• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-59
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• 2010

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the favorable anti arthritic effects of Euiiin-tang($y{\grave{i}}y{\breve{i}}r{\acute{e}}n-t{\bar{a}}ng$) aqueous extract(EIITe), has been traditionally used in Korean medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis on collagen induced arthritic(CIA) DBA/1 mice. Methods : In the present study, effects of EIITe on the releases of human tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13 and production of Nitric oxide(NO) were observed by in vitro. In addition, to observe the effects on the CIA mice, three different dosages of EIITe, 300, 150 and 150 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 18 days from 24hrs after antigen challenges(type II collagen) on 21 days after immunization using Type II collagen Freund's complete adjuvant. Six groups, each of 8 DBA/1 mice per group were used in the present study as follows. Changes on the body weights, macroscopic arthritis scores, splenic weights, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 contents, articular cartilage(femur and tibia) collagen and glycosaminoglycans-chondroitin sulphate, sulphate and hyaluronic acid contents, histopathological observations(microscopic arthritis scores, thicknesses of femur and tibia cartilage thicknesses were monitored, compared to that of dexamethasone, a potent anti inflammatory agents, 1 mg/kg treated mice. Results : As results of collagen challenges, marked decreases of body weights and gains, articular cartilage collagen and glycosaminoglycan - chondroitin sulphate, sulphate and hyaluronic acid contents were observed with increases of macroscopic arthritis scores, splenic weights, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 contents, articular cartilage(in the both femur and tibia) loss and damages. However, these CIA signs were significantly and dosages dependently inhibited by treatment of EIITe 300 and 150 mg/kg as compared with CIA control, respectively. In addition, the releases of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, NO and MMP-13 were markedly and dose dependently inhibited by treatment of EIITe, invitro. Although CIA were more favorably inhibited by treatment of dexamethasone 1 mg/kg as compared with EIITe 300 mg/kg, marked decreases of body weights were detected in dexamethasone 1 mg/kg treated mice. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 150 mg/kg of EIITe showed favorable anti arthritic effects on the CIA mediated by immunomodulatory and/or anti oxidative effects. However, detail mechanism studies should be conduced in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb. lthough CIA were more favorably inhibited by treatment of dexamethasone 1 mg/kg as compared with EIITe 300 mg/kg, marked decreases of body weights were detected in dexamethasone 1 mg/kg treated mice, in the present study.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.355-361
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• 2006

In large scale environments like airport, museum, large warehouse and department store, autonomous mobile robots will play an important role in security and surveillance tasks. Robotic security guards will give the surveyed information of large scale environments and communicate with human operator with that kind of data such as if there is an object or not and a window is open. Both for visualization of information and as human machine interface for remote control, a 3D model can give much more useful information than the typical 2D maps used in many robotic applications today. It is easier to understandable and makes user feel like being in a location of robot so that user could interact with robot more naturally in a remote circumstance and see structures such as windows and doors that cannot be seen in a 2D model. In this paper we present our simple and easy to use method to obtain a 3D textured model. For expression of reality, we need to integrate the 3D models and real scenes. Most of other cases of 3D modeling method consist of two data acquisition devices. One for getting a 3D model and another for obtaining realistic textures. In this case, the former device would be 2D laser range-finder and the latter device would be common camera. Our algorithm consists of building a measurement-based 2D metric map which is acquired by laser range-finder, texture acquisition/stitching and texture-mapping to corresponding 3D model. The algorithm is implemented with laser sensor for obtaining 2D/3D metric map and two cameras for gathering texture. Our geometric 3D model consists of planes that model the floor and walls. The geometry of the planes is extracted from the 2D metric map data. Textures for the floor and walls are generated from the images captured by two 1394 cameras which have wide Field of View angle. Image stitching and image cutting process is used to generate textured images for corresponding with a 3D model. The algorithm is applied to 2 cases which are corridor and space that has the four wall like room of building. The generated 3D map model of indoor environment is shown with VRML format and can be viewed in a web browser with a VRML plug-in. The proposed algorithm can be applied to 3D model-based remote surveillance system through WWW.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2006

