• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1147-1152
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• 2016

본 연구는 돈피 젤라틴 분말의 첨가 수준이 떡갈비의 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 떡갈비의 단백질 함량은 대조구가 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며 돈피젤라틴 분말 4% 처리구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 수분 함량은 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가할수록 점차 높아지는 경향을 보였으나, 지방 함량은 돈피 젤라틴 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가열 전과 후 명도와 적색도는 돈피 젤라틴 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 황색도는 증가하였다(P<0.05). 가열감량, 직경감소율과 두께감소율은 돈피 젤라틴 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 경도는 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가할수록 높은 수치를 나타내었고 3% 처리구와 4% 처리구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 검성과 씹음성은 돈피 젤라틴 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 관능적 특성은 모든 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가할수록 색도와 다즙성에서 대조구보다 우수한 평가를 받았으며, 이외 모든 관능평가 항목에서 3% 처리구가 유의적으로 가장 우수한 평가를 받는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 돈육 떡갈비에 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가하여 품질 특성을 분석한 결과 2~3%의 돈피 젤라틴 분말을 첨가하여 우수한 떡갈비를 제조할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.590-600
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• 2005

The present report has been aimed at reviewing important factors which need to be closely analyzed or considered when increasing the market weight of finishing pigs. The pig market weight has increased worldwide during the past few decades, which is attributable primarily to an increased lean gain potential of finishing pigs. To increase the market weight, however, the acceptability of larger pigs by the packer as well as pork consumers should be met first. By increasing the market weight, total number of breeding stock, as well as the facility for them, necessary for producing a given weight of pork can be reduced, whereas more building space for finishing pigs and an additional nutrition program for the later finishing period are needed. Additionally, a more thorough disease prevention program especially against ileitis and mycoplasma pneumonia may also be needed, because outbreaks of these are known to increase with increasing body weight over 110 kg. Some larger finishing pigs may deposit excessive fat that may be reduced or prevented by using hormonal and/or nutritional agents. Backfat thickness increases linearly with increasing body weight between 110 and 130 kg, whereas intramuscular fat content does not change significantly. With increasing live weight within this range, the ratios of belly and loin to carcass weight also are known to increase. Some physicochemical characteristics related to fresh and cooked meat quality including color, firmness, juiciness, etc. are known to be unaffected or slightly changed following an increase of slaughter weight. In conclusion, ratios of primal cuts and pork quality characteristics are not significantly affected by increasing the market weight. Moreover, increasing the market weight of lean-type pigs approximately up to 130 kg is normally profitable to producers, as long as packers and consumers accept larger pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2000

In order to investigate the effect of incorporation of thermally processed cereal (maize) grain and differently degradable protein sources in the calf starter, twenty four newly born crossbred $(Bos\;taurus{\times}Bos\;indicus)$ calves were assigned at random to six diets in a $3{\times}2$ factorial design involving three protein sources viz. groundnut meal (GN), cottonseed meal (CS) and meat and bone meal (MB), each along with two differently processed grain, namely ground raw (R) and pressure cooked (P) maize. The corresponding calf starters with green oats (Avena sativa) were given free-choice from 14 d onwards till the end of the 90 d experimental feeding. A restricted milk diet was fed till the age of weaning at 60 d. Total DM intake was not affected by cereal or protein sources. However, daily intake of DM (59.23 vs 66.45 g) and CP (12.38 vs 14.10 g) per kg $W^{0.75}$ was reduced (p<0.05) due to cereal processing. Better (p<0.05) feed and protein efficiencies after weaning and during entire period in calves fed processed maize resulted in a trend of higher $(p{\leq}092)$ growth rate especially when GN was the source of protein. In comparison among protein sources, calves fed MB diets tended to grow faster $(p{\leq}098)$ concurrent with a higher CP intake before weaning. It is thus evident that thermal processing of maize in the calf starter seems to improve calf performance. Moreover, results indicated that feeding of protein and starch sources of matching ruminal degradability may prove beneficial for early growth of crossbred calves.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2006

