• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-60
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• 2017

Ownership is the bundle of rights that allow a person or institute to use and control an object. As the biomedical science is advanced, we should consider whether human biological material should be recognized as property. Whether separated parts of the human body can be objects of ownership is a different issue. Many thought that separated parts of the human body could not be objects of ownership. This idea is primarily based on this thought: even if a piece of human biological material is separated from a person, it still relates to that person, and if treated as a thing, human dignity may be harmed. However, some commentators have admitted separated parts of the human body into the realm of property. Though a person owns his/her body or body parts, this does not mean that he/she can do anything he/she desires. There are many natural and social limitations to exercise the ownership of human biological material as discussed above. Human dignity is the core consideration whether or not we recognize that ownership of human biological material biomedical research and knowledge.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.21-22
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• 2000

Expressed sequence tags (EFTs) are the partial segments of cDNA produced from 5 or 3 single-pass sequencing of cDNA clones, error-prone and generated in highly redundant sets. Advancement and expansion of Genomics made biologists to generate huge amount of ESTs from variety of organisms-human, microorganisms as well as plants, and the cumulated number of ESTs is over 5.3 million, As the EST data being accumulate more rapidly, it becomes bigger that the needs of the EST analysis tools for extraction of biological meaning from EST data. Among the several needs of EST analyses, the extraction of protein sequence or functional motifs from ESTs are important for the identification of their function in vivo. To accomplish that purpose the precise and accurate identification of the region where the coding sequences (CDSs) is a crucial problem to solve primarily, and it will be helpful to extract and detect of genuine CD5s and protein motifs from EST collections. Although several public tools are available for EST analysis, there is not any one to accomplish the object. Furthermore, they are not targeted to the plant ESTs but human or microorganism. Thus, to correspond the urgent needs of collaborators deals with plant ESTs and to establish the analysis system to be used as general-purpose public software we constructed the pipelined-EST analysis system by integration of public software components. The software we used are as follows - Phred/Cross-match for the quality control and vector screening, NCBI Blast for the similarity searching, ICATools for the EST clustering, Phrap for EST contig assembly, and BLOCKS/Prosite for protein motif searching. The sample data set used for the construction and verification of this system was 1,386 ESTs from human intrathymic T-cells that verified using UniGene and Nr database of NCBI. The approach for the extraction of CDSs from sample data set was carried out by comparison between sample data and protein sequences/motif database, determining matched protein sequences/motifs that agree with our defined parameters, and extracting the regions that shows similarities. In recent future, in addition to these components, it is supposed to be also integrated into our system and served that the software for the peptide mass spectrometry fingerprint analysis, one of the proteomics fields. This pipelined-EST analysis system will extend our knowledge on the plant ESTs and proteins by identification of unknown-genes.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2001

Object When angiogenesis is excessive, Cancer, RA, Blindness, Psoriasis, Hemangioma, Diabetic retinopathy, Granulation, etc are induced. On the contrary, when it is insufficient, Stroke, Heart disease, Ulcer, Infertility, Scleroderma, artherosclerosis, delay of the wound recovery, etc occur. In recently, the methods which is control of abnormal angiogenesis are researching actively in relathion to anticancer research. This study is search for effective drugs which suppress this angiogenesis, in the ingredients of the herbs that invigorate and dispel blood stasis using to treat intravascular coagulation in the oriental herbal medicine. Methods We maked 80 % methanole extracts of Cnidii Rhizoma, Olibanum, Myrrha, Corydalidis Tuber, Curcumae Radix, Curcumae longe Rhizoma, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoama, Leonuri Herba, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Trogopterorum Faeces, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Manitis Squama, Eupolyphaga, Hirudo, Tabanus, Lycopi Herba, Artemisiae anomalae herba, Vaccariae Semen, Sappan Lignum, Gleditsiae Spina, Draconis Resina, Leonunari Semen, Selaginelliae Folium, Spatholobi Caulis, and these extracts were tested for MTT viabilaty test, BrdU incorporation, Tube foramtion assay on ECV304(immotalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell) at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$, $400{\mu}g/ml$ Results All extracts except Draconis Resina have no cytotoxicity at the $100{\mu}g/ml$, and in BrdU incorporation test, proliferation rate were reduced below 60% at the concentaraion of $100{\mu}g/ml$ by Zedoariae Rhizoma, Sappan, Lignum Gleditsiae, Spina Draconis Resina Vaccariae Semen. Zedoariae Rhizoma Sappan Lignum Gleditsiae Spina Draconis Resina Vaccariae Semen Olibanum, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix showed inhibition effects on tube formation of ECV304 at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion At the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in which cytotoxicity is not found, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Sappan Lignum, Gleditsiae Spina, Vaccariae Semen showed the inhibition effect on proliferation and tubeformation of ECV304.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.7
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• pp.161-197
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• 1994

