• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the effect of balanced acupuncture on herniated intervertebral disc of lumbar spine patients. Methods : We investigated 23 cases of in-patients with acute & subacute herniated intervertebral disc of lumbar spine in oriental hospital, and divided patients into two groups. We treated one group(12 people) by complex oriental medical treatment with Balanced acupuncture, and the other group(11 people) by complex oriental medical treatment without Balanced acupuncture. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS) and rating scale for low back pain at admission and discharge. Results : 1. In balanced acupuncture group and control group, compared with baseline and final. VAS was significantly improved. 2. In Balanced acupuncture group and control group, compared with baseline and final. Rating scale for low back pain was significantly improved. 3. VAS and rating scale for low back pain improvement rate in balanced acupuncture group were no statistical significance compared with control group. Conclusions : Balanced acupuncture might be used for relieving symptoms related with herniated intervertebral disc of lumbar spine, but it's no statistical significance.

• KIEE International Transaction on Systems and Control
• /
• v.2D no.2
• /
• pp.78-91
• /
• 2002

In the thermal power plant, there are six manipulated variables: main steam flow, feedwater flow, fuel flow, air flow, spray flow, and gas recirculation flow. There are five controlled variables: generator output, main steam pressure, main steam temperature, exhaust gas density, and reheater steam temperature. Therefore, the thermal power plant control system is a multinput and output system. In the control system, the main steam temperature is typically regulated by the fuel flow rate and the spray flow rate, and the reheater steam temperature is regulated by the gas recirculation flow rate. However, strict control of the steam temperature must be maintained to avoid thermal stress. Maintaining the steam temperature can be difficult due to heating value variation to the fuel source, time delay changes in the main steam temperature versus changes in fuel flow rate, difficulty of control of the main steam temperature control and the reheater steam temperature control system owing to the dynamic response characteristics of changes in steam temperature and the reheater steam temperature, and the fluctuation of inner fluid water and steam flow rates during the load-following operation. Up to the present time, the Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller has been used to operate this system. However, it is very difficult to achieve an optimal PID gain with no experience, since the gain of the PID controller has to be manually tuned by trial and error. This paper focuses on the characteristic comparison of the PID controller and the modified 2-DOF PID Controller (Two-Degrees-Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative) on the DCS (Distributed Control System). The method is to design an optimal controller that can be operated on the thermal generating plant in Seoul, Korea. The modified 2-DOF PID controller is designed to enable parameters to fit into the thermal plant during disturbances. To attain an optimal control method, transfer function and operating data from start-up, running, and stop procedures of the thermal plant have been acquired. Through this research, the stable range of a 2-DOF parameter for only this system could be found for the start-up procedure and this parameter could be used for the tuning problem. Also, this paper addressed whether an intelligent tuning method based on immune network algorithms can be used effectively in tuning these controllers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.249-257
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of mechanical interventions for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients. Methods: The participants were assigned to the intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and graduated compression stocking (GCS) intervention. Patients who met the criteria were selected for comparison from our previous study. Data for 140 patients were included in the final analysis. Results: The mean age was 57.5 (${\pm}15.7$) and 61.4 % were men. About forty-seven percent of the participants were 61 years or over. In the second duplex scan, 3, 2 and 1 critically ill patients developed deep vein thrombosis in the control, GCS, and IPC groups, respectively. Incidences of DVT were 6.0%, 5.0%, and 2.0% for the control, GCS, and IPC groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. Relative risks of no intervention were 3.0 and 1.2 compared with IPC and GCS application. There were no significantly different variables among the three groups before the intervention except for diagnosis on admission. Conclusion: Although it may difficult to conclude that mechanical prophylaxis effectively prevents DVT among SICU patients because there was no statistical significance in this study, but incidence rates among the three groups differed greatly. The findings reveal that further study should be conducted with larger samples and randomized controlled trial for SICU patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.401-420
• /
• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22)has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase)-containing mouthwash in human experimental gingivitis. This 3-week clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, subjects were scored for plaque(Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and plaque severity index), gingivitis($L{\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and at baseline and 3 weeks of experiment, subjects were scored for plaque(Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index and plaque severity index), tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice dailywithout toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 week of experiment. During 3 weeks' period, the dextranase group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation of Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index, compared to the chlorhexidine and placebo groups, but chlorhexidine group showed the least increase inplaque accumulation of Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 3 weeks of experiment. The dextranase group also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the chlorhexidine as well as the placebo groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the chlorhexidine group, compared to the baseline score and the placebo group since 3 weeks of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 3 weeks in the dextranase group, still less severe than the chlorhexidine group. As for the oral side effect, the dextranase group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the chlorhexidine group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashin inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, in human experimental gingivitis. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.52-68
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the weight loss effects of auricular acupuncture in obese patients. Methods: Six databases (Research Information Sharing Service [RISS], Korean studies Information Service System [KISS], Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], PubMed, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI]) were searched up to May 20, 2020. Eight eligible randomized controlled trials were included the present study. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and a meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager software. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and a subgroup analysis was performed to detect the sources of heterogeneity, identify the selection of acupuncture methods and explore its contributions to the weight loss effects. Results: Among 8 trials, 5 trials used auricular acupuncture and 2 trials used auricular acupressure, 1 trial used both types of intervention. Most commonly selected acupoints were Shenmen (TF4) and stomach (CO4). Treatment duration was six to twelve weeks, and total treatment session was six to twelve. Compared to the control groups, auricular acupuncture significantly decreased body weight, body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and ghrelin. For the selection of acupuncture methods, both methods performed similarly in most outcome except waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP), and triglycerides (TG). Conclusions: We found that auricular acupuncture can be effective for weight loss and controlling appetite. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity. So further vigorous and well-designed studies should be conducted to strengthen the evidence of the use of auricular acupuncture for obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2018

