• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.2 s.31
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

In this study we proposed on effect of the photodecomcomposition of coated nanofiber by $Pd/TiO_2$ for the removal of formaldehyde gas as indoor air pollutant. The photocatalytic reactor was setup in the inside of rectangular box (volume 2 l), UV lamp and the coating nanofiber with $Pd/TiO_2$. This study investigated the reaction rate and the adsorption constant of Langmuir-Heinshelwood, conversion of formaldehyde gas on temperature ($40^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$), effect of conversion (%) under different concentration, and effect of conversion (%) with humidity level on added $SO_2$ gas. As results, the rate constant (k) and adsorption constant (ft) were 114.94ppmv/min, $0.0036ppmv^{-1}$, respectively. and the conversion (%) of formaldehyde gas on temperature ($40^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$) was decreased to about 24%, compare with the first conversion (%). In conversion effect of increasing humidity levels, the presence of sulfur dioxide further decreased than without sulfur dioxide. the decreasing reason of conversion with presence sulfur dioxide judged as a cause of interference factor on the decrease of contact chance with photocatalysts.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different feed conditions on growth, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to the earthworm. The experiment was tested on cow manure(CM) mixed with rice hulls (RH) or rice straw(RS). The mixture ratios were designed as one time, two times and three times of cow manure volume, respectively. The CM and RH mixtures resulted better on growth rate, reproductive efficiency and wormcast production than those for CM and RS mixtures. Especially on three times of RH mixture showed the highest growth characteristics compared to the other mixtures. Although both were between 20 and 34 on carbon and nitrogen ratio, the result inferred that the difference on the growth might have been caused by feeding conditions. On the mixtures of cow manure with rice hulls(CM+RH) was significantly higher on values on the conversion rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues than the mixtures of cow manure with rice straw(CM+RS). The most concerned point of the mixture of earthworm feed is that high contents of volatile solid and total carbon that increases in conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues, and also causes the increase in growth rate and reproductive efficiency. The wormcast could be used as a valuable plant growth medium or soil conditioner for sustainable agriculture and it may be due to their high qualities of physico-chemical properties.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 1974

An observation on bacteriological conversion upon 56 bocteriological positives out of 131 cases of lepromatous leprosy treated by antileprosy morbile service was carried out. Those 131 lepromatous cases were a part of 335 total registered from three Guns of Gangjin, Hwa sun, and Goheung, Cheollanamdo, since 1957 to 1973 that has been under the control of antileprosy morbile unit. The results obtained are summalized as follows, 1. Lepromatous type was 36.9% of all cases. The ratio of male to female was 4.9 to 1. Age between 30-44, the most productive ages, occupied 38.0% and age over 60 occupied 18.0% of all. 2. 42.7% of lepromatous type was bacteriological positive. 43.1% was for male and 43.1% was for female. Age between 20 to 24 shown the highest positive at 63.7% and followed by aged over 60 (62.5%) and under 19 (60.0%). The lowest one was seen at age between 40 to 44 at 29.2%. 3. Bacteriological positive rate at registration was different in accordance with duration of treatment received befor registration. It came up to the highest 100.0% at the group treated one year before registration. That of the group not received any treatment was 56.4%, and the group received 4-5 years was the lowest at 26.1% 4. Bacteriological conversion rate was 44.6% and 14.3% of all positive casese regressed in bacterial number. 37.5% of all active cases converted bacteriologically within 5 years. 5. Bacteriological conversion rate in group received 1 year treatment before registattion was 66.6%. That in group not received any treatment was 31.8% and group received 4-5 years was 33.3%. 6. Considering of total duration reaseved treatment together with before and after registration, 33.9% of all active cases resulted bacteriological conversion or regression within 5 years.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.311-312
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• 2010

The fabricated photovoltaic cells based on PIN heterojunctions, in this study, have a structure of ITO/poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/donor/donor:C60(10nm)/C60(35nm)/2, 9-dimethyl-4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline(8nm)/Al(100nm). The thicknesses of an active layer(donor:C60), an electron transport layer(C60), and hole/exciton blocking layer(BCP) were fixed in the organic photovoltaic cells. We investigated the performance characteristics of the PIN organic photovoltaic cells with copper phthalocyanine(CuPc), tetracene and pentacene as a hole transport layer. Discussion on the photovoltaic cells with CuPc, tetracene and pentacene as a hole transport layer is focussed on the dependency of the power conversion efficiency on the deposition rate and thickness of hole transport layer. The device performance characteristics are elucidated from open-circuit-voltage(Voc), short-circuit-current(Jsc), fill factor(FF), and power conversion efficiency($\eta$). As the deposition rate of donor is reduced, the power conversion efficiency is enhanced by increased short-circuit-current(Jsc). The CuPc-based PIN photovoltaic cell has the limited dependency of power conversion efficiency on the thickness of hole transport layer because of relatively short exciton diffusion length. The photovoltaic cell using tetracene as a hole transport layer, which has relatively long diffusion length, has low efficiency. The maximum power conversion efficiencies of CuPc, tetracene, and pentacene-based photovoltaic cells with optimized deposition rate and thickness of hole transport layer have been achieved to 1.63%, 1.33% and 2.15%, respectively. The photovoltaic cell using pentacene as a hole transport layer showed the highest efficiency because of dramatically enhanced Jsc due to long diffusion length and strong thickness dependence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.384-389
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• 2016

