• 제목/요약/키워드: Conventional TENS

검색결과 70건 처리시간 0.043초

The effects of complex decongestive therapy on pain and functionality in individuals with breast cancer who developed adhesive capsulitis due to lymphedema: an evaluation by an isokinetic computerized system

  • Tatar, Konca Kaya;Turhan, Begumhan
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.280-290
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    • 2022
  • Background: This study aimed to determine the impact of complex decongestive therapy applications on upper extremity function in breast cancer patients who developed adhesive capsulitis after lymphedema. Methods: Thirty patients who developed adhesive capsulitis due to lymphedema were divided into two groups as study (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Both groups received 20 minutes of exercise five days a week for three weeks using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer, as well as a hot pack and TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) treatment to the shoulder joint. The study group received 45 minutes of intensive decongestive therapy along with the adhesive capsulitis treatment. The visual analogue scale was used to assess pain, circumference, and volumetric measurements were used to assess edema, and the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Problems Questionnaire (DASH: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) was used to assess upper extremity functionality. The shoulder range of motion was evaluated. Results: Both groups had improvements in pain (P < 0.001), shoulder joint range of motion (P < 0.001), and upper extremity functionality (P < 0.001) after the treatment. There was a significant decrease in circumference and volumetric measurements in the study group (P < 0.001). However, no differences were seen in measurements in the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that complex decongestive therapy was beneficial in reducing lymphedema in breast cancer patients who acquired adhesive capsulitis due to lymphedema. Consequently, the authors believe that supplementing conventional physiotherapy with complex decongestive therapy will benefit patients.

IoT 기반 하이브리드 계측시스템 실시간 다점 측정 성능 평가 (Evaluation on real-time multi-point sensing performance of IoT-based hybrid measurement system)

  • 김헌영;강동훈
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.543-550
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    • 2018
  • 4차 산업혁명의 도래와 함께 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있는 IoT 기술은 다양한 센서의 무선화를 가능하게 하였으며 많은 분야에서 응용연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 철도현장의 경우 수 km에 이르는 교량, 터널 등 계측사이트의 규모가 매우 방대한 특징으로 인해, 보편적으로 활용되는 전기식 센서의 경우 원거리 계측으로 인한 신호 잡음 문제, 전철화에 따른 고전압 환경에 기인한 전자기파 간섭 문제로 계측에 어려움이 있다. 이를 극복하고자, 전기식 센서를 대체하기 위한 광섬유 센서 연구가 많이 수행되었으나, 센서 종류의 다양성 부족 등이 현장 적용의 한계로 작용하고 있는 실정이다. 이런 현장의 상황을 토대로, 전기식 센서와 광섬유 센서를 동시에 사용할 수 있으며 IoT 기술을 통해 무선 데이터 통신이 가능한 하이브리드 계측시스템이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는, 선행연구를 통해 개발된 하이브리드 계측시스템의 다양한 계측현장 적용성을 평가하기 위해 4가지 형태의 계측환경을 모사하여 실시간 계측 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 전기식 및 광학식 센서 모두 높은 추종성을 보이며 원격지에서 실시간으로 계측이 가능하였으며, 본 계측시스템이 50개의 센서를 동시에 2.5kHz의 샘플링으로 계측할 경우에도 적용 가능한 수준임을 확인하였다. 향후, IoT 기반 하이브리드 계측시스템의 다양한 현장 적용을 통해 실시간 건전성 모니터링 기술 기반의 구조안전성 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

