• 제목/요약/키워드: Convergent

검색결과 2,243건 처리시간 0.039초

기초디자인 교육에 있어서 매핑기법의 활용 방법에 관한 기초연구 (A Basic Research on the Method for Applying Mapping Technique to Basic Design Education)

  • 박응범;홍정표
    • 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국감성과학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 및 국제감성 심포지엄
    • /
    • pp.67-69
    • /
    • 2007
  • Customary way of thinking may be the most major stumbling block to creative thinking in basic design education in the information and network era. The basic design education was used to be based on personal experience or subjective ideas, but these days, the role of divergent thinking and convergent thinking which provide the basis of creative techniques has been closely examined. Going beyond a divergent thinking and directly starting a convergent thinking means bypassing the design process of the existing basic design education. Though preceding studies considered various creative techniques apart from divergent thinking and convergent thinking, this study presumed that complementing the most typical methods of divergent thinking and convergent thinking may result in the same basic design education effect. So, what approach must be used to the design? The way of thinking needs to change. For that, we try to apply the mapping to basic design education. It must encompass interactive thinking which includes immaterial elements and communication. Divergent thinking can begin with the accurate understanding of current state, and the created current state resolves the design process that needs to be a certain thing. The purpose of this study was to present the method for applying the mapping techniques to basic design education based on divergent and convergent thinking which provides the basis of creative ideas.

  • PDF

Progress and Challenges in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccines and Current Understanding of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Responses

  • Kim, Kyun-Do;Hwang, Insu;Ku, Keun Bon;Lee, Sumin;Kim, Seong-Jun;Kim, Chonsaeng
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제30권8호
    • /
    • pp.1109-1115
    • /
    • 2020
  • The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally, and the WHO has declared this outbreak a pandemic. Vaccines are an effective way to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be understood for the development of an efficient and safe vaccine. Here, we review the current understanding of vaccine targets and the status of vaccine development for COVID-19. We also describe host immune responses to highly pathogenic human coronaviruses in terms of innate and adaptive immunities.

컨버전스 제품의 인식 및 평가에 대한 실증적 연구 : 결합 개념 이론을 중심으로 (Empirical Studies on the Conceptual Combination of Digital Convergence Products)

  • 김진우;윤지은;이인성;이기호;최보름
    • 경영과학
    • /
    • 제25권3호
    • /
    • pp.101-122
    • /
    • 2008
  • A wide variety of convergent digital products are emerging through the combination of multiple independent digital technologies. Digital convergence provides new revenue sources for businesses and new ways of satisfying individual needs of consumers. Despite its business and consumer implications, little research has addressed how people perceive or evaluate convergent products. This study aims at understanding how consumers interpret and evaluate convergent digital products by conducting two consecutive studies. Firstly, a survey was conducted to understand how people interpret convergent products in three ways suggested by the conceptual combination theory based in cognitive science. Secondly, an experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of combination strategies and product similarities on user evaluation of convergent products. Study results indicate that similarity of constituent products has a substantial effect on the interpretation of concept combination strategies. Moreover, combination strategy and product similarity were found to have substantial effects on user comprehension, perceived newness, and preferences for convergent products. This paper ends with an examination of the implications and limitations of the study results.

Convergent 열처리를 통한Nd23Dy10Fe64TM2B1 소결자석의 보자력 향상 (Coercivity Enhancement of Nd23Dy10Fe64TM2B1 Sintered Magnet by Convergent Heat Treatment)

  • 김훈섭;김세훈;김진우;김영도
    • 한국분말재료학회지
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this study, a convergent heat treatment was performed in certain temperature regions in order to control the microstructures of Nd-rich phases and to reduce thermal stress on grain boundaries which could be caused during expansion and shrinkage of Nd-rich and $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ phases. The difference of thermal expansion coefficient between $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ and Nd-rich phases is the mechanism for convergent heat treatment. The Nd-rich phases which were located in junctions could penetrate into the grain boundaries between $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ phases due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficient. Through the convergent heat treatment, the microcracks that were observed in cyclic heat treatment were not observed and coercivity was increased to 34.05 kOe at 8 cycles.

Repurposing Screens of FDA-Approved Drugs Identify 29 Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

  • Ku, Keun Bon;Shin, Hye Jin;Kim, Hae Soo;Kim, Bum-Tae;Kim, Seong-Jun;Kim, Chonsaeng
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제30권12호
    • /
    • pp.1843-1853
    • /
    • 2020
  • COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally and caused serious social and economic problems. The WHO has declared this outbreak a pandemic. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Drugs already approved for clinical use would be ideal candidates for rapid development as COVID-19 treatments. In this work, we screened 1,473 FDA-approved drugs to identify inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection using cell-based assays. The antiviral activity of each compound was measured based on the immunofluorescent staining of infected cells using anti-dsRNA antibody. Twenty-nine drugs among those tested showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. We report this new list of inhibitors to quickly provide basic information for consideration in developing potential therapies.

Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

  • Ahn, Dae-Gyun;Shin, Hye-Jin;Kim, Mi-Hwa;Lee, Sunhee;Kim, Hae-Soo;Myoung, Jinjong;Kim, Bum-Tae;Kim, Seong-Jun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제30권3호
    • /
    • pp.313-324
    • /
    • 2020
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China. The etiological agent of COVID-19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is most likely originated from zoonotic coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV, which emerged in 2002. Within a few months of the first report, SARS-CoV-2 had spread across China and worldwide, reaching a pandemic level. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19.

노즐 축소부 수렴각이 고속 광섬유 피복유동에 미치는 영향 (EFFECTS OF CONVERGENT ANGLE OF NOZZLE CONTRACTION ON HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL FIBER COATING FLOW)

  • 박신;김경진;곽호상
    • 한국전산유체공학회지
    • /
    • 제21권4호
    • /
    • pp.11-18
    • /
    • 2016
  • A numerical study is conducted on the optical fiber coating flow in a primary coating nozzle consisting of three major parts: a resin chamber, a contraction and a coating die of small diameter. The flow is driven by the optical fiber penetrating the center of the nozzle at a high speed. The axisymmetric two-dimensional flow and heat transfer induced by viscous heating are examined based on the laminar flow assumption. Numerical experiments are performed with varying the convergent angle of nozzle contraction and the optical fiber drawing speed. The numerical results show that for high drawing speed greater than 30 m/s, there is a transition in the essential flow features depending on the convergent angle. For a large convergent angle greater than $30^{\circ}$, unfavorable multicellular flow structures are monitored, which could be associated with wall boundary-layer separation. In the regime of small convergent angle, as the angle increases, the highest resin temperature at the exit of die and the coating thickness decrease but the sensitivity of coating thickness on drawing speed and the maximum shear strain of resin on the optical fiber increase. The effects of the convergent angle are discussed in view of compromise searching for an appropriate angle for high-speed optical fiber coating.

증명학습에서 생성-수렴 수업 모형의 개발과 적용 (Development and Applications of Mathematical Proof Learning-Teaching Methods: the Generative-Convergent Model)

  • 이종희;김부미
    • 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
    • /
    • 제6권1호
    • /
    • pp.59-90
    • /
    • 2004
  • 본 연구에서는 중학생들이 증명학습을 할 때 범하는 수학적 오류를 교수학적으로 처방할 뿐만 아니라 올바른 증명의 역할과 본질을 이해하여 증명과정을 스스로 구성할 수 있도록, '생성-수렴 모형에 의한 증명학습'이라는 증명 학습-지도 방법을 제시하였다. 이 수업모형을 8학년 학생 160명을 대상으로 10주 동안 40시간에 걸쳐 여러 가지 사각형의 성질과 관계를 학습할 때 적용하여 학생들의 증명능력 향상과 오류 교정에 미치는 효과 및 학생들의 정당화 유형 양상으로 세분화하여 그 결과를 살펴보았다. 첫째, 생성-수렴 모형에 의한 증명학습을 실시한 실험집단의 학생들은 통제집단의 학생들보다 증명능력 검사에서 평균점수는 높았다. 그러나 유의수준 .01에서 통계적 검정을 실시한 결과, 두 집단 간의 증명능력은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 학생들은 논증기하 영역에서 증명을 할 때 범하는 오류 교정율에 있어서 생성-수렴 모형에 의한 증명학습을 한 학생들의 오류 교정율이 통제집단보다 더 큰폭으로 감소하였다. 셋째, 학생들의 정당화 유형은 실험집단과 통제집단 모두 경험적 정당화에서 분석적 정당화로의 이행을 보였으나, 생성-수렴 모형에 의한 증명학습을 한 학생들이 통제집단의 학생들보다 분석적 정당화를 구성하는 학생들이 현저하게 증가하였다.

  • PDF

압력감응페인트를 이용한 확대/축소 유로에서의 막냉각 효율 측정 (Measurement of the Film Cooling Effectiveness using Pressure Sensitive Paint on Convergent/Divergent Channel)

  • 박승덕;이기선;김성하;김학봉;곽재수;김춘택;양계병
    • 한국유체기계학회 논문집
    • /
    • 제11권6호
    • /
    • pp.31-37
    • /
    • 2008
  • Film cooling effectiveness on the convergent or divergent channel was measured by pressure sensitive paint technique. The channel convergent or divergent angle was changed from $-5^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$ and the tested blowing ratios were 0.5, 1 and 2. Results showed that the film cooling effectiveness on the convergent channel was not much affected by the convergent angle. With divergent film cooled surface, the film cooling effectiveness near the injection hole decreased as the divergent angle increases. However, the film cooling effectiveness at far downstream from the hole showed opposite trend. For the non-film cooled surface inclined case, the film cooling effectiveness was not much affected by the divergent angle.