• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

This proposed simulation-based design study is based on the design of residential high-rise buildings in South-Korea. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of daylighting performance passing through building glazing according to sky conditions, orientation of windows and each space of Apartment buildings. The clear sky includes sunshine and is intense and brighter at the horizon than at the zenith, except in the area around the sun. Daylight received within a building is directly dependent upon the sun's position and the atmospheric conditions. Orientation of the building generally used to refer to solar orientation which is the siting of building with respect to solar access. Although any building will have different orientations for its different sides, the orientation can refer to a particular room, or to the most important facade of the building. north-facing windows receive twice the winter sun than east and west facing windows, allowing light and warmth into the home. They can be easily shaded from the high summer sun to help keep the house cool. Ideally, the glazing area should be between 10-25% of the floor area of the room. This paper was calculated by a Desktop Radiance program. The space dimensions were based on a unit module of real constructed apartment having divided into five sections such as living room, room1, room2, room3 and kitchen.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.659-668
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to propose a ventilation corridor management plan to improve the thermal environment for Busan Metropolitan City. To this end, the characteristics of hot and cool spots in Busan were identified by conducting spatial statistical analysis, and thermal image data from Landsat-7 satellites and major ventilation corridors were analyzed through WRF meteorological simulation. The results showed the areas requiring thermal environment improvement among hot spot areas were Busanjin-gu, Dongnae-gu, industrial areas in Yeonje-gu and Sasang-gu, and Busan Port piers in large-scale facilities. The main ventilation corridor was identified as Geumjeongsan Mountain-Baekyangsan Mountain-Gudeoksan Mountain Valley. Based on the results, the ventilation corridor management strategy is suggested as follows. Industrial facilities and the Busan Port area are factors that increase the air temperature and worsen the thermal environment of the surrounding area. Therefore, urban and architectural plans are required to reduce the facility's temperature and consider the ventilation corridor. Areas requiring ventilation corridor management were Mandeok-dong and Sajik-dong, and they should be managed to prevent further damage to the forests. Since large-scale, high-rise apartment complexes in areas adjacent to forests interfere with the flow of cold and fresh air generated by forests, the construction of high-rise apartment complexes near Geumjeongsan Mountain with the new redevelopment of Type 3 general residential area should be avoided. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for urban planning and environmental planning in response to climate change in Busan Metropolitan City.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 1990

Experiments were conducted to find out the possibilities of producing good quality seed of summer type soybean at Chuncheon, 74m above sea level and Jinboo, 600m above sea level in 1987. Local variety, Cheonan Jaelae was used. Seeds were sown June 25 harvested five times from 35 days after flowering with five days interval to 55 days. Vegetative period was longer in the early planting and high cool area, Jinboo, which resulted longer stem length than the late planting and in the plain area, Chuncheon. Pod number and 100 grain weight were shown more and heavier in Jinboo. Earlier planting and later harvesting resulted more pod number and heaveier 100grain weight. Grain yield was heigher in Jinboo, and earlier plainting shown more grain yield and its difference was greater in Jinboo. Long grain filling duration resulted more grain yield. Unripened seeds were produced more by earlier planting with earlier harvesting and earlier planting with late harvesting showed the high rates of pod and stem blight (Diaporthe Phaseolorum). Seed With high moisture content by early harvesting showed more rotten seeds in all planting dates production was more advantageous in the high cool area, Jinboo. Optimum planting date was between May 15 and June 5. Harvesting was desirable about 45-50 days after flowering with heigher germination rate seed yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

After execute quantitative analysis that choose station and compose floodgate quality of water net and use floodgate data and quality of water data analysis target Sign of the cock as 1 dimension access for Non-point pollution source pollution and estimate of Gaeuncheon's at Kyongsangbukdo report to the Throne in this research, presented parameter conclusion notation model (AGNPS) in real condition of our agricultural area through comparison with spot value and result is as following in reply. With result observation and analysis result of the AGNPS model the comparison which it will pay from the hazard which it analyzes 2005, the rainfall thought which is used in the analysis to select 8 heavy rain thoughts 2005 July - is data until of September. Actual amount of rainfall 6.0~195.0 mm one time the antecedent precipitation showed API5 case 0.0~507.0mm and were observed peak flows (Qpeak) each from the P-1 $0.026m^3/sec{\sim}9.265m^3/sec$, from the P-2 $0.010m^3/sec-2.747m^3/sec$ and from the P-3c $0.064m^3/sec-13.482m^3/sec$ to show. Also amendment AMC condition it will be cool and it uses and the AGNPS model conference the result which it occurs, analysis and regression analysis of actual flow for as 0.992 very the possibility of getting the result which is good there was a decisive coefficient which is cool. But the gun is (T-P) with the total nitrogen (T-N) decisive coefficient each as 0.794 and 0.849 the presumption which is reliability generally will pay and with the fact that it will be the possibility of getting it is judged.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.5 s.112
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• pp.83-93
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• 2005