A survey was conducted to investigate the preferences of wedding reception food, food consumption and its nutrient density, and the factors that influence nutrient density, in order to obtain baseline data for the development of an educational program on dining out. Subjects included 105 male and female adults who attended a wedding ceremony and consumed wedding reception food in the Chungbuk area between August and September 2004 and interviewed using a questionnaire. 63.0% of the subjects responded that they over-ate at the reception. 20.5% reported that they skipped the meal before the reception. The respondents who skipped the meal had more calorie intakes (899kcal) than those who did not (800kcal). In food preferences, noodles (51.0%), watermelon (47.0%), rice cake (39.0%), sweet and sour pork (38.0%), potato noodles stir-fried with vegetables (37.0%), beef rib soup with cooked rice (37.0%), bulgogi (35.0%), braised beef ribs (35.0%), fried shrimp (32.0%) were higher percentages in order. People preferred grain, meat and fatty food to vegetables. Total calorie intake from the reception foods were 881 kcal for males, and 769kcal for females. In evaluation of nutrient density, the density of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C and dietary fiber did not meet the standard of the recommended intake. Especially, vitamin C and dietary fiber were less than 50% of the recommended level. The main factors that influence the nutrient density were household incomes, occupations, marital status, and total fat consumed. In conclusion, an educational program should be developed and offered to improve their dietary quality.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1988

조미제품용으로 난황 이용가능성을 구명하기 위해 난황 첨가수준별 제품의 품질 및 건조특성 실험을 실시하였다. 난황 0 ,10 ,20 ,40%를 고기풀 (연육)과 향신료에 각각 섞어 갈은 다음 $90^{\circ}C$에서 1시간동안 가열하여 gel 화시키고 이어서 $55^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 동안 열풍 건조시켰다. 건조전 조미제품의 조직은 난황 10% 처리구에서 전단력 898g, 경도 415g으로 타처리구에 비해 월등히 높았다. 난황첨가량이 많은 조미제품일수록 건조가 지연되었고 수분 활성도도 서서히 감소되었다. 건조 완료된 조미제품(에그저키)의 수분, 지방, 콜레스테롤 함량은 난황 첨가에 따라 증가했으나 단백질함량은 감소하였다. Phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine을 제외한 대부분의 아미노산은 난황 첨가량에 따라 감소하였다. 각 아미노산중 glutamic acid. aspartic acid, lysine 순으로 다량 함유되었고 proline은 거의 발견되지 않았다. 이화학 및 관능시험에 의하면 조미제품에 이용될 수 있는 최적 난황 첨가량은 20% 수준이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.746-750
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• 1999

본 실험은 전자선조사가 돈육등심의 미생물학적 관능적 특성에 영향을 미치는 연구로써 돈육등심부위를 사용하여 호기적 조건하에서 폴리에틸렌 필름으로 포장하여 전자선 가속기를 이용(1 MeV) 총 흡수선량이 0.5, 1, 2 kGy가 되도록 하여 $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 저장하며 실험을 수행하였다. 전자선 조사선량의 증가가 총균수, 내냉성균수 그리고 젖산균수의 억제 효과를 보였다. 관능검사에 있어 삼점검사의 경우 전자선량의 증가하여도 처리구간의 식별강도가 낮게 나타났으며, 척도 묘사의 경우 신선육의 향기, 불쾌취, 육색 그리고 기호성에 별 영향이 없었으며, 조리육에 있어도 약간의 연도와 다즙성의 저하를 가져왔으나 향기, 풍미, 불쾌취, 기호성에 별영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상을 종합해 볼 때, 전자선에 대한 소비자들의 인식을 새롭게만 한다면 1 kGy 이하로 조사할 경우 위생적으로 저장기간을 연장시킬 수 있는 신선 돈육의 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.537-542
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• 1987

가열우육과 양조간장의 model system을 조제한 후 $6^{\circ}C$에서 5주간 저장할 때, 우육지방질에 대한 양조간장의 항산화효과를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 양조간장의 조합비율을 1/10, 2/10, 3/10, 4/10, 5/10수준으로 달리 했을 때 그 비율이 높을수록, 그리고 발효숙성기간을 0, 2, 4, 6개월로 달리한것들을 조합했을때 숙성기간이 긴 것일수록 항산화효과가 크게 나타났다. 그리고 양조간장의 항산화효과의 원인으로 추정되는 유리아미노산 함량, 총phenol량과 Maillard형 갈색반응 물질 등에 대하여 숙성기간 변화양상을 관찰하고 또 항산화성과의 상관성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 갈변반응 물질이 가장 유력한 항산화효과의 원인 물질로 추정되었으며, 갈변물질과 환원력은 양조간장의 발효숙성 기간에 따라 항산화성과 높은 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.265-270
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• 1972