A total of 400, one day-old commercial broiler chicks were divided into five diet groups (negative control, positive control group with 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin, 15 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan, 30 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan, and 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan) and fed for six weeks. Ten broilers were allotted to each of 40 floor pens. Eight floor pens were randomly assigned to one of the 5 diets. Each diet was fed to the broilers for 6 weeks with free access to water and diet. The survival rate, growth rate, feed efficiency, and feed conversion rate of the broilers were calculated. At the end of the feeding trial, the birds were slaughtered, breast muscles deboned, and quality parameters of the breast meat during storage were determined. The high level of dietary ${\beta}$-glucan (60 ppm) showed better feed conversion ratio and survival rate than the negative control. The survival rate of 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan-treated group was the same as that of the antibiotic-treated group, which showed the highest survival rate among the treatments. There was no significant difference in carcass yield, water holding capacity, pH, color, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of chicken breast meat among the 5 treatment groups. Supplementation of 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan to broiler diet improved the survival rate and feed conversion rate of broilers to the same level as 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin group. The result indicated that use of ${\beta}$-glucan (60 ppm) can be a potential alternative to antibiotics to improve the survival and performance of broilers. However, dietary ${\beta}$-glucan showed no effects on the quality parameters of chicken breast meat.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.71-88
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• 2020

CB(Convertible bond) is mezzanine security that have the characteristics of bonds and stocks. From the perspective of investors, the purpose of the research is to empirically investigate the degree of investment efficiency of CB and to suggest efficient investment plans. The research method investigated the maturity interest rate, conversion price, and conversion date for CB, and then linked it with daily stock price fluctuations after the conversion date to determine the degree of investment efficiency and stock conversion effect of CB. As a result of the study, it was analyzed that the ratio of the conversion price exceeded days was only about 1/4 of the conversion date, so the investment efficiency was low. The conversion day yield was -6.3% on average and the maturity day yield was -5.2% on average, showing a minus return on average, which was calculated differently from investor expectations. It was analyzed that the number of stocks with a minus conversion day is 2.4 times greater than the number of plus stocks and 3.7 times more than the number of plus stocks with a minus maturity return, so the expected return on stock conversion of CB is low. The research contribution was derived from the problem that the expected rate of return of CB is not high, and it is that the investor's point of view when purchasing CB was established.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.560-564
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• 2007

The photostabilization and cure kinetics of UV-curable, optical resins containing various formulations of photostabilizers were investigated to determine the system with the highest cure conversion and durability. Photo-DSC analysis revealed that increasing the concentration of a UV absorber (UVA) decreased both the crosslink density and the cure rate due to competition for the incident photons between the photoinitiator and the UVA, whereas including a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) hardly affected either the cure conversion or the cure rate due to its very low absorption of 365 nm. This result was confirmed by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy analyses. QUV ageing experiments showed that the cure conversion and durability were the highest for the UVA/HALS formulation at a ratio of 1 : 2, which is due to their synergistic action.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1992

In order to obtain acetaminophen, a popular analgesic-antipyretic, though microbial p-hydroxylation and N-acetylation of aniline, various Streptomyces strains were screened. Aniline N-acetylation activity was rather ubiquitous but-hydroxylation activity was selective. Microbial conversion pathway of aniline to acetaminophen was considered to be through N-acetylation and p-hydroxylation or vice versa. However, depending on species used, o-hydroxylation and its degradation activity (S. fradiae) and acetaminophen degradation activity (S. coelicolar) were also detected. Among the screened Streptomyces strains, S fradiae NRRL 2702 showed the highest acetanilide p-hydroxylation activity (203% conversion rate). Furthermore, in S. fradiae carbon source and its concentration, phosphate ion concentration and pH of growth medium were found to play the crucial roles in p-hydroxylation activity. Through the proper combination of factors mentioned above, the ten times more activity (26-30% conversion rate) was attained.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 2009

Under recent dramatic declines in response rates, various procedures have been considered among survey practitioners to reduce nonresponse in order to avoid its potential impairment to the inference. In the random digit dialing telephone surveys, substantial efforts are often required to obtain the initial contact for the screener interview. To reduce a burden with higher data collection costs, refusal conversion can be administered only to a random portion of the sample, reducing nonresponse (bias) with an expense of sample variability increment due to the associated weight adjustment. In this paper, we provide ways to determine the optimal subsampling rate using a linear cost model. Our approach for refusal subsampling is to predetermine a random portion from the full sample and to apply refusal conversion efforts if needed only to the subsample.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 1993

As inverstigating the influence of monomers and photoinitiator in the polymerization rate of photopolymerization by using IR spectroscopy, photopolymerizations initiated by ultraviolet radiation are characterized by the presence of an autoacceleration in the polymerization rate as the reaction proceeds. The conversion for the end of the autoacceleration varies considerably depending on the monomer and reaction condition which determines coil size and viscosity. In UV curable systems, the autoacceleration begins at only a few percent conversion and continues to 40% in HEA solution and 60% conversion in EHA solution. The polymerization ate in HEA solution increased as follow; DMHA > HCPK > DMPA and could be explained by the interaction between the initiating radical and HEA monomer and the size of the photodissociated radical of initiator. But the tendency of autoacceleration in EHA solution is almost independent on initiator.