Objectives This study was designed to investigate the effects of wet cupping on Wisu (BL12) in non-acute low back pain patients. Methods We recruited 30 participants for this study. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to the Wisu (BL21) treatment group (WT group) and 15 were assigned to the non-acupoint treatment group (NT group). Both groups were treated with the pricking-cupping bloodletting method three times. Values at baseline and follow-up were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test and the differences between the two groups were determined by Wilcoxon rank sum test. p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS), and secondary outcomes were the Oswestry disability index (ODI), Rolland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), Euroqol-5 dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and finger-to-ground distance (FTGD). These outcomes were measured on the day of first treatment before the procedure and on follow-up 7 days after the last treatment. Results Significant changes were identified in the VAS for pain and ODI in each group after wet cupping treatment on Wisu (p<0.05). However, no significant changes were found between groups. Meanwhile, RMDQ and EQ-5D were significantly decreased only in the NT group (p<0.05) without any differences between groups. FTGD was decreased in both groups, but not significantly. Conclusions Wet cupping with both Wisu treatment and non-acupoint had significant effects on non-acute low back pain, although there were no differences between the two groups. A large-scale study is needed to identify the effect of wet cupping on Wisu.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2017

Background: To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic capsular release in patients with and without inferior capsular release for shoulder stiffness. Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2015, 39 patients who underwent arthroscopic capsular release for shoulder stiffness were enrolled and randomized into two groups. In group I, 19 patients underwent arthroscopic capsular release of the rotator interval and anterior capsule. In group II, 20 patients underwent arthroscopic capsular release of the anterior to inferior capsule, including the rotator interval. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant scoring system, Simple Shoulder Test, visual analogue scale for pain, and range of motion (ROM) were used for evaluation before surgery, at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and on the last follow-up. Results: Preoperative demographic data revealed no significant differences (p>0.05). The average follow-up was 16.07 months. Both groups showed significantly increased ROM at the last follow-up compared with preoperative (p<0.05). At the last follow-up, no statistical differences were found (p>0.05) between groups I and II in functional scores and ROM (forward flexion, p=0.91; side external rotation, p=0.17; abduction external rotation, p=0.72; internal rotation, p=0.61). But we found that group II gained more flexion compared to group I at 3 months and 6 months (p<0.05) after the surgery. Conclusions: Both techniques of capsular release are effective for stiffness shoulder. However, the extended inferior capsular release shows superiority in forward flexion over anterior capsular release alone during 6 months of follows-up (level of evidence: Level I, therapeutic randomized controlled trial).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Simjeongkyeok Sa-am acupuncture treatment for major symptoms of Hwa-byung. Method : In this randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled study, we compared Simjeongkyeok acupuncture with Sham acupuncture in the treatment for major symptoms of Hwa-byung. Likert scale for major symptom of Hwa-byung was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and STAXI-K, STAI-K, BDI-K and HRV were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument at the before treatment and after treatment. Results : In comparison of Likert scale for major symptoms, total score of after treatment decreased significantly at each point on both groups, but there was no significant difference between both groups. In comparison of STAXI-K, STAI-K, BDI-K, there was no significant difference in variation of score between both groups. But Simjeongkyeok group showed higher ratio variation of STAXI expression than that of Sham group, Also on subjects whose main complaint symptom were burning sensation and whose pattern identification were Qizhi, Simjeongkyeok group showed higher variation of Likert scale score and BDI-K than that of Sham group. The significance was border line around. Conclusion : We considered that Shimjeongkeok treatment will he likely to he recommended for treating Hwa-byung, especially on subjects in each group whose main complaint symptom were burning sensation or whose pattern identification were Qizhi. Also it may also be effective on the management of anger expression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.107-124
• /
• 2008

