• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1988

With the decreasing incidence of new cases and the highly effective results with antituberculous drug therapy, there is a marked decline in the need for surgery which was formerly such an important part in the successful program of management of this disease. During the period of two years and a half from Jun. 1984 to Dec. 1986, this study represents an analysis of 163 cases of several surgical management for eventual control of pulmonary tuberculosis at National Kon-ju tuberculosis Hospital. 1. Mode of surgical treatment was: Resection; 123 cases [Pneumonectomy: 83, lobectomy: 35, lobectomy plus segmentectomy; 4 segmentectomy: 1], thoracoplasty: 20 and others: 20. 2. Age distribution ranged 16and 68 with average of 34 years. Male and female ratio was 1.2: 1. 3. Surgical indications were: totally destroyed lung; 64, Destroyed lobe of segment; 13, cavity positive sputum; 10, cavity c negative Sputum; 6, Bronchostenosis c atelectasis; 2, empyema c or s BPF; 46, Aspergilloma; 8, Questions of Associated tumor; 4 and other 5. 4. Incidence of Complications was 10.4% and the mortality was 5.5 percent. The cause of mortality were analyzed. The main causes of death were respiratory insufficiency; 4, fulminant hepatitis; 1, hemorrhage; 1 and unknown; 1 in pneumonectomy, and asphyxia; 1 in lobectomy and sepsis; 1 in other procedure. 5. Conversion rare of positive sputum to negative state related to resectional surgery was 91.5%. In pneumonectomy, drug resistant group preoperatively showed 88.1% conversion rate postoperatively and drug sensitive group showed that 100% conversion rate. In lobectomy, both drug resistant and sensitive groups showed that 100% conversion rate postoperatively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.487-496
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• 1995

This study was performed for the comparison of the therapeutic efficiency between 6-month (2HERZ/4HER) and 9-month (9HER) short-course chemotherapy under the programe conditions for pulmonary tuberculosis in terms of sputum AFB negative conversion rate, remedial interruption rate and cost effectiveness analysis. Two hundreds and ninty three patients treated with 9HER and 641 treated with 2HERZ/4HER had been discharged from 22 health centers in Seoul from May 1, 1993 to April 30, 1994. Seven hundreds and seventeen was subsequently analysed excluding 217 patients due to remedial interruption. The results : 1. Bacteriological negative conversion rate in 9HER regimen and 2HERZ/4HER regimen was 97.8% and 96.4% respectively(p>0.05). But the early treatment period, negative conversion rate in 2HERZ/4HER regimen was very higher than in 9HER regimen(p<0.01). 2. Remedial interruption rate for 9HER regimen and 2HERZ/4HER regimen was 34.1% and 13.6% respectively. The primary reason for the interruption was transfering to other clinics and this interruption was high within 3months. 3. Cost effectiveness for 2HERZ/4HER regimen was higher than 9HER regimen. The difference cost effectiveness ratio was 2.33 at the first sputum test and 1.69 at the last sputum test.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. W44 and J124 strain isolated from Kimchi on the growth rate, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion and change of intestine microflora in the weaning piglets. In the experiment 1, growth rate was significantly increased to $28.5\;{\pm}\;4.3\;kg$ and $27.6\;{\pm}\;3.3\;kg$ after oral administration of W44 and J124 strain as feed additives, respectively (p<0.05). ADG and feed conversion were also significantly improved after administration during 44 experiment days (p<0.05). In the analysis of intestinal microflora, the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the experiment groups was significantly increased 100 to 1,000 times compared to those of control group. In the experiment 2, the efficacy of W44 and J124 strains on the growth rate, ADG, feed conversion and change of intestine microflora were reconfirmed significantly (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences on feed conversion in the W44 bead and J124 bead groups. In summary, our results suggest that W-44 and J-124 stains from Kimchi have a significant effect on the weight gain and feed conversion, and it may be useful probiotic strains for the weaning piglets as feed additives.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.586-593
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• 2014

Limited sources of fossil fuels and also global climate changes caused by $CO_2$ emissions are currently discussed around the world. As a renewable, carbon neutral and widely available energy source, biogas is regarded as a promising alternative to fossil fuels. In this study, a plasma dump reformer was proposed to produce $H_2$-rich synthesis gas by a model biogas. The three-phase gliding arc plasma and dump combustor were combined. Screening studies were carried out with the parameter of a dump injector flow rate, water feeding flow rate, air ratio, biogas component ratio and input power. As the results, methane conversion rate, carbon dioxide conversion rate, hydrogen selectivity, carbon monoxide yield at the optimum conditions were achieved to 98%, 69%, 42%, 24.7%, respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.451-465
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• 2003

The major conversion processes of SO$_2$ to sulfate are reactions in gaseous, aqueous phase and on dust surface. Using the measurement data in Ganghwa, the background area of metropolitan Seoul Area, the relative contiribution of the conversion processes are estimated. Generally, aqueous cloud if the most important conversion path followed by dust surface, gas, and aqueous aerosol. Importance of conversion on dust surface increases for the dust storm period. The total conversion rate values over the metropolitan Seoul area are between 1.5 and 8.8$\times$10$^{-11}$ mole m$^{-3}$ air.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1993

