• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.7
• /
• pp.785-790
• /
• 2009

Purpose : Febrile convulsions are a common pediatric neurological disease, and it is important to prevent such a disease by controlling the risk factors that may recur. A recent report states that influenza virus infections have a high probability of a relationship with febrile convulsions; therefore, it is necessary to identify the clinical properties of febrile convulsions in relation to domestic influenza virus infections. Methods : Between November 2005 and February 2008, children hospitalized because of febrile convulsions and subsequently confirmed to have influenza infections were enrolled as subjects (patient group, n=11). The control subjects were those admitted with influenza virus infections but no febrile convulsions (control group 1, n=46) and those who developed febrile convulsions without influenza virus infection (control group 2, n=53). Results : The patient group showed a higher maximum body temperature ($39.3{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$), more histories of past febrile convulsions (72.7%), and a shorter total duration of fever ($2.9{\pm}1.2$ days) than control group 1. When multivariate analysis was performed, the probability of febrile convulsions was found to be as high as 225.9 times in patients who had influenza virus infections with a past history of febrile convulsions (OR=225.9, 95% CI: 1.7-4780.0, P<0.05). When patients with febrile convulsions were compared based on the symptoms of influenza virus infections, the patient group showed a shorter duration of fever ($0.9{\pm}0.7$ days) before convulsion than control group 2; these convulsions were mostly a recurrence of febrile convulsions. When multivariate analysis was performed, the cases with a past history of febrile convulsions showed 5.5 times (OR=5.5, 95% CI: 1.2-25.1, P=0.03) the probability of convulsions when infected with the influenza virus, and this probability decreased by 0.3 times over one-day increments of the febrile period until febrile convulsions (95% CI: 0.1-0.9, P=0.02). Maximum body temperature, total duration of fever, family history of febrile convulsions, and complex febrile convulsions did not show a statistical significance. Conclusion : In cases of pediatric influenza virus infection, the past history of febrile convulsions could be identified within the risk factor of recurrent febrile convulsions. Therefore, influenza vaccination of children having a past history of febrile convulsions will be helpful to avoid the recurrence of these convulsions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2009

Purpose : Febrile convulsions are classified into simple or complex types, the latter being characterized by increased risk of recurrence and progression to epilepsy. This study aimed to delineate the clinical characteristics of complex febrile convulsions. Methods : Between January 2003 and December 2006, 550 children were diagnosed with febrile convulsions at the Department of Pediatrics, Ilsan Paik Hospital. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed for comparison between simple and complex febrile convulsions, and clinical findings of complex febrile convulsions were clarified. Results : Our subjects comprised a male-to-female ratio of 1.64:1; the age range was from 8 months to 8 years. Simple febrile convulsions comprised 432 cases, i.e., 4 times as many as complex febrile convulsions (118 cases). The causes of febrile illness included acute pharyngotonsillitis (357 cases, 64.9%), pneumonia (55 cases, 10.0%), acute gastroenteritis (37 cases, 6.7%), and otitis media (20 cases, 3.6%). We did not find any significant difference between simple and complex febrile convulsions in most clinical parameters such as gender, age, family history of febrile convulsions, and cause of febrile illness. Regarding subtypes of complex febrile convulsions, repeated convulsions were the most frequent (72.0%), followed by prolonged convulsions (16.9%) and focal convulsions (5.1%). Conclusion : We have reported here the clinical features of complex febrile convulsions. Although the results did not show any significant difference between simple and complex febrile convulsions in most clinical parameters such as gender, age, family history of febrile convulsion, and cause of febrile illness, further studies are essential to delineate complex febrile convulsions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Glufosinate ammonium (GA; phosphinothricin) can induce neurological complications such as altered mental status, amnesia, and convulsions. This study was conducted to evaluate whether blood lipid profiles can help predict convulsions in patients with GA poisoning. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of data acquired at a tertiary academic university hospital from March 2014 to July 2016. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of demographic and laboratory findings of 50 patients with GA poisoning were performed to identify correlations of general characteristics and laboratory findings, including blood lipid profiles of GA-poisoned patients between with and without convulsions. Results: Convulsion as a GA complication showed a significant association with poison volume, age, white blood cell count, and creatine phosphokinase (CK), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in blood according to an independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. However, ANCOVA demonstrated significant association with LDL and triglyceride. Conclusion: Blood lipid profiles, especially serum LDL and triglyceride, were useful in predicting convulsions in patients with GA poisoning.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.448-450
• /
• 2014

Nefopam, a centrally acting analgesic, has been used to control postoperative pain. Reported adverse effects are anticholinergic, cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric. Neurologic adverse reactions to nefopam are confusion, hallucinations, delirium and convulsions. There are several reports about fatal convulsive seizures, presumably related to nefopam. A 71-year-old man was admitted for surgery for a lumbar spinal stenosis. He was administered intravenous analgesics : ketorolac, tramadol, orphenadrine citrate and nefopam HCl. His back pain was so severe that he hardly slept for several days; he even needed morphine and pethidine. At 4 days of administration of intravenous analgesics, the patient suddenly started generalized tonic-clonic seizures for 15 seconds, and subsequently, status epilepticus; these were not responsive to phenytoin and midazolam. After 3 days of barbiturate coma therapy the seizures were controlled. Convulsive seizures related to nefopam appear as focal, generalized, myoclonic types, or status epilepticus, and are not dose-related manifestations. In our case, the possibility of convulsions caused by other drugs or the misuse of drugs was considered. However, we first identified the introduced drugs and excluded the possibility of an accidental misuse of other drugs. Physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of unpredictable and serious convulsions when using nefopam.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.587-591
• /
• 2005

