• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2018

In the 21st century, as the emergence of the age of creative economy is expected, interest in the cultivation of creative talents required in society around the world is newly rising. Sustainable development education should not be limited to school education, but should be promoted and supported at all social education sites for the purpose of lifelong education. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to consider the relationship between the possibility of formal and informal learning and the development of capacity in higher education. Exploratory and qualitative research based on intensive groups was designed using several groups of formal and informal learning settings. In China, the creation of a creative economy is set as a major national policy direction for the new government. What is required for talented people in the creative economy era and how to educate them is becoming a major policy issue. The development of core competencies requires multiple contexts based on cognitive non-cognitive disposition. By combining the formal and informal learning environment within higher education for the purpose of a new learning culture, it can provide a variety of situations and improve competency development. While this study can identify aspects of formal and informal learning settings, the interdependencies between them are still difficult to grasp. However, practical implications can be seen clearly. In other words, based on the results, you can point out key aspects of competency acquisition that can be a key element in the higher education environment. As a result, this study analyzed implications for formal and informal learning environments for new ways of developing core competencies in higher education.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.893-903
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• 2018

Rental housing complex is the complex built up for stable supply of residence for low income class and it offers significant implication to the Korean society in the residential welfare aspect, and as it has been the continuous subject of dispute and interest, such an issue has stirred significant interest on residential environment of low income class. It has made along with the residence history of Korea, but in the aspect of quality of life for low income class, there is a significant difference with generally supplied residence, and it ultimately continues with the disputes with the rights on quality of life for low income class. For this study, a total of six rental housing complexes were implemented with the field survey and it also had the survey on facility utility and physical environment. Use of facilities is influenced by the arrangement plan on physical environment of the complex, and in particular, it is influenced by the relationship of the main entry to the complex and surrounding complexes. In addition, following the level of design and facility plan of community space and it has confirmed the need to accommodate the request of users through securing the integrated function of community facilities.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.597-604
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of choice realization between service quality and user satisfaction to elderly home care services. For this purpose, we analyzed 258 respondents who received elderly home care service in Jeollabuk-do. Considering the assumption that the moderating effect of choice realization would be different by rural and urban areas because of the disparity of the elderly welfare infrastructure, the urban and rural areas were analyzed separately. The analyses showed that choice realization had a moderating effect on the relationship between service quality and user's service satisfaction for the service clients resided in urban areas. However, there was no significant moderating effect of choice realization for the service clients in rural areas. This result implies that the moderating effect of selection realization is different in rural and urban areas because of the poor elderly home care facilities in rural areas. In order for aged people to actively express the effect of service user choice, it is necessary to solve welfare imbalance between regions through expansion of welfare infrastructure and policy support to rural area.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2016

The number of people with disabilities is increasing recently in Korea, in particular the proportion of children with disabilities is approximately above 5%. While there are many studies focusing on satisfaction of payment policy due to increased concern about children with disabilities, the studies on comparison and the effect factor of user satisfaction depending on the cash and voucher are not sufficient. Based on the need to recognize and research this issue, the ultimate goal of this study is to lead to implications for the payment policy by investigating user satisfaction depending on the type of payment of policy on children with disabilities. The result that analyzes the effect of general characteristics on user satisfaction shows that in case of in-cash, children and the degree of disability affect user satisfaction. In the case of voucher, the gender of parents, the degree of disability and the average income affect it. The implication of this study suggests practical implication and policy implication. Implications of the study is that provide a customized service considering general characteristics. Second, It needs to extend the range of amount of payment of in-cash. Third, extend and pay the amount of in-cash, and the service of voucher. Fourth, provide low-income group(including public aid recipients and near poverty group) with voucher to ease financial burden.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.76
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• pp.149-172
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• 2023

Purpose of study: The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of the role of Christian liberal arts education in university liberal arts education in the 21st century. Research content and method: It examines how liberal arts education has changed with the times, and examines the modern significance of the role of liberal arts education that is requested today. In the rapidly changing reality of the 21st century, the role of liberal arts education, which was neglected by focusing on major-centered professional education, has become important. The need for creative and integrated thinking skills to create and apply new knowledge on their own has been highlighted. Liberal arts education and Christianity have a common denominator, and they can produce richer fruits through mutual communication. Religious literacy is the ability to identify and analyze the fundamental intersection between religion and social, political, and cultural life through various lenses. It can be said that it is the culture that must be equipped as a democratic citizen living in the 21st century. Understanding religion is the most important humanities and culture. Through the cultivation of religious literacy, it will be possible to develop thinking skills and insights to view the relationship between Christianity and various fields of life as a whole. Conclusions and Suggestions: Through this study, the need for religious literacy was expressed, and the direction of Christian liberal arts education requested in this era was sought. Christian liberal arts education that fosters religious literacy is proposed as a way to handle the role of a holistic leader of public society by aiming for convergent thinking and promoting public responsibility.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.5-33
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• 2003