The land area, which is on the inner side of the water line, is controlled to a certain degree due to the purposes of space utilities controllers' respective roles, but the sea area is not so much controlled as the land area. However, as interest in the security and utility of the marine space, as well as that in the consistent development of the land space, has increased, there has been increase of the requirement for information about marine data and environment. The object of this study, Busan, plays various roles such as a harbor and bay, a tourist resort, and a port unlike coastal seas of other areas, and thus needs systematic control because it has numerous environmental factors. However, there are limitations in the number of data about Busan coastal sea constantly provided while the acquisition of data from main points and many areas is important for the analysis of marine contamination in Busan coastal sea area. Thus, using nautical charts with numerical values in preparing increase of the demand of them according to the degree of information requirement for the analysis of the changes in coastal areas, this study constructs property data and space data by combining vertex data about Busan's 17 coastal sea areas provided by NFRDI, and tries to present the analytical techniques for grasping the environmental conditions and continuity of the coastal areas and methods of their utilities, using GIS Geostatistical Analysis Technique.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

BIM Technology contains data from the life cycle of facility through 3D modeling. For these, one building products the huge file because of massive data. One of them is IFC which is the standard format, and there are issues that large scale data processing based on geometry and property information of object. It increases the rendering speed and constitutes the graphic card, so large scale data is inefficient for screen visualization to user. The light weighting of large scale BIM data has to solve for process and quality of program essentially. This paper has been searched and confirmed about light weight techniques from domestic and abroad researches. To control and visualize the large scale BIM data effectively, we proposed and verified the technique which is able to optimize the BIM character. For operating the large scale data of facility on web based GIS platform, the quality of screen switch from user phase and the effective memory operation were secured.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2015

The Koreanology as well as a study of the classics should start from the correct understanding of certain words or concepts. Inaccurate or even misinterpreted explanation is bound to lead to failure. If you read a classic text, if the object does not come up to indicate clearly what the bar often. Bout, are seen refer to the translation or commentary, sometimes encounter cases of very serious misunderstanding. If a simple mistake or error, and if you recognize and fix it, but eopget a big problem, described by early to conclude identified by the fact that the amount of problem becomes serious. Besides, if the trend will spread to quote it, the situation is not out of control. One sample is "Nodongchwibyeong(老松翠屛)" in "Kyoungdojapji(京都雜誌)" "Poonsock(風俗)" "Jetaek(第宅). In some places, it is called "Booyeon(附椽), it has been described elsewhere as a kind of "chwibyeong(翠屛)". This short manuscript clarified by reviewing the old literature closely, it was "songcheom", "songboong(松棚), another expression of Bungga(棚架). More precisely, it was a nickname of Hanyang Yangban in the 18th and 19th century. However, the historical research is just not as having a meaning only one explanation for the particular word. Dare to be confident that these study are meaningful. In the extremely weak division in the understanding of the original text, the cases of applying blindly without a reflection occurs frequently. This short manuscript is to give warning to recent trends. Humanities and classical field researchers made very carefully, taking into account the impact of translation and annotations, and the other branch to accommodate the research of classical humanities disciplines should try to see this information must be verified meets the facts.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2002

Several ways of curing are being tried to improve material's properties and reduce marginal gap. However, all are considering about the pattern of light intensity. It was noted from the preliminary study the change of light wavelength from filter changing may give an impact on material's property and microleakage. The object of this study was to verify the effect of filters with various wavelength width on the microhardness and microleakage of composite resin ; hybrid type of DenFil and submicron hybrid type of Esthet X. Composite resins were cured using 3 kinds of filter; narrow-banded(465-475 nm), mid-banded(430-470 nm), wide-banded(400-500 nm). After the estimation of microhardness. degree of dye penetration and the maximum gap from SEM evaluation were done between 4 groups that showed no difference in microhardness value of the lower surface . The results were as follows : 1 Adequate microhardness could not be gained with a narrow-banded filter irrespective of curing time. At the upper surface, DenFil should be polymerized with middle or wide-banded filter for 20 seconds at least, while Esthet X be col$.$ed with middle or wide-banded filter for 30 seconds at least to get simitar hardness value to control group. 2. There was little dye penetration in enamel margin, but all dentin margins skewed much more dye penetration irrespective of curing conditions. Although there was no statistical difference, groups cured with mid-banded filter for 40 seconds and with wide-width filter for 20 seconds showed relatively less dye penetration. 3. It was revealed from the SEM examination that group cured with wide-banded filter had the smallest gap without statistical significance. Spearman's rho test showed that the correlation between the results of dye penetration and SEM examination was very low. From these results, it could be concluded that curing with wide-width filter would be better than the other techniques, even though the curing technique using mid-width filter seems to have its own unique advantage.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.380-386
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• 2001