The effect of extremely low frequency (ELF,60Hz) magnetic fields (MFs) on convulsions was investigated in rats. We determined the onset arid duration of convulsions induced by bicuculline alone or by co-exposure to MFs and bicuculline. In addition, we measured the GABA concentrations in the rat brains using HPLC-ECD. MFs strengthened the convulsion induced by bicuculline (0.3, 1, and 3${\mu}g$, I.c.v.), with a shortening of the onset time, but lengthening of the duration time. Co-exposure to MFs and bicuculline decreased the GABA levels in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, whereas MFs alone reduced the level of GABA only in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the exposure to MFs may modulate bicuculline-induced convulsions due to GABA neurotransmissions in rat brains.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.498-500
• /
• 2012

Cranioplasty is performed using autograft and allograft materials on patients to whom craniectomy was applied previously due to the facts that, this region is open to trauma and the scalp makes irritation and pressure onto the brain paranchyma causing brain atrophy and convulsions. Dramatical improvement of neurological deficits, control of convulsions and partial prevention of cerebral atrophy are achieved after these operations. One of the most important complications of cranioplasty is late infection. Here, we report a 43-year-old male patient admitted with the history of purulant discharge from the right temporal incission site for one year to whom cranioplasty had been performed with allograft material 20 days after craniectomy which had been performed in 1989. Allograft cranioplasty material was removed and cranioplasty was performed using new allograft material with the diagnosis of late cranioplasty infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 2001

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.107-122
• /
• 1996

Apoplexy is a disease of a morbid condition manifested as sudden syncope, unconciousness, distortion of face, hemiplegia and dysphasia, usually seen in the middle-aged. The symptoms and signs before sudden onset are headache, dizziness, numbness of extremities, palpitation, etc. This study was performed to investige causes of disease, therapies and prescriptions by insect medicine through the successive medical literatures, recent chinese medical literatures and chinese medical journals. The results are as follows; 1. The treatment of apoplexy is divided into stage of attack and sequela. In stage of attack, the principal therapies of apoplexy are calming the liver, suppressed Yang, dissipate phlegm and elimination weatness. In sequela, the principal therapies of apoplexy are invigorating Qi, promote blood circulation and dredge collateral. 2. Insects medicine have more strong effect than herbal medicine, because apoplexy is a kind of critically desease. 3. Insects medicine is effective in a convalscent stage and sequela of apoplexy. The proper dosage for stage of attack is a small dose of insects medicine(about 2-4g), increse gradually. In convalscent stage, about 4g, in sequela, patients need a large dose of insects medicine(about 8g). 4. Hirudo used to remove stagnated blood and to disperse swelling for the treatment of severe cases of blood stasis, such as cerebral infarction, sequela of cerebrovascular accident, contused wounds. Lumbricus used to for the treatment of convulsions due to high fever, and for hemiplegia and hypertension. Scolopendra used to subdue the endogenous wind for the treatment of various kinds of tics, convulsions and tetanus, and it's character is strong because it will be effective Sthenia-Syndrome of apoplexy. Scorpio used to subdue the endogenous wind for the treatment of various kind of tics, convulsions, tetanus and sequela of cerebrovascular accident.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.245-263
• /
• 1996

In order to investigate the effects of Yangsymtang on the activities of central nervous system, we observed the effects on convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and picrotoxin. The sedative those on spontaneous motor activity and by rota rod method, the those on sleeping time induced by barbiturate and the alleviative those on pain induced by acetic acid and hind limb pressure also were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The solid extracts of Yangsymtang showed no anticonvulsive effects on convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and picrotoxin. 2. As to the sedative effects by rota rod method, th solid extracts of Yangsymtang were recognized as significance(P<0.01). 3. The sleeping time induced by thiopental sodium was not prolonged by the oral administration of the solid extracts of Yangsymtang. 4. The oral administration of Yangsymtang did not influenced the sleeping induced by pentobarbital sodium significantly. 5. As to the effects on spontaneous motor activity, the oral administration of Yangsymtang made spontaneous motor activity decrease significantly(P<0.05). 6. The oral administration of Yangsymtang was significant on pain induced by acetic acid(P<0.001). 7. As to alleviative effects on pain induced by hind limb pressure. The solid extracts of Yangsymtang were not significant.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.586-594
• /
• 1994

The general pharmacological effects of DWQ-013, a new synthetic quinolone antibacterial agent, were examined on the central nervous system in experimentral animals and the following results were obtained. Drug interaction of DWQ-013 with theophylline, fenbufen and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was also examined. DWQ-013 decreased touch escape effect on the general behavior and decreased body temperature at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg in mice. But DWQ 013 had no effect on the locomotor activity, rotarod perfomance and traction test in mice. Furthermore, DWQ-013 increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and affected the onset time in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. DWQ-013 reduced onset time and death time on strychnine-induced convulsions and death time on pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg in mice. But, the drug had no effect on the electroshock. DWQ-013 did not interact with fenbufen and any other NSAIDs but it did interact with theophylline. From these results, it could be suggested that DWQ-013 had less pharmacological effect than other quinolones on the central nervous system.