• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.472-487
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effects of floral fragrances on human brain waves and moods. A total of 44 subjects participated in this experiment. Group 1 consisted of 11 male and 14 female college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (${\pm}2.23$) and Group 2 consisted of 10 males and 9 females with a mean age of 54.3 years (${\pm}2.98$). Subjects were exposed to floral fragrances of Rosa hybrida, 'Hera' (hereafter referred to as "rose"), Cymbidium faberi (hereafter referred to as "orchid"), or odorless control flowers (hereafter referred to as "control"). Experiments took place in three rooms (rose, orchid, and control). Electroencephalographs (EEGs) were recorded during exposure to the odors and the data were processed using quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) techniques. The changing EEG patterns were analyzed by brain mapping and compressed spectral arrays, and the subjects' preferences (hedonic evaluations) were quantified with an A1 index. Increased activation of absolute alpha waves was verified on six of the eight EEG channels, with the right frontal and left occipital lobes exhibiting no changes and the left parietal region showing the greatest activation. According to the QEEG measurements in the electrode sites over the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, the strongest absolute alpha waves were induced in the parietal lobes, followed by the temporal lobes, with the other lobes showing no significant changes. On brain maps, the orchid fragrance induced greater absolute alpha and absolute mid-beta activities compared with the rose and control fragrances, and the rose fragrance induced high absolute mid-beta activation. To identify emotional responses to floral fragrances, the subjects were requested to fill in a questionnaire and the resulting odor-related emotional descriptors were analyzed using semantic differential and factor analysis. Principal component analysis identified "elegant" as the first principal component describing the floral fragrance, followed by "refreshing" and "aromatic." The subjects gave orchid higher scores for "elegant" and "refreshing," while finding rose more "aromatic." Differences in hedonic evaluation revealed by the A1 index appeared in the 65-115 sec range of scent exposure time. The subjects with ages of around 50 years showed olfactory preferences throughout the entire experimental time of 160 sec, most markedly in the later time segment (115-165 sec), showing an increasing preference with increasing exposure time. We conclude that rose fragrance can improve concentration by creating an aromatic environment conducive to a concentrated and calm state of mind, and orchid fragrance can make people feel pampered and relaxed by creating an elegant and refreshing environment.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2013

최근 창호의 창틀에 폐열회수장치를 삽입한 일체형 환기장치인 일명 "창호일체형 폐열회수 환기장치"를 개발됨으로써 창문을 열지 않고도 에너지 손실을 최소화하면서 실내외 공기를 교환할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 이 장치의 작동시 기계소음과 공력소음이 발생하여 실제 주거시설에 적합하지 않은 면이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 창호일체형 환기장치의 소음을 설치상태와 무향실에서 측정하고 소음의 발생 원인과 소음전달 취약부분을 분석하였다. 또한, 창호일체형 환기장치내의 차음재와 흡음재를 설치하여 소음을 제어하기 위한 대안을 제시하였다. 연구결과, 환기장치의 소음원은 블로워로 나타났으며 소음의 주된 누출 원인은 환기장치 구조체의 낮은 차음성능 때문이었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이를 제어하기 위하여 장치 내부에 고무시트 등의 차음재를 설치한 결과 폐열회수환기장치의 소음기준인 40 dBA 이하를 만족함을 알 수 있었다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to blood-borne infection prevention behaviors based on the risk perception of the health belief model among operating room nurses. Risk perception factors included perceived susceptibility, barriers, benefits, and perceived severity. Methods: Data were collected from 121 operating room nurses working in four different hospitals in Daejeon and Seoul from June 30 to May 11, 2016. Results: The mean age was 31.2 years, and the average years of clinical experience in operating room was 7.9 years. The mean score of knowledge was 13.15. The mean score of perceived susceptibility, barrier, benefit, and perceived severity were 3.76, 3.70, 3.95, and 4.64, respectively. Blood-borne infection prevention behaviors had positive correlation with perceived benefits (p=.010), but negative correlation with sensitivity (p=.009) and barrier (p=.012). The hierarchical regression model on infection prevention behavior was statistically significant (F=4.85, p<.001). The sixteen percent of variance in behavior was explained by age (${\beta}=.18$, p=.038), perceived benefit (${\beta}=.20$, p=.030), perceived susceptibility (${\beta}=-.25$, p=.005), and perceived barrier (${\beta}=-.18$, p=.042). Conclusion: In order to increase infection prevention behaviors among operating room nurses, there is a need for developing specific education program focusing on appropriate management of equipment, instruments, and environment in operating room. In addition, support from the hospital organization level need to be provided as well.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