I hereby have gained the following results by investigation and classification according to the contents of Masterial theses of 1015 volumes and Doctorial theses of 288 volumes, which have collected at their central libriaries, of theses which have published, until 1991, at Oriental Medical College of Kyunghee Univ., Kyungsan Univ., Dongguk Univ. and Taejon Univ. 1. The laboratory theses are more plentiful in number than those of literatural or clinical ones, especially more outstanding trends in the case of doctors. 2. In clinical theses, clinical obserbation was high frequnt in master and accupunture in doctor. 3. In laboratory theses, the usage of pharmacy was more frequnt than that of accupuntures or moxibutions. 4. In laboratory theses, it was more plentiful the case of being taken ill before experiment. 5. In experimental method, the drugs were more used complexed or complexed extract, in the case of accupunture, the methods were more adopted by general accup. and aqureaccupunture. 6. In laboritory theses, theses was abundant of no description of normal, control and laboratory groop. 7. It was the great number wi thin a day in the laboratory terms, the rats were most adopted as the objects of lab., in the number of lab method, doctor's was more plentiful than master's. 8. In literatural theses, there was expressed high frequnt trends of study of china, in era, Chosun dynasty in korea and Jin-Han in china. 9. The theory and books were mainly adopted as objects of theses study in the field of literature. 10. In another theses, there was many investigation of contents and drug and sign of illness were main object of study. 11. Laboratory theses had totally more reference and quotation than those of other theses. According to the above results, the number of laboratory theses are superior than clincal and literature theses, other study or statistical theses. But unfortunately they were not enough the transmission of meaning of theses and contribution of learning, beacuse how to do theses was not uni form and description was not evident. So afterward I think it is needed more careful attention and study in the method of theses works.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

At marine construction sites, there are problems with regard to dispute on the responsibility of safety management of chartered barge and its legal issues. In general, demise charter with crew is used for barge charterparty which is committed to the marine construction. Although Chapter 5 of the Korean Commercial Act enact provisions regulating a Time Chargerparty and a Bareboat Charterparty, it is difficult to clarify where the responsibility lies with regard to the safety control of the chartered barge. For this reason, disputes on accountability arise when accident occurs in effect. As a result, parties of the charterparty shift the responsibility on each other and there is increased risk for occurrence of similar accidents. There is no legally required qualification for a head of barge workers who is in charge of barge management. It is not possible to demand the head of barge workers to take charge of tasks which requires professional judgment as a marine technician considering his daily work scope. Furthermore, the barge committed to the marine construction as a form of bareboat charter or equipment charterage is an object which should be managed by safety supervisor of the charterer's marine construction. The charterer bears a duty to manage the safety of the barge. Therefore, the charterer is generally liable for the damage incurred in the course of using the chartered barge.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.248-252
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• 1998

Object : This study was performed in order to examine the correlation between acute neuroleptic-induced dystonic reactions and serum iron level. Method : Serum iron levels were measured in psychiatric inpatients who had developed acute neuroleptic-induced dystonia(N=41) and in control patients with no history of acute dystonic reactions(N=37). Serum iron levels were compared in acute dystonic inpatients before starting treatment with neuroleptics and after acute dystonic reaction. Results : The patients exhibiting acute dystonic reactions had significantly lower serum iron levels than the patients without acute dystonic reactions. Conclusion : This result supports an association between low serum iron and the occurrence of neuroleptic-induced acute dystonic reactions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.62-68
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• 2016

The feeder cable assembly is an automotive part used for telecommunication. If it malfunctions, the control and safety of the automobile can be put at risk. ALT (Accelerated Life Testing) is a testing process for products in which they are subjected to conditions (stress, strain, temperatures, etc.) in excess of their normal service parameters in an attempt to uncover faults and potential modes of failure in a short amount of time. Failure is caused by defects in the design, process, quality, or application of the part, and these defects are the underlying causes of failure or which initiate a process leading to failure. Thermal shock occurs when a thermal gradient causes different parts of an object to expand by different amounts. Thermal shock testing is performed to determine the ability of parts and components to withstand sudden changes in temperature. In this research, the main causes of failure of the feeder cable assembly were snapping, shorting and electro-pressure resistance failure. Using the Coffin-Manson model for ALT, the normal conditions were from Tmax = $80^{\circ}C$ to Tmin = $-40^{\circ}C$, the accelerated testing conditions were from Tmax = $120^{\circ}C$ to Tmin = $-60^{\circ}C$, the AF (Acceleration Factor) was 2.25 and the testing time was reduced from 1,000 cycles to 444 cycles. Using the Bxlife test, the number of samples was 5, the required life was B0.04%.10years, in the acceleration condition, 747 cycles were obtained. After the thermal shock test under different conditions, the feeder cable assembly was examined by a network analyzer and compared with the Weibull distribution modulus parameter. The results obtained showed good results in acceleration life test mode. For the same reliability rate, the testing time was decreased by a quarter using ALT.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2003

