• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the improved sensory, hand function, postural balance and activities of daily living (ADL) through somatosensory stimulation, such as the facilitation of functional reaching and tactile, proprioceptive stimulus of the upper limb (UL) and hand. Methods: Seventeen stroke patients having problems with motor and somatosensory deficits were selected in Bobath Memorial Hospital adult rehabilitation center. The patients were divided into two groups; the sensorimotor deficit group (SMDG) and motor deficit group (MDG). Somatosensory stimulation on the UL, physical therapy and occupational therapy were carried out three times a week over a six week these treatments were performed in both group period. To compare each group, the following assessment tools were used: such as tactile detection thresholds (TDT), two point discrimination on the affected side (TPDas), unaffected side (TPDus) stereognosis (ST) manual function test, hand function on the affected side (HFas) and unaffected side (HFus), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) and Korean version Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Results: In the SMDG, somatosensory stimulation on the UL was statistically important for TDT, TPDas, TPDus (except for the thener), ST, hand function on HFas, on HFus, PASS length of displacement with foam (LDFSEO), and K-MBI. In the MDG, somatosensory stimulation on the UL was important for TDT, TPDas, TPDus (except index finger) length of displacement with the eyes open, LDFSEO, HFas, HFus, PASS and K-MBI. In addition, there was a significant difference in the PASS between SMDG and MDG. Conclusion: Somatosensory stimulation on the UL affects the sensory, hand function, postural control and ADLs performance.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권12B호
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• pp.1083-1096
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 센서네트워크의 수명 연장을 위해 에너지 인지 기반의 경로 제어 방안인 TBP(Threshold based Back-Pressure) 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 센서네트워크 수명 연장을 위해서는 에너지의 고른 소비가 필수적이므로, 라우팅 영역 전체에 걸친 고른 트래픽 분배를 설계목표로 갖는다. TBP 알고리즘은 지역적 트래픽 분배와 라우팅 영역 전체에서의 트래픽 분배를 모두 수행한다. 임계값과 back-pressure 신호가 이 두 가지 스케일의 트래픽 분배 수행을 위해 정의되었다. TBP 알고리즘은 라우팅 영역에 속한 다중경로의 최적 활용을 목적으로 하지만 이를 위해 사용하는 임계값과 back-pressure 신호는 한 흡 범위의 지역적 정보로 정의함으로써 망 규모에 제한받지 않는 확장성을 확보하였다. TBP 알고리즘이 에너지 소비를 분산시키는 효과, 즉 네트워크 수명을 연장하는 효과를 가지고 있음을 다양한 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한, TBP 알고리즘은 엄격한 경로 제어를 기반으로 설계되었음에도 지연 및 전송률 지표에서 개선된 결과를 보였다. 에너지 인지 기반의 경로 제어가 트래픽 혼잡 제어의 효과를 부분적으로 갖고 있음을 보여주는 결과이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.350-362
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• 2015

A disease forecast model for bacterial grain rot (BGR) of rice, which is caused by Burkholderia glumae, was developed in this study. The model, which was named 'BGRcast', determined daily conduciveness of weather conditions to epidemic development of BGR and forecasted risk of BGR development. All data that were used to develop and validate the BGRcast model were collected from field observations on disease incidence at Naju, Korea during 1998-2004 and 2010. In this study, we have proposed the environmental conduciveness as a measure of conduciveness of weather conditions for population growth of B. glumae and panicle infection in the field. The BGRcast calculated daily environmental conduciveness, $C_i$, based on daily minimum temperature and daily average relative humidity. With regard to the developmental stages of rice plants, the epidemic development of BGR was divided into three phases, i.e., lag, inoculum build-up and infection phases. Daily average of $C_i$ was calculated for the inoculum build-up phase ($C_{inf}$) and the infection phase ($C_{inc}$). The $C_{inc}$ and $C_{inf}$ were considered environmental conduciveness for the periods of inoculum build-up in association with rice plants and panicle infection during the heading stage, respectively. The BGRcast model was able to forecast actual occurrence of BGR at the probability of 71.4% and its false alarm ratio was 47.6%. With the thresholds of $C_{inc}=0.3$ and $C_{inf}=0.5$, the model was able to provide advisories that could be used to make decisions on whether to spray bactericide at the preand post-heading stage.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2017