Research was initiated to investigate turf performance under USGA soil system. USGA system 45 centimeters deep was built with rootzone layer, intermediate layer, and drainage layer. Six turfgrass entries were comprised of 3 blends and 3 mixtures from cool-season grasses (CSG). Turfgrass color and quality ratings were best in spring and fall, especially early May to early July and late August to early November. Kentucky bluegrass (KB) consistently produced the greatest performance, while perennial ryegrass (PR) the poorest. Intermediate turf performance between KB and PR was observed with tall fescue (TF). Among CSG mixtures it increased with KB but decreased with PR. There were considerable variations in summer turf Performance. No summer drought injury was found in KB and TF. However, PR showed poor performance through summer as compared with others. Among mixtures, it decreased with PR. It was suggested that PR mix in less than $20\%$ in the mixtures to have an acceptable quality in summer. Cultural intensity also affected it. With lowering mowing height, KB of rhizomatous-type in growth habit kept good quality, while PR and TF with bunch-type in growth habit poor quality. Mowing quality was greatly different among CSG. KB produced clean-cut surface, but PR unclean one. If had an intermediate mowing quality between KB and PR. A great difference in green color retention was observed among CSG. The longest CSG was PR that kept green for 339 days, while the shortest one TF for 267 days. KB continued to keep green for 290 days. The mixtures kept green in color for 292 to 315 days, depending on turfgrass mixing intensity. The greater the PR in content, the longer the green color duration. These results demonstrate that KB was the best and PR the worst among CSG grown in USGA system under a domestic climate, in regards of turf quality, color, mowing quality, summer turf performance and green color duration. KB and TF are most adequate for high-maintenance and low-maintenance area, respectively. In case of mixtures for high-quality turf, it was desirable to use KB-based mixture with PR of below $20\%$ in seeding rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.799-803
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• 2001