This study is about the re-validation evaluation of the family Relationship Scale (FRS), developed to measure the family relationship in the social work practice. This study aims at re-validating the FRS, developed and validated in by Yang in 2001 for more general utilization. The sample was married mates and females residing in Seoul. For Face Validity, the content analysis was performed, and the FRS was re-validated in the dimensions of Love & Caring, Acceptance, and Recognition, positive affection, empathy, and autonomy and flexibility for each area. Internal reliability was .93, and internal consistency among three dimensions was 93%. For Empirical Validity, the Construct validity, the Criterion validity, and the Discriminant validity were performed. Construct Validity was validated through factor analyses. Commonalities for the factor analysis was 54%, and the factor loading for each factor was over .45. The confirmative factor analysis also confirmed the fitness of the scale. For Predictive Validity of Criterion Validity, regression analysis showed that the family stress scores became lower as the scores of the family relationship became higher; the discriminant analysis revealed that the family stress turned low ill tile group of high scores of family relationship. The Correlation analysis for Concurrent Validity was performed and the results showed the positive and significant relationship with a couple communication level (r=54) and a parent-child communication level (r=64). Life satisfaction and mental health level also revealed significantly positive correlation to prove Convergent Validity. Physical health level revealed a weak relationship with family relationship providing the evidence of Discriminant Validity. Discriminance was also proved by the analysis of variance with demographics. Thus, Cross Validation was confirmed the validation of the FRS through the various analyses with the married population. This study result improved the validity generalization of the Scale and verify the generalized usage of this sociometric scale in the field of social work practice.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2015

Purpose - This article aims to present and test a model regarding franchisors' supporting activities that may positively influence franchisees' attitude toward the franchising headquarter and their own business performance. Moreover, the authors examine the moderating effect of competitive intensity between franchisee attitude and business performance. Most previous research focused on behavioral performance measurements such as satisfaction, trust, and commitment. There are few empirical studies that focus on financial performance data because it is difficult to determine a relational mechanism between behavioral and financial performance. Moreover, financial data is confidential and difficult to collect in many cases. However, this study measures financial performance (e.g., sales revenue per square meter) differently than most previous research, which is mostly focused on the behavioral performance measurements. Research design, data, and methodology - To test our hypotheses, we selected 137 franchisee managers who are running chains of one of the foremost bakery franchise brands in South Korea. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed instrument by analyzing the data obtained from the samples. The data was analyzed using the AMOS structural equation modeling program. Results - The results indicated that: non-financial support activities (e.g., information exchange and communication) had a positive impact on the franchisee attitude toward the franchising headquarter. The franchisee attitude in turn had a positive effect on the headquarters' business performance. Furthermore, competitive intensity could enhance the relationship between franchisee attitude toward franchising headquarter and business performance in a local franchise market. However, financial support activities (e.g., rewards and promotional support) and training had no relationship with either franchisee attitude or business performance. Conclusions - This study provides some practical implications to franchisors in terms of franchise operation and store opening strategies. With respect to the franchise operation strategy, franchisors need to focus on non-financial rather than financial support. Most franchisees consider the necessity of financial support activities and not their sufficiency because these activities are specified in their franchise contract. In addition, it is important for franchisees to maintain a positive attitude for the franchise headquarters. The franchisees with a positive attitude for the franchisor can show a high degree of solidarity for various support activities, and it consequently determines franchisees' sales performance. In terms of franchise store opening strategy, this study suggests an additional criterion that can be considered in determining the location of direct and non-direct management stores (e.g., franchisees' stores). In this research, franchise stores located within high level of competitive intensity are shown to have a high relationship between franchisee attitudes of franchisor support activities and business performance compared to the franchisees located within low competitive intensity level. This result shows that opening non-direct franchise stores is more effective than direct stores in higher competitive market situations. Research contribution, implications, and further research directions are discussed at the end of the paper.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.65-93
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• 2011