Mining activities play a significant role in environmental pollution by producing large amounts of tailings which comprise heavy metals. The impressive increase in mining activities in recent decades, due to their high influence on the industry of developing countries, duplicates the need for a substantial effort to develop and apply efficient measures of pollution control, mitigation, and abatement. In this study, our objective was to investigate the effect of simulation of the leachate, pH and inflow intensity of transport of $Pb^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Cd^{2+}$ through Lakan lead and zinc plant tailings, in Iran, and to evaluate the modeling efficiency by comparing the modeling results and the results obtained from previous column studies. We used the HP1 model and the PHREEQC database to simulate metals transport through a saturated soil column during a 15 day time period. The simulations assumed local equilibrium. As expected, a lower pH and inflow intensity increased metal transport. The retardation of heavy metals followed the order $Zn^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ and the removal concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn at the inflow intensity critical scenario, and Cd and Pb at inflow acidity critical scenario exceeded the allowable EPA and Iranian's 1053 standard thresholds. However, although the simulation results generally agreed well with the results of the column study, improvements are expected by using multi-dimensional models and a kinetic modeling approach for the reactions involved. The results of such investigations will be highly useful for designing preventative strategies to control reactive transport of hazardous metals and minimize their environmental effects.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.141-161
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• 2016

In seismic fragility and risk analysis, the definition of structural limit state (LS) capacities is of crucial importance. Traditionally, LS capacities are defined according to design code provisions or using deterministic pushover analysis without considering the inherent randomness of structural parameters. To assess the effects of structural randomness on LS capacities, ten structural parameters that include material strengths and gravity loads are considered as random variables, and a probabilistic pushover method based on a correlation-controlled Latin hypercube sampling technique is used to estimate the uncertainties in LS capacities for four typical reinforced concrete frame buildings. A series of ten LSs are identified from the pushover curves based on the design-code-given thresholds and the available damage-controlled criteria. The obtained LS capacities are further represented by a lognormal model with the median $m_C$ and the dispersion ${\beta}_C$. The results show that structural uncertainties have limited influence on $m_C$ for the LSs other than that near collapse. The commonly used assumption of ${\beta}_C$ between 0.25 and 0.30 overestimates the uncertainties in LS capacities for each individual building, but they are suitable for a building group with moderate damages. A low uncertainty as ${\beta}_C=0.1{\sim}0.15$ is adequate for the LSs associated with slight damages of structures, while a large uncertainty as ${\beta}_C=0.40{\sim}0.45$ is suggested for the LSs near collapse.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify whether cutaneous sensory (CS) changes induced by mechanical intervention (MI) increases the trigger point threshold of the same spinal segment as well as to investigate the relationship between the amounts of change in CS pressure pain thresholds (PPT). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-nine persons with myofacial pain (MFP) were recruited in this experiment. The subjects consisted of 20 men and 19 women (age 20-39). MI was applied on the subjects using the Graston technique for 5 minutes to induce CS changes. The CS changes were measured with sensory tests by using the Von Frey Filament, and PPT changes were estimated by using the pressure threshold meter. For the observation of sensory and PPT changes with time, the test was conducted for 15 minutes including a pre, post, and after intervention session. Results: CS threshold increased significantly when MI was applied (p<0.001). On the same spinal segment, changes in the right infraspinatus PPT was observed (p<0.001) but the PPT changes in other muscles were not significantly different. Furthermore, the control group CS and PPT were not significantly different. In addition, regression analysis showed that the CS changes have a larger impact on PPT in the same spinal segment (p<0.001). Conclusions: CS changes induced by MI make to change PPT on the same spinal segment. In other words, it is possible to identify PPT changes following CS changes except for the muscle which belongs to a different spinal segment. Therefore, application of MI is necessary for the CS changes in the same spinal segment. Furthermore, it can be useful in the clinical fields as a method of providing pain control and increasing the PPT.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2023

Purpose: Headache is a very common disease experienced at least once in daily life, and tension-type headaches have a high and increasing prevalence. Chronic headaches can cause functional damage and huge socioeconomic impacts. This study aimed to compare the effects of myofascial release technique with manual therapy and self-myofascial release technique using a foam roller on the pain threshold and body schema in patients with chronic tension-type headaches. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 patients living in Busan with chronic tension headaches. Myofascial release technique with manual therapy was performed on the suboccipital, sternocleidomastoid, scalene, and upper trapezius muscles. The self -myofascial release technique using a foam roller was applied to the cervical and thoracic muscles. A laterality test was performed using a recognized neck application developed to evaluate body schema ability. A pressure-pain threshold test was performed using an electronic pressure algometer to compare the results before and after the myofascial release technique. Results: After applying myofascial release with manual therapy and a foam roller, the pressure-pain threshold values showed significant changes in both groups (p<.05). As a result of the laterality test, myofascial release with manual therapy and a foam roller were applied to the painful area. The values showed significant changes in both groups (p<.05), but only the group using the foam roller showed a significant difference (p<.05) in painless areas. Conclusion: The myofascial release technique with manual therapy can be the primary treatment technique for pain control in painful areas. The self-muscle release technique using a foam roller can be an effective method when there is no pain or when maintenance is needed after pain control.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2024