혼성육(混成肉)을 원료(原料)로 한 IM식품(食品)을 제조함에 있어서 그 제조조건(製造條件)을 확립(確立)하고 제품(製品)의 효과 기호성(嗜好性) 및 저장성(貯藏性)을 검토하였다. 즉 마쇄(磨碎)한 오징어와 돈육(豚肉)의 혼성육(混成肉)(1 : 1)을 조미성형(調味成型)하여 간장에 20분간 끓이고, $80^{\circ}C$로 가온(加溫)한 glycerol에 20분 동안 담근다음, $60^{\circ}C$에서 70분간 열풍건조(熱風乾燥)함으로써 부드럽고 기호성이 좋은 제품(製品)을 얻을 수 있었다. 본(本) 시제품(試製品)을 polyethylene(0.05 mm). polypropylene(0.05 mm) 및 Al foil에 각각 포장한 후 $37^{\circ}C$, 포화습도(飽和濕度)의 incubator에 42일간 저장하는 동안에 총균수(總菌數)는 1 g당 230에서 각각 40, 20 및 10으로 감소하였고 같은 조건으로 6개월간 장기 저장한 시료도 마찬가지로 감소경향을 나타내었으며 그 내용물은 식용(食用)함에 있어서 새로 만든 제품에 비하여 손색이 없었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.585-596
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• 2015

Chicken breast dipped with citric acid (CA) was treated by sous vide processing and stored in a refrigerated state for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 14 d. A non-dipped control group (CON) and three groups dipped in different concentrations of citric acid concentration were analyzed (0.5%, 0.5CIT; 2.0%, 2CIT and 5.0%, 5CIT; w/v). Cooking yield and moisture content increased due to the citric acid. While the redness of the juice and meat in all groups showed significant increase during storage, the redness of the citric acid groups was reduced compared to the control group (p<0.05). The percentage of myoglobin denaturation (PMD) of the CA groups was also increased according to the level of CA during storage. Total aerobic counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were generally lower in the citric acid-treated samples than in untreated ones, indicating extended shelf life of the cooked chicken breast dipped in citric acid solution. The shear force of the 2CIT and 5CIT groups was significantly lower (p<0.05). The findings indicated positive effects in the physicochemical properties and storage ability of sous vide chicken breast at 2% and 5% citric acid concentrations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1729-1738
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• 2020

Salmonellosis is a form of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella infection. The main transmission route of salmonellosis has been identified as poorly cooked meat and poultry products contaminated with Salmonella. However, in recent years, the number of outbreaks attributed to contaminated raw produce has increased dramatically. To understand how Salmonella adapts to produce, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow exposed to fresh-cut radish greens. Considering the different Salmonella lifestyles in contact with fresh produce, such as motile and sessile lifestyles, total RNA was extracted from planktonic and epiphytic cells separately. Transcriptomic analysis of S. Virchow cells revealed different transcription profiles between lifestyles. During bacterial adaptation to fresh-cut radish greens, planktonic cells were likely to shift toward anaerobic metabolism, exploiting nitrate as an electron acceptor of anaerobic respiration, and utilizing cobalamin as a cofactor for coupled metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, Salmonella cells adhering to plant surfaces showed coordinated upregulation in genes associated with translation and ribosomal biogenesis, indicating dramatic cellular reprogramming in response to environmental changes. In accordance with the extensive translational response, epiphytic cells showed an increase in the transcription of genes that are important for bacterial motility, nucleotide transporter/metabolism, cell envelope biogenesis, and defense mechanisms. Intriguingly, Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 and SPI-2 displayed up- and downregulation, respectively, regardless of lifestyles in contact with the radish greens, suggesting altered Salmonella virulence during adaptation to plant environments. This study provides molecular insights into Salmonella adaptation to plants as an alternative environmental reservoir.