Effect of Ca2+ on the conversion of 1-aminocycloprophane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene was studied with 2.5 day-old mung bean hypocotyl segments. The conversion of ACC in these tissues was inhibited by plasmolysis and sulfosuccinimidyl (hydroxyphenyl) propionate (sulfo-SHPP). The ACC induced ethylene production in HC (high calcium)-tissue grown on the Ca2+ added medium was greater than that in N (normal)-tissue. HC-tissue had a lower inhibition rate of ACC conversion by EGTA and Ca2+ -channel blockers than N-tissue. The rates of the ACC conversion by both kinds of tissues were stimulated by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. From these results, we suggests a mechanism for the stimulative effect of Ca2+ on the conversion of ACC to ethylene as follows; in some tissues where ACC conversion is linked with plasma membrane, Ca2+ may be transported from apoplast through Ca2+ -channel into the cytoplasm ad stimulate ACC-oxidase activity.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2003

ATSC (Advanced Television System Committee)에서는 18가지의 DTV (Digital Television)를 위한 동영상 포맷들을 제정하였다. ATSC 포맷들은 스캔 포맷, 크기 포맷, 프레임율 포맷 등의 적당한 조합들이다. 효과적인 MPEG-2 트랜스코딩을 위해서는 이런 포맷들 간의 변환도 지원할 수 있어야 한다. 여러 포맷 변환들 중에서 특히 스캔 포맷 변환은 프레임율과 크기 변화가 함께 일어나기 때문에 상대적으로 구현하기가 힘들다. 스캔포맷 변환으로 픽쳐 타입도 함께 변하기 때문에 트랜스코더의 움직임 추정부 (motion estimation; ME)에 상당한 연산량 부담을 주게 된다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 스캔포맷 변환을 지원하는 MPEG-2 동영상 트랜스코딩을 위한 고속 움직임 추정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저, 트랜스코더의 수신단은 입력 비트열로부터 재 부호화(re-encoding)에 적합한 후보 움직임 벡터들을 추출한다. 그런 다음. 가중치 중간값 선택기(weighted median selector)를 이용하여, 여러 후보 움직임 벡터들 중에서 최적의 움직임 벡터를 선택한다. 모의 실험 결과는 제안한 움직임 추정 알고리즘이 전역 탐색 기법(Full Search Algorithm: FSA)에 비해 현저하게 적은 연산량을 가지면서, FSA와 거의 동일한 PSNR 성능을 가짐을 증명한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1997

The effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper treated with physical or chemical treatment were investigated. To gain the higher saccharification rate, physical or chemical treatment are necessary in enzymatic conversion process of waste paper. The major deterrents to the effective utilization of waste paper for enzymatic conversion process are phenolic compounds, cellulose crystallinity and coating materials. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper, the deterrents through enzymatic conversion process can be eliminated by the physical or chemical treatment. This study was performed to obtain the optimal condition for enzymatic conversion process of non-treated waste paper and to review effects on enzymatic conversion process of waste paper treated with physical or chemical methods. In the aspect of saccharification rate, waste paper treated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite was the most effective and in physical treatment methods, multi-stage treatment(autohydrolysis+refining treatment) was more effective than the other physical treatment.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

The cure properties of self-extinguishing epoxy resin systems with different charge transfer type latent catalysts were investigated, which are composed of YX4000H as a biphenyl epoxy resin, MEH-7800SS as a hardener, and charge transfer type latent catalysts. We designed and used five kinds of charge transfer type latent catalyst and compared to epoxy resin systems with Triphenylphosphine-Benzoquinone(TPP-BQ) as reference system. The cure kinetics of these systems were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry with an isothermal approach, the kinetic parameters of all systems were reported in generalized kinetic equations with diffusion effects. The epoxy resin systems with Triphenylphosphine-Quinhydrone(TPP-QH), Triphenylphosphine-Benzanthrone(TPP-BT) and Triphenylphosphine-Anthrone(TPP-AT) as a charge transfer type latent catalyst showed a cure conversion rate of equal or higher rate than those with TPP-BQ. These systems with TPP-QH and Triphenylphosphine-Tetracyanoethylene(TPP-TCE) showed a critical cure reaction conversion of equal or higher conversion than those with TPP-BQ. The increases of cure conversion rates could be explained by the decrease of the activation energy of these epoxy resin systems. It can be considered that the increases of critical cure reaction conversion would be dependent on the crystallinity of the biphenyl epoxy resin systems.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.362-370
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the reforming characteristics and optimum operating condition of the plasmatron assisted $CH_4$ reforming reaction for the hydrogen-rich gas production. Also, in order to increase the hydrogen production and the methane conversion rate, parametric screening studies were conducted, in which there were the variations of the $CH_4$ flow ratio, $CO_2$ flow ratio, vapor flow ratio, mixing flow ratio and catalyst addition in reactor. High temperature plasma flame was generated by air and arc discharge. The air flow rate and input electric power were fixed 5.1 l/min and 6.4 kW, respectively. When the $CH_4$ flow ratio was 38.5%, the production of hydrogen was maximized and optimal methane conversion rate was 99.2%. Under these optimal conditions, the following synthesis gas concentrations were determined: $H_2$, 45.4%; CO, 6.9%; $CO_2$, 1.5%; and $C_2H_2$, 1.1%. The $H_2/CO$ ratio was 6.6, hydrogen yield was 78.8% and energy conversion rate was 63.6%.