A nuclear microprobe system with adjustable precision object slits and a magnetic quadrupole doublet was designed by the beam optics simulation using a first order matrix formalism, and installed in a $30^{\circ}$ beam line connected with KIGAM 1.7 MV Tandem VDG Accelerator. Demagnification factors for x and y axis are calculated to be 25 and 4.9, respectively, and a minimum beam spot side is expected to be about 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ for 3 MeV proton beams with a current of about 1 nA. A multi-purpose octagonal target chamber has been built to facilitate MeV ion-beam analytical techniques of PIXE, RBS, ERDA, and ion beam micro-machining. It contains X-ray and particle detectors, a zoom microscope, a Faraday cup, a 4-axis sample manipulator and a high vacuum pumping system. The system performance of the nuclear microprobe is now being tested, and automatic manipulator control and data acquisition system will be installed for routine applications of micro ion-beam analytical techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

Satellite imagery with high resolution of about one meter is used widely in commerce and government applications ranging from earth observation and monitoring to national digital mapping. Due to the expensiveness of IKONOS Pro and Precision products, it is attractive to use the low-cost IKONOS Geo product with vendor-provided rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), to produce highly accurate mapping products. The imaging geometry of IKONOS high-resolution imagery is described by RFs instead of rigorous sensor models. This paper presents four different polynomial models, that are the offset model, the scale and offset model, the Affine model, and the 2nd-order polynomial model, defined respectively in object space and image space to improve the accuracies of the RF-derived ground coordinates. Not only the algorithm for RF-based ground coordinates but also the algorithm for accuracy improvement of RF-based ground coordinates are developed which is based on the four models, The experiment also evaluates the effect of different cartographic parameters such as the number, configuration, and accuracy of ground control points on the accuracy of geopositioning. As the result of a experimental application, the root mean square errors of three dimensional ground coordinates which are first derived by vendor-provided Rational Function models were averagely 8.035m in X, 10.020m in Y and 13.318m in Z direction. After applying polynomial correction algorithm, those errors were dramatically decreased to averagely 2.791m in X, 2.520m in Y and 1.441m in Z. That is, accuracy was greatly improved by 65% in planmetry and 89% in vertical direction.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.118-128
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• 2015

Recently BIM technology has been expanded for using in construction project. Due to the high-cost of BIM infrastructure development, lack of regulations, lack of process and so forth, usage of BIM has been delayed than initial expectations. In design phase, especially, collaboration based on BIM system has been a key factor for successful next generation building project. Through the analysis of current research trends about IT technologies, virtualization and BIM service, data exchange such as drawings, 3D model, object data, properties using cloud computing and virtual server system is defined as a most successful solution. The purpose of this study is to enable the cloud computing BIM server to provide several main functions such as editing models, 3D model viewing and checking, mark-up and snapshot in high-performance quality by proper design of VDI system. Concurrent client connection performance is a main technical index of VDI. Through testing of test-bed server client, developed VDI system's multi-connect control is evaluated. Performance-test result of BIM server VDI effect to development direction of cloud computing BIM service for commercialization.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

We have verified applicability of UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry to a mining engineering. The test mine is a smectite mine located at Gyeongju city in Gyeongnam province, Koera. 448 photos over area of $600m{\times}380m$ were taken with overlapped manner using Cannon Mark VI equipped to multicopter DJI S1000, which were processed with AgiSoft Photoscan software to generate orthophoto and DEM model of the study area. photogrammetry data with 10 cm resolution were generated using 6 ground control positions, which were exported to the 3D geological modeling software to make a topographic surface object. Monitoring of amount of ore production and landsliding could be done with less than 1 hours photographing as well as low cost. A direct link between UAV photogrammetry and 3D geological modeling technology might increase productivity of a mine due to appling the topographical surface change immediately according to the mining operation.