Objectives: The object of this study was to compare between perceived stress, coping strategies and quality of life between parents of childhood cancer and normal controls. Methods: Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses(psychopathology). Coping scale and Smithklein Beecham quality of life scale were used to measure coping strategies and quality of life. Results: Scores of perceived stress related to interpersonal, changes in relationship, sickness or illness, financial, unusual happenings on the GARS scale were significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Scores of the SCL-90-R, somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility subscale were also significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Scores of self control and positive reappraisal were significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Parents of childhood cancer scored significantly lower in quality of life than normal controls. Scores of depression were also significantly higher in parents of children diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL) than those as acute nonlymphocytic leukemia(ANLL). Conclusions: The results suggest that patients with parents of childhood cancer were likely to have higher levels of perceived stressor and psychopathology and lower quality of life than normal controls.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.61-79
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• 2010

As the interest and the importance of environmental protection increases rapidly, the environment considers to be not only the item that requires a control and a duty fundamental element but the fundamental element to enhance the internection icompetitiveness n so. Along with the collapse of the foreign trade barrier and the quality improvement of a customer's life qu life of a an object is shortened liforder to sectsfy the customer's lemands and as the result of it quaother critical issues rmparding the waste treatment and recasles are now thought to be momentou onlyaddition to the issue of the greenhou e gases reduction that is considered as one of me q issues among many internection ienvironmental issues. To keep up the pace with the environmental flow qube notd countries have nlreal iput their attempts to solve this environmental problems through a number of rmpulactios and acctios and they have showed a great concern for it as it is an internection iproblem that they should aasroaeronlythe aspect of not just a compan isr a country but of the wte e globn ivillage. Sueroenvironmental flow alemaned the logistic stratmpy of a compan iand it brought up the demand for the reverse logistics in a supply chain. For the reason above, the concept of reverse logistics and classification, the comparison with any similar concepts and its necessity are studied in this research through the theoretical consideration and the current state of the reverse logistics is organized in this research by acknowledging the domestic development process and the properties regarding the recycles of resources. In addition, the way to apply to the nation was investigated by comparing with the environmentalism development process, the reverse logistics policies and examples of advanced countries in logistics. The research proposed building of intimate cooperative system between a shipper and logistic service provider for the reverse logistics throughout the whole supply chain, the financial support, amendment of regulations, support Eco-friendly logistic technology development and the propagation, effective logistic system development and others and it is expected to bring a significant meaning to the reverse logistic policy and operation later on.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.83-88
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ball velocity changes depending on the different linear momentum of putter head. For this study, two different moving conditions(25cm free fall and 35cm free fall) of putter head were set. And two different types of ground conditions were used which are artificial grass green($180cm{\times}600cm{\times}1cm$) and glass green($40cm{\times}130cm{\times}1cm$). Movements of putter head and ball were recorded with 2 HD video cameras(60 Hz, 1/500s shutter speed). Small size control object($18.5cm{\times}18.5cm{\times}78.5cm$) was used in this study. Ball and putter head velocities were calculated by the First Central Difference Method(Hamill & Knutzen, 1995). Linear momentum of ball and putter head were calculated with mass and its velocities. Before impact, the velocity of the putter head of 35cm free fall was about 30% greater than that of the putter head of 25cm free fall. Linear momentum of putter head of 35cm free fall was about 0.355-0.364kg m/s and 25cm free fall was 0.251 kg m/s. After impact, putter head lost its linear momentum about 14-19% and adjusting time of putter head after impact would be 0.1 second. After 0.1 second, putter moved the route same as before impact. Maximum ball velocities were appeared 0.08s-0.10s after impact no matter what the ground conditions are. Ball velocities struck by 35cm free fall were 30 % faster than 25cm free fall. Linear momentum of ball struck by putter head was greater than that of expected amount because the moving ball has translational energy and rotational energy. Future study must treat three things. One is ball must struck by the different putters with different materials. Another is two-piece ball and three-piece ball should be used for the same condition studies. The other is height of center of rotation of club should be changed. In this study, the height of center of rotation of club head is 71cm from the ground. But recently many golfers used the long putter. Therefore next study should apply the different height of center of rotation of club head.