Miniature heat pipe(MHP) with woven-wired wick was used to cool the CPU of a notebook PC. The pipe with circular cross-section was pressed and bent for packaging the MHP into a notebook PC with very limited compact packaging space. A cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced about 30% as the MHP with 4mm diameter is pressed to 2mm thickness. In the present study a performance test has been performed in order to review varying of operating performance according to pressed thickness variation and heat dissipation capacity of MHP cooling module that is packaged on a notebook PC. New wick type was considered for overcoming low heat transfer limit when MHP is pressed to thin-plate. The limiting thickness or pressing is shown to be within the range of 2mm∼2.5mm through the performance test with varying the pressing thickness. When the wall thickness of 0.4mm is reduced to 0.25mm for minimizing conductive thermal resistance through the wall of heat pipe, heat transfer limit and thermal resistance of MHP were improved about 10%. In the meantime, it is shown that the thermal resistance and heat transfer limit for the MHP with central wick type are higher than those of MHP with existing wick types. The results of performance test for MHP cooling modules with woven-wired wick to cool a notebook PC shows the stability as cooling system since T(sub)j(Temperature of Processor Junction) satisfy a demand condition of 0∼100$\^{C}$ under 11.5W of CPU heat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to research into the thermal condition and the weight of clothes suitable for the officers engagged in light works in an air-conditioned room in summer. The Major findings are as follows: 1. Thermal conditions of the working environment are $24.5^{\circ}C$ (Dry bulb temp.), $68\%$ (Relative humidity) and 2.6m/sec (Air Velocity). 2. Total clothing weights are 416.6 g/$m^2$ (male) and 340.9 g/$m^2$ (female). Underwear weights are 96.8g/$m^2$ (male) and 85.1g/$m^2$ (female). The latter turned out to be statistically significant in Sexual difference. 3. Means of the thermal sensation are 3.0 (comfortable; male) 2.7 ('Slightly cool' -'Comfortable'; female) and the relationship between clothing weights and thermal sensation proves to be significantly correlated in the case of female. 4. $66.7\%$ of the women and $37.1\%$ of the men feel sensation of coldness at the body's specific area and $79.5\%$ of the women and $54.3\%$ of the men reveals air-conditioning disturbance. 5. As the thermal sensation is close to 'cool-cold', sensation of coldness or air conditioning disturbance are showed up more frequently which is reversely related with weight of under-wear. It is also proved that air conditioning disturbances are influenced by sexual difference in addition to sensation of coldness and thermal sensation. 6. According to the result of experiment, we can have the idea that at condition $X_1$, the drop of limbs' skin temp. is remarkable. At condition $X_2$ skin temp. for distal limbs and mean skin temp. are raised and the falling degree is similar. At condition $X_3$, mean skin temp. and distal skin temp. are remarkably raised, and the falling degree decreases and the beats of pulse rate increase and diastoric blood pressure is lowered.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.355-363
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate development points for automatic ice maker which met consumer's demand. Basic data about using ices in Korean's dietary life, were collected from Seoul and Kyunggi-do residences and analyzed by SPSS program. The results were as follows; 93.7% of respondents had 3 major domestic brands' refrigerator and 41.4% of them had medium-large capacity(400-519L). 65% of respondents had a refrigerator that was purchased less than five years. 15.5% of respondents had one more refrigerator. Among of them, major refrigerator was located in kitchen(67.7%) and minor was in kitchen(29.8%) and in veranda or multi-purpose room(26.3%). 66.2% of respondents always prepared ices in ice container, and 85% of them used ice only in summer. Boiling water with barley or corn was used as drinking water (45.6%) and boiled or purified tap water was used to make ice (38.6%) commonly. In cooking, ice was used especially in cold soup with cucumber and seaweed(89.9%), ice-tea or ice-coffee(81%), and fruit punch(64%). The next commonly using ice was adding in alcoholic beverage such as whiskey(57.4%), in Koreans traditional drink(Misugaru) (45.2%) and juice. The purpose of using ice was to cool in soft drink (58.6%), to cool in cooking food(19.9%), to eat ice itself(14.0%), and to enjoy more fantastic taste and mood(3.8%). In whiskey, the purpose of using ices was to control alcoholic content (52.9%). There was no significant difference between sex in the purpose of using ice, but there was significant differences between age(p＜0.05). Seasonal variations in using ice, there were significant differences according to sex, age, roles in family, amount of preparation of ice, socio-economic level and brand and capacity of refrigerator in respondent's home.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 1981

For the investigation of efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen NPK simple trials were carried out using newly bred Tongil line(japonica indica hybrid selection) and the leading local varieties with sulfur coated area in fields for two years. The yield of Tongil line was higher than that of leading local varieties by 16% in the cool year and 23% is warm year with high solar radiation from NPK simple trials including SCU and 2-split application which were carried in 130 fields at 32 locations. Warm year increased yield by 9% in Tongil but only 3% in the local than the cool year did. Optimum nitrogen level was higher in Tongil by 3.8㎏ in the cool year and 5.5㎏ in warm year than for the local. Yearly variation of optimum nitrogen in the carne variety was greater than varietal variation in the same Year. Two-split application resulted in 1 to 2% of inconsistent yield variation. Sulfur coated urea increased yield by average 2 to 4% even at 20% reduced rate of nitrogen. It was remarkably effective in same $(27{\sim}39%)$, virgin (20%) and unmatured (10%) soils.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

The characteristics of traditional Thai houses are post-and-beam structure, lifted floor on pillars, and gabled roof as like as houses in other Southeast Asia countries. However 'charn', connective terrace among each room, is the most unique element in Thai houses which make the area under the 'charn' cool and useful. In Thailand, there are number of housing types caused by historic, social, cultural and geographic factors. This research is focused on comparative study of planning of traditional Thai houses of central and northern region, which have the biggest differences in between. Thai traditional house in central region has symmetrical arrangement on layout and when family members are added, they extend 'charn' and attach another building. While in Northern region, the 'charn' is located not in the center and in the front, and the direction of the main building is perpendicular to the length direction of the veranda. This research has a limitation to be generalized because just two region in Thailand were analyzed and the numbers of case studies were few. Nevertheless, we expect this paper to be a primary guidance to understand Thai traditional houses and we also expect that our research area will cover the all areas in Thailand and finally expand to conclude the commonality and diversity of traditional houses in Southeast Asia in the future.