현대 화학플랜트 및 석유 가스 산업 시설은 다양한 잠재위험으로 인하여 위험물질의 누출 및 화재가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 그 중 특히 화재는 직접적인 화염의 접촉 또는 복사열로 인하여 인명피해는 물론 건물, 설비에 대한 피해 발생으로 domino effect가 발생하여 2차, 3차 피해까지도 발생하기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 발생가능한 화재를 파악하여 사고피해영향과 빈도를 낮추어 화재 위험성을 관리하는 FRA(Fire Risk Assessment)기법의 절차를 제시하였으며, 사고피해영향으로 화염의 직접적인 접촉과 복사열로 인한 주요건물(제어실, 창고, 변전소)의 물리적 특성이 변형되는 시간을 고려하였다. 사례연구를 통하여 수행한 FRA기법으로 국내외 화학공장의 위험성을 경감시킬 수 있었으며, Protection 설정을 통한 사고의 빈도와 피해영향의 감소를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

연구목적 : 에너지 저장실의 외부 화염에 의한 내부자기 점화 및 점화를 식별하고, 과열로 인한 점화와 외부 열원에 의한 점화의 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 분리막 녹는점 측정, 배터리 외부 수열 실험, 배터리 과충전 실험, 과충전과 외부수열에 의한 연소 시 전극 판 비교분석, 과충전 연소 특징, 외부수열 화재 연소특징, 3.4(전극판 비교)/ 3.5(과충전)/ 3.6(외부수열) 분석 실험을 하였다. 연구결과: 화재 발생 시까지 센서의 위치에 따른 온도 차이가 극심했음으로 기존처럼 한 모듈 당 온도 센서 두 개로는 측정값이 부족해 온도제어를 통한 화재를 사전에 방지할 수 없다고 판단한다. 결론: 단락이 점화원으로 작용하여 혼합가스에 착화돼 가스폭발이 발생하고, 폭발 압력에 의해 전극이 잘게 파손되며, 가루형태의 리튬산화물이 불꽃반응에 의해 폭죽과 유사한 불꽃이 분출되었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2011

As the elderly population are rapidly growing, the elderly who needs special care and nursing homes for them are also growing. However, many nursing homes were planned without considering the hierarchial space organization such as division of housing unit and nursing unit based on the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of the elderly or accessibility and supportiveness of the staff. This study was to examine the hierarchial characteristics in space organization of nursing homes by using Space Syntax. The subjects were 8 nursing homes in Busan. First, spaces in nursing homes were divided into five areas based on the literature review. Then the hierarchy of space organization for the access layer and layers of living floors was grasped by using G-graph. The access layer has a tree-type hierarchical structure and high visuality. Also, average depth of the space was 5. Then the full integration was analyzed. Mobile area, such as elevator, hallways, or living rooms has a high accessibility and the middle corridor type has commonly been characterized. The nursing stations were analyzed through the control degree and it was low in three nursing homes such as B, C, and G. The low clarity was showed in B, D, and F. The low clarity means that it is relatively difficult to recognize the whole space organization of nursing home. Even though the hierarchy of their living floors was tree-type structure with a high visuality, they has a type of grouping spaces around hallways and spreading, or a ring type.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the cases of storage space outside housing unit and propose the activation plan. The issue of storage in residential complex has continued to be reported. This is more salient due to the recent preference trend for small houses, the constant increase of living goods and the limitation of the available space inside housing unit. Although more apartment houses are trying to have individual storage in the exterior space to address these issues, there is still a paucity of the related studies and more studies are required. In this study, we conducted on-site investigation and user interview of each case to propose active usage of the storage space outside housing unit. Result of this study shows that the most crucial factor to improve is 'accessibility' in order to activate the storage space. Storage room should be located close to each household or the individual parking space. The second factor is the size and the structure of the storage room. The sufficient space for keeping and taking large objects out are required. The front of the storage room should have a clogged structure to insure privacy. The third is the provision of suitable support programs such as the system that occupants can check remotely what items are in their storage rooms, garage sale, laundry service, auto cleaning system and rental program. Those programs are required for efficient management and activation of space. Another requirement is to improve environmental factors which include maintenance of optimal temperature and humidity, automatic ventilation system, control of individual lights, and security enhancement. Based on the results of the survey, we provide basic data which can be used for practical space planning to activate exterior storage space of the housing unit. Further surveys are required to develop this study by obtaining more data for generalization.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