The frequent handover problem and playing ping-pong effects in 5G (5th Generation) ultra-dense networking cannot be effectively resolved by the conventional handover decision methods, which rely on the handover thresholds and measurement reports. For instance, millimetre-wave LANs, broadband remote association techniques, and 5G/6G organizations are instances of group of people yet to come frameworks that request greater security, lower idleness, and dependable principles and correspondence limit. One of the critical parts of 5G and 6G innovation is believed to be successful blockage the board. With further developed help quality, it empowers administrator to run many systems administration recreations on a solitary association. To guarantee load adjusting, forestall network cut disappointment, and give substitute cuts in case of blockage or cut frustration, a modern pursuing choices framework to deal with showing up network information is require. Our goal is to balance the strain on BSs while optimizing the value of the information that is transferred from satellites to BSs. Nevertheless, due to their irregular flight characteristic, some satellites frequently cannot establish a connection with Base Stations (BSs), which further complicates the joint satellite-BS connection and channel allocation. SF redistribution techniques based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have been devised, taking into account the randomness of the data received by the terminal. In order to predict the best capacity improvements in the wireless instruments of 5G and 6G IoT networks, a hybrid algorithm for deep learning is being used in this study. To control the level of congestion within a 5G/6G network, the suggested approach is put into effect to a training set. With 0.933 accuracy and 0.067 miss rate, the suggested method produced encouraging results.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

본 논문은 전동 보행보조기의 편의성 향상을 위한 최적의 제어 이득을 찾고 제어 알고리즘을 설계하였다. 최근 노인의 인구가 의료 기술의 발달로 급속히 증가되고 있으며, 다양한 이동형 보행보조기구는 삶의 질을 개선하기 위해 개발되고 있다. 이러한 이동형 제품 중 수동형 보행보조기는 노인의 보행의 힘을 도와주는 전동모터를 가지고 있지 않아 노인들이 충분한 근력이 없기 때문에 경사로 및 문의 문턱 등 고르지 않는 지형에서 이동하는데 제안사항이 있다. 이러한 상황을 극복하기 위해 전동타입의 보행보조기를 개발하였다. 전동형 보행보조기는 수동형과 다르게 사용자가 조작을 해야 모터가 구동되는 구조이다. 이러한 구조는 사용자가 조작을 잘못 하였을 경우 상당한 불편함을 사용자에게 준다. 이러한 전동형 보행보조기를 수동형 보행보조기와 비교하여 조작의 편의성을 판단하고 기준을 만들어 사용자의 편의성에 대하여 제어 값을 변경하면서 사용자 편의성을 개선하였다. 본 논문에서는 보행의지를 인식하고 편의성의 성능을 측정할 수 있는 방법인 햅틱 센서를 소개하며 편의를 개선하는 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 편의성의 평가는 COV(Center of Vehicle)와 사용자의 COP(Center of Position)과의 차이의 변화를 통해 상대적인 편의성을 평가하였다. 전동 타입 보행보조기와 새로운 측정방법을 도입하여 모든 과정을 실험을 통하여 확인 하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제13C권2호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2006

이동 컴퓨팅 환경은 단말기 휴대성, 무선 통신의 사용. 이동성 지원 등의 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 인해 적은 자원을 가진 단말기, 높은 오류율, 잦은 접속 단절, 이동으로 인한 환경 변화 둥의 문제가 있다. 이러한 환경에서 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 적응적으로 에러를 제어하기 위한 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 원활한 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 AEC(Adaptive Error Control) 기법을 제안한다. AEC 기법은 클라이언트의 버퍼에 저장된 데이터의 크기와 오류율을 기준으로 4개의 그룹으로 나누고, 각 그룹별로 MPEG4의 VOP의 특징에 따라 적절한 에러 제어 기법을 적용한다. 클라이언트 버퍼에 저장된 데이터 크기의 임계값은 전송 속도 및 재생 속도, 평균 VOP 크기를 이용하여 설정되고, 오류율의 임계값은 연속도된 패킷에서 에러가 발생하는 경우를 기준으로 설정된다. AEC 기법에 대한 실험은 구축된 클라이언트/서버 환경에서 실제로 동영상을 재생하면서 실행하였다. AEC 기법의 성능을 기존의 에러 제어 기법인 ARQ, FEC, Hybrid ARQ/FEC 기법들과 비교한 결과, ARQ와 FEC 기법보다 더 나은 복구율을 보이고 있으며, Hybrid 기법과 유사한 복구율을 보이고 있다. 또한, 에러 복구 시간은 거의 유사하고, 에러를 복구하기 위해 필요한 데이터의 양은 FEC 및 Hybrid 기법에 비해 23% 정도 줄일 수 있었다. 따라서, AEC 기법은 대역폭이 좁고, 오류율이 가변적인 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 좀 더 원활한 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공할 수 있다.