증례 3~6) 5~23분후에 직장체온이 $14.1^{\circ}C~20.3^{\circ}C,$ 식도체온이 $11.7^{\circ}C~15.4^{\circ}C에서$ 나타났다. 수술후 뇌손상의 증상은 없었으며,수술과 관련된 사망은 없었다. 이상의 결과로 식도체온이 $16^{\circ}C이하에서도$ 뇌파가 23분이내에 다시 나타난 것으로 보아 식도체온이 $15^{\circ}C이하는$ 되어야 약 30분간의 완전순환 차단에 안전하리라 생각되었으며, 대동맥 수술시 CSA를 이용한 뇌파감시는 전기뇌활동을 감시하는데 유용 한 방법으로 생각되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2004

본 연구는 도계장 규모 및 계절별로 도계공정 단계에 따른 미생물학적 오염도와 변화추이를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 도계 5단계 즉, 내장 적출 전, 내장 적출 후, 최종세척 후, 본냉각 후 그리고 냉장실에서 닭 표면에 대한 미생물학적 분석을 위하여 멸균시료봉지를 이용한 전체 닭에 대한 시료를 채취하였다. 그 결과 여름철 시료의 경우 소규모 도계장의 일반세균수는 본 냉각 후와 냉장실에서 $10^4$ CFU/mL로서 $10^{5}$ CFU/mL 수준의 균수를 보인 대규모 도축장에 비하여 낮게 검출이 되었다. 그렇지만 대장균 검사 결과는 반대로 소규모 도계장($10^2$-$^4$ CFU/mL)이 대규모 도계장($10^{0-2}$ CFU/mL)보다 2 log갈이 높은 경향을 보여 주었다. 가을철과 겨울철 시료에서는 대규모 도계장과 소규모 도계장의 일반세균수는 내장 적출 후 $10^{5}$ CHU/mL 수준이고, 그리고 본 냉각 후와 냉장실에서는 $10^4$ CFU/mL 수준으로 비슷한 측정값을 보여주었다. 대장균수의 측정값에 있어서는 소규모 도계장과 대규모 도계장이 모두 냉장실에서 가을철에는 $10^2$ CFU/mL수준, 그리고 겨울철에는 $10^3$ CFU/mL 수준으로 비슷한 측정값을 보 여주었다. 또한 가을철과 겨울철 시료에 있어서 냉각공정 단계의 냉각 말기 냉각수 미생물 검사 결과는 소규모 도계장이 대규모 도계장보다 낮은 일반세균수 값을 보여주었다. 봄철 시료에 있어서 소규모 도계장은 본 냉각 후 도계과정을 제외하곤 모든 도계공정 단계에서 대규모 도계장보다 높은 일반 세균수의 측정값을 보여주었다. 봄철 시료의 냉각말기의 냉각수 일반세균수는 소규모 도계장이 대규모 도계장보다 높은 측정값을 보여주었다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.22-37
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• 2021

풍탁은 한국, 중국, 일본에서 오랜 기간 사용되고 있는 불교 장엄구이다. 하지만 풍탁은 제작 시기를 추정하는 데 어려움이 있으며 유물의 수가 많지 않아 기초연구가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 미술사적 연구를 참고하여 논산 관촉사 석조미륵보살입상의 보개에 장식되어 있는 청동풍탁 8점을 형태학적으로 분류하였으며, 이에 따른 제작 기법 및 제작 시기에 대하여 과학적으로 규명하였다. 연구 결과를 종합해볼 때 보개의 위치에 따라 관촉사 석조미륵보살입상 청동풍탁은 형태 및 제작 기법의 특징이 나타났다. 대형인 하부 보개 청동풍탁 4점은 Cu-Sn-Pb 삼원계 합금을 주조 기법으로 제작하였으며, 서산 출토 동제풍탁과 형태가 매우 흡사하여 고려 전기에 조성된 것으로 확인된다. 중형인 상부 보개 북측 청동풍탁 2점은 Cu-Sn 또는 Cu-Sn-Pb 합금을 단조 기법으로 제작하였으며, 고려 후기~조선시대에 나타나는 원통형 풍탁과 형태가 유사하다. 소형인 상부 보개 남측 청동풍탁 2점은 미량의 아연(Zn)이 존재하는 것으로 판단되는 Cu-Sn-Pb 삼원계 합금을 주조 기법으로 제작하였으며, 합금 성분 및 치게의 형태 등을 통해 조선 후기에 제작된 것으로 보인다. 미세조직 관찰 및 성분 분석을 통해 하부 보개 청동풍탁 2점은 Cu:Sn:Pb≒80:15:5의 합금비를 지닌 삼원계 합금을 주조 후 서냉하여 제작하였음을 알 수 있다. 상부 보개 동북측 청동풍탁은 방짜유기와 유사한 합금비인 Cu-Sn 이원계 합금을 소재로 단조 기법으로 제작된 것으로 확인된다. 이를 국내 풍탁의 선행 연구와 비교·분석한 결과, 하부 보개 동측 청동풍탁 2점은 타명기에 적합한 주석 함유량을 지닌 고려시대에 제작된 강진 월남사지 출토 금동풍탁의 합금 조성비와 유사하게 확인된다. 방짜유기와 유사한 합금비를 지닌 상부 보개 동북측 청동풍탁은 현재까지 연구된 풍탁 중 유일하게 단조 기법으로 제작된 사례이다. 본 연구를 통해 풍탁의 제작 시기를 형태학적 특징으로 구분하는 데 있어 과학적인 근거를 통해 보다 명확하게 구분할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_1호
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• pp.481-493
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• 2023

고밀도 도심지의 열섬현상이 도시 기온을 더 높이고 있으며 이로부터 대기오염 악화, 냉방 에너지 소비 증가 및 온실가스 배출 증대와 같은 부정적 영향들이 발생한다. 녹지의 추가 확보가 어려운 도시 환경에서 옥상녹화는 효율적인 온실가스 감축 전략이다. 본 연구에서는 열섬현상 현황 분석에서 더 나아가 고해상도 위성자료 및 공간정보를 활용하여 연구 지역 내 옥상녹화 가용면적 산정 후 옥상녹화가 가져오는 온도 분포 예측을 통한 열섬현상 완화도 및 이산화탄소 흡수량 평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 WorldView-2 위성자료를 활용하여 부산시 도시열섬 지역의 기존 토지피복을 분류하고 머신러닝 기법을 적용하여 옥상녹화 전 후 온도 분포 예측 모델을 개발하였다. 옥상녹화 면적 변화에 따른 열섬현상 완화도를 평가하기 위해 랜덤포레스트 기법을 통해 온도가 종속변수인 온도 분포 예측모델을 구축하였고, 이 과정에서 랜덤포레스트 모델의 훈련자료로 사용될 고해상도 지표 온도 도출을 위해 Google Earth Engine을 활용하여 Landsat-8과 Sentinel-2 위성자료를 융합하는 다중회귀모델을 적용하였다. 또한, 옥상녹화용 초본식생별 이산화탄소 흡수량을 기반으로 녹화 면적에 따른 이산화탄소 흡수량을 평가하였다. 연구 결과를 통해 개발된 위성자료 활용 도시 열섬현상 평가 및 랜덤포레스트 모델 기반 온도 분포 예측 기술은 도시열섬 취약 지역에 확대 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.