• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.951-956
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• 2023

In the current situation where systematic and active disaster management is becoming more important, domestic libraries do not have their own disaster management plans or support systems. In order to improve these problems, this study looked at overseas cases. Among them, we looked at Japan, where related cases and research are actively underway due to its exposure to various geopolitical disasters. In particular, we focused on cases of public-private cooperation established after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Association's Library Disaster Response Committee and saveMALK, a voluntary network of experts. The Library Disaster Response Committee played a central role in organizing donations and volunteer activities, and saveMALK played a role in collecting and sharing information by forming a collective intelligence among relevant experts. This analysis of the Japanese case has positive implications for building collaborative disaster management system.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.37.1-37.11
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• 2023

Forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3⁺)-inducible Tregs (iTregs) are readily generated by TGF-β1 at low TCR signaling intensity. TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression is further enhanced by retinoic acid (RA) and lactoferrin (LF). However, the intensity of TCR signaling required for induction of Foxp3 expression by TGF-β1 in combination with RA and LF is unknown. Here, we found that either RA or LF alone decreased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression at low TCR signaling intensity. In contrast, at high TCR signaling intensity, the addition of either RA or LF strongly increased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression. Moreover, decreased CD28 stimulation was more favorable for TGF-β1/LF-mediated Foxp3 expression. Lastly, we found that at high signaling intensities of both TCR and CD28, combined treatment with TGF-β1, RA, and LF induced robust expression of Foxp3, in parallel with powerful suppressive activity against responder T cell proliferation. Our findings that TGFβ/RA/LF strongly generate high affinity Ag-specific iTreg population would be useful for the control of unwanted hypersensitive immune reactions such as various autoimmune diseases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.40.1-40.14
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• 2023

Glucocorticoids suppress the vascular inflammation that occurs under hypercholesterolemia, as demonstrated in an animal model fed a high-cholesterol diet. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects remain poorly understood. Because cholesterol is oxidized to form cholesterol oxides (oxysterols) that are capable of inducing inflammation, we investigated whether glucocorticoids affect the immune responses evoked by 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7αOHChol). The treatment of human THP-1 monocytic cells with dexamethasone (Dex) and prednisolone (Pdn) downregulated the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as TLR6 and CD14, and diminished 7αOHChol-enhanced response to FSL-1, a TLR2/6 ligand, and lipopolysaccharide, which interacts with CD14 to initiate immune responses, as determined by the reduced secretion of IL-23 and CCL2, respectively. Glucocorticoids weakened the 7αOHChol-induced production of CCL2 and CCR5 ligands, which was accompanied by decreased migration of monocytic cells and CCR5-expressing Jurkat T cells. Treatment with Dex or Pdn also reduced the phosphorylation of the Akt-1 Src, ERK1/2, and p65 subunits. These results indicate that both Dex and Pdn impair the expression of PRRs and their downstream products, chemokine production, and phosphorylation of signaling molecules. Collectively, glucocorticoids suppress the innate immune response and activation of monocytic cells to an inflammatory phenotype enhanced or induced by 7αOHChol, which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects in hypercholesterolemic conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2024

In building information model (BIM), it is difficult to train an artificial intelligence (AI) model due to the lack of sufficient data about individual projects in an architecture firm. In this paper, we present a methodology to correctly train an AI neural network model based on a large language model (LLM) to predict the steel structure product weight ratios in BIM. The proposed method, with the aid of the LLM, can overcome the inherent problem of limited data availability in BIM and handle a combination of natural language and numerical data. The experimental results showed that the proposed method demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than methods based on a smaller language model. The potential for effectively applying large language models in BIM is confirmed, leading to expectations of preventing building accidents and efficiently managing construction costs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1290-1304
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• 2020

Medical image analyses have been widely used to differentiate normal and abnormal cases, detect lesions, segment organs, etc. Recently, owing to many breakthroughs in artificial intelligence techniques, medical image analyses based on deep learning have been actively studied. However, sufficient medical data are difficult to obtain, and data imbalance between classes hinder the improvement of deep learning performance. To resolve these issues, various studies have been performed, and data augmentation has been found to be a solution. In this review, we introduce data augmentation techniques, including image processing, such as rotation, shift, and intensity variation methods, generative adversarial network-based method, and image property mixing methods. Subsequently, we examine various deep learning studies based on data augmentation techniques. Finally, we discuss the necessity and future directions of data augmentation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.44.1-44.15
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• 2021