Effect of hydrothermal processing on ginseng extract

  • Ryu, Jebin;Lee, Hun Wook;Yoon, Junho;Seo, Bumjoon;Kwon, Dong Eui;Shin, Un-Moo;Choi, Kwang-joon;Lee, Youn-Woo
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.572-577
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    • 2017
  • Background: Panax ginseng Meyer is cultivated because of its medicinal effects on the immune system, blood pressure, and cancer. Major ginsenosides in fresh ginseng are converted to minor ginsenosides by structural changes such as hydrolysis and dehydration. The transformed ginsenosides are generally more bioavailable and bioactive than the primary ginsenosides. Therefore, in this study, hydrothermal processing was applied to ginseng preparation to increase the yields of the transformed ginsenosides, such as 20(S)-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, and enhance antioxidant activities in an effective way. Methods: Ginseng extract was hydrothermally processed using batch reactors at $100-160^{\circ}C$ with differing reaction times. Quantitative analysis of the ginsenoside yields was performed using HPLC, and the antioxidant activity was qualitatively analyzed by evaluating 2,2'-azino-bis radical cation scavenging, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and phenolic antioxidants. Red ginseng and sun ginseng were prepared by conventional steaming as the control group. Results: Unlike steaming, the hydrothermal process was performed under homogeneous conditions. Chemical reaction, heat transfer, and mass transfer are generally more efficient in homogeneous reactions. Therefore, maximum yields for the hydrothermal process were 2.5-25 times higher than those for steaming, and the antioxidant activities showed 1.6-4-fold increases for the hydrothermal process. Moreover, the reaction time was decreased from 3 h to 15-35 min using hydrothermal processing. Conclusion: Therefore, hydrothermal processing offers significant improvements over the conventional steaming process. In particular, at temperatures over $140^{\circ}C$, high yields of the transformed ginsenosides and increased antioxidant activities were obtained in tens of minutes.

AM 라디오 고효율전송의 전력 절감 효과 분석 (A Study on Power Saving Effect Through Introduction of AM Radio High Efficient Transmission System)

  • 이상운
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.670-675
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    • 2019
  • AM 라디오 방송은 FM라디오 대비해 음질은 떨어지나 서비스 권역이 넓으며, 야간에는 전리층 반사를 이용하여 해외까지도 송신이 가능한 장점이 있다. 그러나 AM라디오방송은 통상 수십 ~ 수백 kW 급의 대출력 송신을 위해 많은 전력이 요구되어 방송사의 재정적 부담으로 작용된다. 이런 이유에서 최근 국내 방송사들은 AM 라디오방송 송출 전력을 낮출 수 있는 고효율 송출방식의 도입을 요구하고 있다. 따라서 이들 방식이 기존 AM라디오 방송 송출 대비 어느 정도의 전력 절감이 가능하며, 기존의 허가 서비스 권역과 음질을 유지될 수 있는 지와 해당 기술을 도입하기 위해서 어떤 정책들이 필요한 지 등이 정책적 이슈로 대두되었다. 본고에서는 기존 AM 라디오방송 송출시스템에 고효율 전송방식을 적용할 경우에 대해 송출 전력의 절감을 예측하였다. 연구 결과 기존 AM라디오 송출방식 대신 AMC방식의 고효율전송 방식을 채택할 경우, AM라디오 변조율이 70%인 경우 -3 dB의 컴팬딩을 적용하면 연간 AM라디오 방송 송출에 소요되는 전력요금이 51억8천5백만원에서 35억2천8백만원으로 감소되어 32.0%, -6 dB의 컴팬딩을 적용하면 26억 8백만원으로 감소되어 49.7%가 절감되는 것으로 분석되었다.

Fabrication of Field Emitter Arrays by Transferring Filtered Carbon Nanotubes onto Conducting Substrates