As relationship between buyer and seller has been brought closer and long-term relationship has been more important in B2B markets, the importance of service and service convenience increases as well as product. In homogeneous markets, where service offerings are similar and therefore not key competitive differentiator, providing greater convenience may enable a competitive advantage. Service convenience, as conceptualized by Berry et al. (2002), is defined as the consumers' time and effort perceptions related to buying or using a service. For this reason, B2B customers are interested in how fast the service is provided and how much save non-monetary cost like time or effort by the service convenience along with service quality. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the impact of service convenience on relationship factors such as relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, and relationship performance. The purpose of this study is to find out whether service convenience can be a new antecedent of relationship quality and relationship performance. In addition, this study tries to examine how five-dimensional service convenience constructs (decision convenience, access convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience, post-benefit convenience) affect customers' relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, and relationship performance. The service convenience comprises five fundamental components - decision convenience (the perceived time and effort costs associated with service purchase or use decisions), access convenience(the perceived time and effort costs associated with initiating service delivery), transaction convenience(the perceived time and effort costs associated with finalizing the transaction), benefit convenience(the perceived time and effort costs associated with experiencing the core benefits of the offering) and post-benefit convenience (the perceived time and effort costs associated with reestablishing subsequent contact with the firm). Earlier studies of perceived service convenience in the industrial market are none. The conventional studies that have dealt with service convenience have usually been made in the consumer market, or they have dealt with convenience aspects in the service process. This service convenience measure for consumer market can be useful tool to estimate service quality in B2B market. The conceptualization developed by Berry et al. (2002) reflects a multistage, experiential consumption process in which evaluations of convenience vary at each stage. For this reason, the service convenience measure is good for B2B service environment which has complex processes and various types. Especially when categorizing B2B service as sequential stage of service delivery like Kumar and Kumar (2004), the Berry's service convenience measure which reflect sequential flow of service deliveries suitable to establish B2B service convenience. For this study, data were gathered from respondents who often buy business service and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The sample size in the present study is 119. Composite reliability values and average variance extracted values were examined for each variable to have reliability. We determine whether the measurement model supports the convergent validity by CFA, and discriminant validity was assessed by examining the correlation matrix of the constructs. For each pair of constructs, the square root of the average variance extracted exceeded their correlations, thus supporting the discriminant validity of the constructs. Hypotheses were tested using the Smart PLS 2.0 and we calculated the PLS path values and followed with a bootstrap re-sampling method to test the hypotheses. Among the five dimensional service convenience constructs, four constructs (decision convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience, post-benefit convenience) affected customers' positive relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, and relationship performance. This result means that service convenience is important cue to improve relationship between buyer and seller. One of the five service convenience dimensions, access convenience, does not affect relationship quality and performance, which implies that the dimension of service convenience is not important factor of cumulative satisfaction. The Cumulative satisfaction can be distinguished from transaction-specific customer satisfaction, which is an immediate post-purchase evaluative judgment or an affective reaction to the most recent transactional experience with the firm. Because access convenience minimizes the physical effort associated with initiating an exchange, the effect on relationship satisfaction similar to cumulative satisfaction may be relatively low in terms of importance than transaction-specific customer satisfaction. Also, B2B firms focus on service quality, price, benefit, follow-up service and so on than convenience of time or place in service because it is relatively difficult to change existing transaction partners in B2B market compared to consumer market. In addition, this study using partial least squares methods reveals that customers' satisfaction and commitment toward relationship has mediating role between the service convenience and relationship performance. The result shows that management and investment to improve service convenience make customers' positive relationship satisfaction, and then the positive relationship satisfaction can enhance the relationship commitment and relationship performance. And to conclude, service convenience management is an important part of successful relationship performance management, and the service convenience is an important antecedent of relationship between buyer and seller such as the relationship commitment and relationship performance. Therefore, it has more important to improve relationship performance that service providers enhance service convenience although competitive service development or service quality improvement is important. Given the pressure to provide increased convenience, it is not surprising that organizations have made significant investments in enhancing the convenience aspect of their product and service offering.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.191-199
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• 2020

This study conducted a self-written questionnaire survey on the correlation between job satisfaction, emotional labor, and turnover intention of dental hygienists according to the gender of dental medical institutions. Job satisfaction was high smoking cessation, emotional labor was low age. Turnover intention was low in over 35 years old, number of employees was 11-20, was high in smoking. For women, job satisfaction was high 10 years experience, university, 20 employees. Emotional labor was low age, drinking. Intention to turnover was high in college, single, drinking. Men's emotional labor was 0.22 times less than women's, but their turnover intention was 3.9 times higher. The number of employees was 2.7 times higher than 10 employees. Therefore, efforts to raise job satisfaction and reduce emotional labor and turnover intentions should be made systematically in consideration of gender differences.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.459-466
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• 2020

This study aimed to analyze characteristics and factors affecting of depression by households type of elderly with disabilities. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, logistic regression analyses according to the PSED. Data were 608 individuals. First, The one-person households group showed significantly female, non-capital, severe disorder, lower health status, lower economic level, higher help for daily life, higher experience of discrimination, lower satisfaction with relationship, lower participation in social activities. Second, Factors affecting depression included experience of discrimination, participation in social activities. Multi-person group included gender, occupied area, health status, economic level and one-person group were help for daily life. In order to reduce depression, it is necessary to reduce experience of discrimination, improve awareness of disability, health care, economic supports and so on. This study is meaningful in that it classifies households types. In the future, there is a need to longitudinal studies.