Men should be able to do whatever they want to and want to safely protected at home which is special domain for them. The disabled live mentally uncomfortable lives at home which should be a place where they should be comfortable and convenient. Renovation projects started in Incheon since 2009 by commencing renovation projects for the disabled by the government and welfare centers. Since the project is a program supported by the government or welfare centers thus priority on renovation was decided and carried out by in-depth interview to decide areas to renovate because of limited budgets. This paper is aimed to propose plans for renovating homes according to priority for renovation for dwellers when renovating homes for the disabled with limited budgets. Renovating home for the disabled can be broadly divided into physical, environmental, esthetic renovations, and physical renovation is a basic renovation for daily lives without restrictions in living and include easy movements, accesses to each rooms and adequacy of movement, easily accesses related with easily accessible distance and height, safety to prevent accidents caused by physical inabilities. Environmental renovation is general supports becoming the base of daily living and include control for controlling lighting, heating, air quality for comfortable environments in living space and pleasantness to maintain bright and pleasant interior with sufficient light. Esthetic renovation includes expression of identity by expressing image of one self and visual effects or spatial consideration for hobbies to enjoy comfortable and rich lives.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2011

The importance of service industries is growing as the portion of the service sector increases fast in the recent decades. This research deals with service prototyping and testing in a service laboratory. While products are generally tested through prototyping in new product development processes, services are difficult to test because of the characteristic of service, intangibility. A service laboratory, named s-Scape, is the experiment environment which has been developed to test services in virtual space for the purpose of analysis and improvement of real-world services such as hospitals and automobile show rooms. In this research, we present a service prototyping tool and language to support service test in the service laboratory. We first analyze key elements of service prototypes, and then design the service prototype diagram (SPD) and the service prototype description language (SPDL). SPD, which is a variant of the service blueprint, is a graphical tool to be used to generate SPDL. SPDL is an executable language of describing a service prototype of a real-world service in extensible markup language (XML) to experiment the service environment in virtual space. SPD reflects the control and interface of virtual reality devices, as well as key elements of service modeling. SPD represents a service process in which service providers and customers interact with each other in a service scape.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Action Research (AR) approach in nursing. Methods: Participants were 64 perioperative nurses recruited from C hospital in Gwangju, Korea. The nurses were engaged in the project through 2 cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. A mixed-methods design was used to examine changes in participants and their knowledge management practice. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program and qualitative reflection data underwent content analysis. Results: During the project, participants developed standardized pre-operative checklists and opened an Internet Cafe to better manage their perioperative nursing information. At the end of the project, there was a significant increase in nurses' knowledge management (p=.015) and the rate of surgical material prescription errors decreased from 8.0% to 2.9%. Core AR project team members' teamwork skills and organizational commitment increased significantly (p=.040, p=.301, respectively). The main themes that emerged from the qualitative data were learning how to solve problems in practice, facilitating team activities through motivation, barriers of large participation, and rewarded efforts and inflated expectations. Conclusion: The AR project contributed to empowering participants to solve local problems. AR is a useful methodology to promote changes in practices and research participants.