  • Jang, Eun-Soo;Goak, Jung-Choon;Lee, Han-Sung;Lee, Seung-Ho;Lee, Nae-Sung
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.311-311
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    • 2009
  • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) belong to an ideal material for field emitters because of their superior electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties together with unique geometric features. Several applications of CNTs to field emitters have been demonstrated in electron emission devices such as field emission display (FED), backlight unit (BLU), X-ray source, etc. In this study, we fabricated a CNT cathode by using filtration processes. First, an aqueous CNT solution was prepared by ultrasonically dispersing purified single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) in deionized water with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The aqueous CNT solution in a milliliter or even several tens of micro-litters was filtered by an alumina membrane through the vacuum filtration, and an ultra-thin CNT film was formed onto the alumina membrane. Thereafter, the alumina membrane was solvated by acetone, and the floating CNT film was easily transferred to indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate in an area defined as 1 cm with a film mask. The CNT film was subjected to an activation process with an adhesive roller, erecting the CNTs up to serve as electron emitters. In order to measure their luminance characteristics, an ITO-coated glass substrate having phosphor was employed as an anode plate. Our field emitter array (FEA) was fairly transparent unlike conventional FEAs, which enabled light to emit not only through the anode frontside but also through the cathode backside, where luminace on the cathode backside was higher than that on the anode frontside. Futhermore, we added a reflecting metal layer to cathode or anode side to enhance the luminance of light passing through the other side. In one case, the metal layer was formed onto the bottom face of the cathode substrate and reflected the light back so that light passed only through the anode substrate. In the other case, the reflecting layer coated on the anode substrate made all light go only through the cathode substrate. Among the two cases, the latter showed higher luminance than the former. This study will discuss the morphologies and field emission characteristics of CNT emitters according to the experimental parameters in fabricating the lamps emitting light on the both sides or only on the either side.

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Three-Level H-Bridge 컨버터를 이용한 철도차량용 지능형 변압기의 구조 및 제어 (Structure and Control of Smart Transformer with Single-Phase Three-Level H-Bridge Cascade Converter for Railway Traction System)

  • 김성민;이승환;김명룡
    • 한국철도학회논문집
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.617-628
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문은 철도차량의 추진용 유입식 변압기 및 AC/DC 컨버터를 대체하기 위한 지능형 변압기의 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 지능형 변압기는 반도체 스위칭 소자 및 고주파 변압기를 사용한 양방향 전력 변환 컨버터의 형태로써, 기존 변압기에 비해 경량화 되고, 역률 제어 등의 능동적인 제어 성능으로 인해 단상 계통 전원의 효율적인 활용을 가능하게 한다. 제안하는 지능형 변압기는 60Hz 교류 고전압을 직류 고전압으로 변환하기 위한 정류단으로 Neutral point clamped type 의 H-bridge 컨버터를 여러 개 직렬 연결해 구성했다. 직류로 변환된 입력단 전력은 고주파 변압기와 Neutral point clamped type H-bridge 컨버터 2개로 구성된 Dual-Active-Bridge 컨버터를 이용해 출력측에 필요한 저전압을 공급할 수 있도록 했다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 다수의 컨버터 모듈 내부 직류단 전압을 균형제어하며, 단상 교류 전원에서 직류 출력 전원간의 양방향 전력 제어를 가능하게 하는 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 지능형 변압기의 구조 및 제어 시스템은 75kVA 급 3.3kVrms 입력, 750VDC 출력의 지능형 변압기를 설계 및 회로 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 검증했다.

한국어 TTS 시스템에서 딥러닝 기반 최첨단 보코더 기술 성능 비교 (Performance Comparison of State-of-the-Art Vocoder Technology Based on Deep Learning in a Korean TTS System)

  • 권철홍
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.509-514
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    • 2020
  • 기존의 TTS 시스템은 텍스트 전처리, 구문 분석, 발음표기 변환, 경계 분석, 운율 조절, 음향 모델에 의한 음향 특징 생성, 합성음 생성 등 여러 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 딥러닝 기반 TTS 시스템은 텍스트에서 스펙트로그램을 생성하는 Text2Mel 과정과 스펙트로그램에서 음성신호을 합성하는 보코더로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 최적의 한국어 TTS 시스템 구성을 위해 Tex2Mel 과정에는 Tacotron2를 적용하고, 보코더로는 WaveNet, WaveRNN, WaveGlow를 소개하고 이를 구현하여 성능을 비교 검증한다. 실험 결과, WaveNet은 MOS가 가장 높으며 학습 모델 크기가 수백 MB이고 합성시간이 실시간의 50배 정도라는 결과가 나왔다. WaveRNN은 WaveNet과 유사한 MOS 성능을 보여주며 모델 크기가 수십 MB 단위이고 실시간 처리는 어렵다는 결과가 도출됐다. WaveGlow는 실시간 처리가 가능한 방법이며 모델 크기가 수 GB이고 MOS가 세 방식 중에서 가장 떨어진다는 결과를 보여주었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 연구 결과로부터 TTS 시스템을 적용하는 분야의 하드웨어 환경에 맞춰 적합한 방식을 선정할 수 있는 참고 기준을 제시한다.