We investigated the effects of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 61 healthy volunteers consisted of 31 subjects in experiment(distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture) group and 30 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 31 subjects in experiment group were injected distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture at GB21(Kyonjong) and 30 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline at GB21(Kyonjong). except of 2 subjects(in control group) who can't be measured and 10 subjects(6 in experiment group and 4 in control group) who move or make unforceable error during measuring. Finally 25 subject in experiment group and 24 subject in control group are studied. We measured HRV by PolyG-I on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the paired t test(in group) and Student t test(between two groups) were used to verify the result. Results : I. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, SDNN is significantly high from 5 minute to 10 minute and from 15 minute to 30 minute, Complexity is significantly low from 20 minute to 30minute. HRV index is significantly mgb for first 20 minute and from 25 minute to 30 minute, RMSSD is significantly high only from 15 minute to 20 minute. 2. HRV index of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 25 minute to 30 minute, pNN50 of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly decreased from 25 minute to 30 minute and RMSSD of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 25 minute to 30 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. 3. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, Ln(TP) is significantly high from 5 minute to 10 minute and from 15 minute to 30 minute. Ln(VLF) is significantly high after 5 minute, Ln(LF) is significantly high after 15 minute and Ln(HF) is significantly high from 5 minute to 10 minute and 25 minute to 30 minute, but significantly low for first 5 minute and from 10 minute to 20 minute. Normalized LF is significantly high after 20 minute and Normalized LF is significantly low after 20 minute. Conclusions : The results suggest that distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man tend to activate the autonomic nervous system within normal range. This result is derived from that parasympathetic nervous system was continuously activated and sympathetic nervous system was activated a little later.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to review studies on Essential Tremor (ET) in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: We reviewed papers in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2007~2016. Search keywords were 原发性震颤, 特发性震颤, essential tremor and idiopathic tremor, and excluded non-clinical studies, non-related to ET or TCM studies, theses for degrees and non-Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). The quality of the articles was assessed by Jadad scale and the Risk of Bias (RoB). Results: Thirteen studies were selected. 'Criteria for the diagnosis of ET' was most frequently used as diagnostic criteria. 'Tremor rating scale' was primarily used for outcome measurement. Meta-analysis of nine trials revealed the effective rate of acupuncture and Western medicine (WM+Acu) groups was significantly higher compared to the WM group (RR: 1.48, 95 percent CI: 1.20 to 1.82, p=0.0002, $I^2=0$ percent) and tremor rating scale was also significantly decreased in the treatment group (MD: -1.35, 95 percent CI: -2.17 to -0.54, p=0.001, $I^2=0$ percent). Also, effective rates of Electro-acupuncture (EA) and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) groups were significantly higher than that of the WM group {(RR: 1.53, 95 percent CI: 1.22 to 1.92, p=0.0003, $I^2=0$ percent) in EA vs. WM and (RR: 1.35, 95 percent CI: 1.16 to 1.57, p<0.0001, $I^2=0$ percent) in CHM vs. WM}. However, the quality of selected clinical studies was poor. Conclusions: Treatment of ET in TCM may be more effective and safe than in Western medicine. Therefore, we hope this study will lead to further clinical research on treatment of ET in Korean medicine.