• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.138-148
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• 1998

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about loom underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the way of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. A new hybrid method has been developed for estimating the origin of the underground acoustic source by coupling both methods. The Nelder-Meade simplex search algorithm is then used to numerically estimate the position of the source in those methods. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is in some cases less than 6m for a search area of radius 250m.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2007

In this paper, we developed not only a reliable sound localization system including a VAD(Voice Activity Detection) component using three microphones but also a face tracking system using a vision camera. Moreover, we proposed a way to integrate three systems in the human-robot interaction to compensate errors in the localization of a speaker and to reject unnecessary speech or noise signals entering from undesired directions effectively. For the purpose of verifying our system's performances, we installed the proposed audio-visual system in a prototype robot, called IROBAA(Intelligent ROBot for Active Audition), and demonstrated how to integrate the audio-visual system.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 2019

본 논문은 모바일 로봇과 자동제어 시스템에 적용될 수 있는 음원 위치 추적 시스템(Sound Source Localization, SSL)을 보여준다. 대부분 SSL의 기법은 음원 도달 시간차(Interaural Time Difference, ITD)와 음압 레벨의 차이(Interaural Level Difference, ILD)를 구하고, 마이크로폰 배열의 기하학적 원리를 이용하여 위치를 찾게 된다. 하지만 본 논문에서는 음원의 수평 각도를 구하기 위해 깊은 인공 신경망을 기반으로 한 다른 접근법은 제안한다. 인간의 귀를 모방한 로봇의 양쪽 마이크로폰에서 음원의 신호를 채집하여 연구에 사용했다. Network를 학습시키기 위해 양쪽 마이크로폰에서 얻어진 음원의 스펙트럼 분포 차이를 이용하였다. 각 10도 마다 채집한 데이터로 네트워크를 학습시켰고 임의의 각도에서 얻어진 데이터로 결과를 확인했다. 실험 결과 제안한 SSL의 접근 방식은 상당히 가능성이 있는 결과를 보여주었다.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2000

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about 100m underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the array of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. In the hybrid method, both informations of time-delays and power-ratios are coupled together to produce better performance of position estimation. A new acoustic imaging technique has been developed for improving the hybrid method. This new acoustic imaging method shows the multi-dimensional distribution of the normalized cost function, so as to indicate the trend of the minimizing direction toward the source location. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is 28m for a search area of radius 250m.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1999년도 제14차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.149-152
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• 1999

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about loom underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the way of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. In the hybrid method, both informations of time-delays and power-ratios are coupled together to produce better performance of position estimation. A new acoustic imaging technique has been developed for improving the hybrid method. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The minimum distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is 28 m for a search area of radius 250m.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1999년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제18권 1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1999

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about loom underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the array of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. In the hybrid method, both informations of time-delays and power-ratios are coupled together to produce better performance of position estimation. A new acoustic imaging technique has been developed for improving the hybrid method. This new acoustic imaging method shows the multi-dimensional distribution of the normalized cost function, so as to indicate the trend of the minimizing direction toward the source location. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is 28m for a search area of radius 250m.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.51.3-51
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• 2002

3D sound user often finds the results that the sound image appear to originate either inside, or close to, the head when he uses headphone-based binaural system. This phenomenon is called in-head localization(IHL). The main factors were chosen to evaluate externalization performance : individualized HRTFs, near-field HRTF characteristics and reverberation. Direct comparison was conducted among them, especially two factors\ulcorner reverberation and near-field HRTFs.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.703-708
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 대형 교회를 제외한 대부분의 교회가 협소한 공간에 많은 청중을 수용하고자 발코니 층을 설치하여 음의 사각지역 및 음상 정위가 어긋난 지역이 발생하는 문제를 경제적 관점에서 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 음의 사각지역 및 음상의 개선하는 해결방안을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 특정교회에 대하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 툴로 경제적으로 쉽게 구할 수 있는 Mapp online으로 사용하였으며, 서브 스피커의 추가 설치 및 메인 스피커 대비 서브 스피커의 -10 dB 이득조절로 명료도를 실측값과 비교한 결과 약 52% 상승하여 명료도가 "보통"에서 "아주 좋음" 단계로 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제18권2E호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1999

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about 100m underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the array of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. In the hybrid method, both informations of time-delays and power-ratios are coupled together to produce better performance of position estimation. A new acoustic imaging technique has been developed for improving the hybrid method. This new acoustic imaging method shows the multi-dimensional distribution of the normalized cost function, so as to indicate the trend of the minimizing direction toward the source location. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is 28m for a search area of radius 250m.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.562-569
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• 2016

This paper proposes a navigation system with a robust localization method for an underwater unmanned vehicle. For robust localization with IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), a DVL (Doppler Velocity Log), and depth sensors, the EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) has been utilized to fuse multiple nonlinear data. Note that the GPS (Global Positioning System), which can obtain the absolute coordinates of the vehicle, cannot be used in the water. Additionally, the DVL has been used for measuring the relative velocity of the underwater vehicle. The DVL sensor measures the velocity of an object by using Doppler effects, which cause sound frequency changes from the relative velocity between a sound source and an observer. When the vehicle is moving, the motion trajectory to a target position can be recorded by the sensors attached to the vehicle. The performance of the proposed navigation system has been verified through real experiments in which an underwater unmanned vehicle reached a target position by using an IMU as a primary sensor and a DVL as the secondary sensor.