백두산 심부 마그마 탐사를 위한 분산계측 시스템을 이용한 전기비저항탐사 설계 (DC Resistivity Survey Design for Deep Magma in Mt. Baekdu Using Distributed Acquisition System)

  • 이효선;정현기;조성호;김예솔;이윤수;민동주
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.177-187
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    • 2019
  • 백두산에서는 밀레니엄 대분화 이후로도 수 차례의 화산활동이 계속되어 마그마 거동 감시 연구의 필요성이 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 마그마방의 깊이 및 규모를 파악하기 위해서는 다양한 지구물리학적 접근이 필요하며, 본 연구에서는 전기비저항 탐사의 적용성을 검토하고자 한다. 국경으로 인해 공간적 제한이 있는 백두산에서 심부에 위치한 마그마를 탐사하기 위해서는 측선의 길이가 수십 킬로미터 이상이 되는 대규모 전기탐사가 이루어져야 하며, 이를 위해서는 분산계측 시스템의 도입과 이에 최적화된 탐사 설계가 필수적으로 요구된다. 따라서 자체 개발된 분산계측 시스템을 활용하는 탐사설계안을 제시하고 전산실험을 통해 적용 가능성을 분석하였다. 단일 측선과 비동일선상 송신원 배열을 사용한 탐사설계안을 이용하여 다수의 측선 설치가 필요한 일반적인 3차원 탐사에 준하는 역산 해석 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 이 탐사설계안이 백두산 심부 물리탐사에 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

딥러닝 기반 한국어 실시간 TTS 기술 비교 (Comparison of Korean Real-time Text-to-Speech Technology Based on Deep Learning)

  • 권철홍
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.640-645
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    • 2021
  • 딥러닝 기반 종단간 TTS 시스템은 텍스트에서 스펙트로그램을 생성하는 Text2Mel 과정과 스펙트로그램에서 음성신호를 합성하는 보코더 등 두 가지 과정으로 구성되어 있다. 최근 TTS 시스템에 딥러닝 기술을 적용함에 따라 합성음의 명료도와 자연성이 사람의 발성과 유사할 정도로 향상되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 방식과 비교하여 음성을 합성하는 추론 속도가 매우 느리다는 단점을 갖고 있다. 최근 제안되고 있는 비-자기회귀 방식은 이전에 생성된 샘플에 의존하지 않고 병렬로 음성 샘플을 생성할 수 있어 음성 합성 처리 속도를 개선할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 비-자기회귀 방식을 적용한 Text2Mel 기술인 FastSpeech, FastSpeech 2, FastPitch와, 보코더 기술인 Parallel WaveGAN, Multi-band MelGAN, WaveGlow를 소개하고, 이를 구현하여 실시간 처리 여부를 검증한다. 실험 결과 구한 RTF로 부터 제시된 방식 모두 실시간 처리가 충분히 가능함을 알 수 있다. 그리고 WaveGlow를 제외하고 학습 모델 크기가 수십에서 수백 MB 정도로, 메모리가 제한되어 있는 임베디드 환경에 적용 가능함을 알 수 있다.

고려의 원시영역 유목초지, 그 부르칸(불함)이즘과 한국축산의 비전 (Burqanism from the Origin of the Pastoral Nomadic Koryo Region and the Vision of Korean Livestock Farming)

  • 주채혁
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2005
  • Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.