Tumor peptides associated with MHC class I molecules or their synthetic variants have attracted great attention for their potential use as vaccines to induce tumor-specific CTLs. However, the outcome of clinical trials of peptide-based tumor vaccines has been disappointing. There are various reasons for this lack of success, such as difficulties in delivering the peptides specifically to professional Ag-presenting cells, short peptide half-life in vivo, and limited peptide immunogenicity. We report here a novel peptide vaccination strategy that efficiently induces peptide-specific CTLs. Nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated from a biodegradable polymer, poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), attached to H-2K^b molecules, and then the natural peptide epitopes associated with the H-2K^b molecules were exchanged with a model tumor peptide, SIINFEKL (OVA_257-268). These NPs were efficiently phagocytosed by immature dendritic cells (DCs), inducing DC maturation and activation. In addition, the DCs that phagocytosed SIINFEKL-pulsed NPs potently activated SIINFEKL-H2K^b complex-specific CD8⁺ T cells via cross-presentation of SIINFEKL. In vivo studies showed that intravenous administration of SIINFEKL-pulsed NPs effectively generated SIINFEKL-specific CD8⁺ T cells in both normal and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, intravenous administration of SIINFEKL-pulsed NPs into EG7.OVA tumor-bearing mice almost completely inhibited the tumor growth. These results demonstrate that vaccination with polymeric NPs coated with tumor peptide-MHC-I complexes is a novel strategy for efficient induction of tumor-specific CTLs.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2016

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that sample their environment and present antigens to naïve T lymphocytes for the subsequent antigen-specific immune responses. DCs exist in a range of distinct subpopulations including plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and classical DCs (cDCs), with the latter consisting of the cDC1 and cDC2 lineages. Although the roles of DC-specific transcription factors across the DC subsets have become understood, the posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate DC development are yet to be elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in a myriad of biological processes, but their contribution to the immune system is just beginning to surface. In this study, our in-house probe collection was screened to identify miRNAs possibly involved in DC development and function by targeting the transcripts of relevant mouse transcription factors. Examination of DC subsets from the culture of mouse bone marrow with Flt3 ligand identified high expression of miR-124 which was able to target the transcript of TCF4, a transcription factor critical for the development and homeostasis of pDCs. Further expression profiling of mouse DC subsets isolated from in vitro culture as well as via ex vivo purification demonstrated that miR-124 was outstandingly expressed in CD24⁺ cDC1 cells compared to in pDCs and CD172α⁺ cDC2 cells. These results imply that miR-124 is likely involved in the processes of DC subset development by posttranscriptional regulation of a transcription factor(s).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

This study investigated the hydrogeochemical and microbiological characteristics of freshwater on Ulleung Island, a volcanic island in the Ulleung Basin on the East Coast of Korea. The shallow groundwater (CSW, NRGW) and the surface water (SISW) samples are classified as Na-HCO₃ type, reflecting an alkaline rock type and an oxidizing environment due to the influence of a highly permeable pyroclastic rock layer. In contrast, the deep groundwater sample (DMW) is classified as Ca-HCO₃ type, suggesting the influence of deep-sourced carbon dioxide and reducing conditions. Microbial communities in the water samples are generally dominated by Proteobacteria, with the relative abundance of major genera varying depending on water quality and environmental conditions. Network analysis reveals the ecological characteristics of microbial communities adapted to specific environments. The presence of pathogenic genera in the shallow groundwater suggests potential groundwater contamination, necessitating appropriate management to ensure its use as drinking water or domestic water. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the ecological characteristics of Ulleung Island's groundwater resources and can inform future groundwater management strategies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.453-458
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• 2024

Due to global issues such as climate crisis and rising energy costs, there is an increasing focus on energy conservation and management. In the case of South Korea, approximately 53.5% of the total energy consumption comes from industrial complexes. In order to address this, we aimed to improve issues through the 'Shared Network Utility Plant' among companies using similar energy utilities to find energy-saving points. For effective energy conservation, various techniques are utilized, and stable data supply is crucial for the reliable operation of factories. Many anomaly detection and alert systems for checking the stability of data supply were dependent on Energy Management Systems (EMS), which had limitations. The construction of an EMS involves large-scale systems, making it difficult to implement in small factories with spatial and energy constraints. In this paper, we aim to overcome these challenges by constructing a data collection system and anomaly detection alert system on embedded devices that consume minimal space and power. We explore the possibilities of utilizing anomaly detection alert systems in typical institutions for data collection and study the construction process.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.589-594
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• 2024

In this paper, we introduce the results of the Sounding Rocket LTE communication test using the LTE-Cat.M1 module. The developed LTE data transmission/reception system consists of Mission-Mounted Equipment(Payload) and Ground Observation Equipment(GOE), and the delay rate was secured based on the time between data measured when received from the GOE by constantly transmitting data from the Payload at a speed of 10 Hz. In order to increase the accuracy of the actual flight test, ground network delay rate tests, hardware internal delay rate tests, and ground tests were performed. As a result of the flight test, it was confirmed that the handover failed in the upward phase and the communication was lost for 13 seconds, and then the parachute was deployed and the communication was reconnected in a situation with a constant positional displacement. LTE-Cat.M1 technology is expected to be utilized for descent phase observation missions or data backup during Sounding Rocket missions.