• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to see how government spending on education, health, and social security affects ratios in Indonesia. The third sector has a critical role to play in reducing the dependency ratio. It also aims to lower unemployment and poverty rates. This study uses the GMM panel data model. This model can determine the dynamic response of the ratio that comes from a number of variables. This study uses data from 33 provinces from 2010 to 2018. The results show that government spending in the education and health sectors has a positive effect on the dependency ratio, both in the short and long term. Social security has a significant effect on the dependency ratio in the long term, but not in the short term. Government spending in the education sector and health sector and social security sector have a positive and significant effect on disease and illness. The study's findings show a high level of poverty with a large standard deviation. The high ratio value is due to the large number of restrictions placed on a number of regions. Each province has made a significant contribution to overcoming these challenges, particularly in terms of the comparative ratio.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.231-242
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the trend of studies in family resource management and the contribution to family and society trough the studies since the establishment of The Korean Home Management Association. For this purpose this study analized 363 articles published in 4 journals relating to family resource management for 2 decades,. The contents are 1) an analysis to the trend of the studies classified by subject and period 2) an analysis to the ratio and trend of practical studies 3) a critic to the problems which this field of studies contains of 4) the suggestions for the future-enlargement of the information and practical education enrichment of education through the field study development of methods and contents for the study.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2000

Elemental carbon(EC) and organic carbon(OC) in fine particles (PM2.5) were collected from October 1995 through August 1996 in the Chongju area. The annual mean concentrations of EC and OC were 4.44 and 4.99 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m3 respectively. EC showed seasonal variation (p<0.01) The magnitude of the seasonal mean EC concen-tration progresses in the following manner : fall>winter>spring>summer. However OC was not statistically seasonal difference(p=0.20) The annual average OC/EC ratio was 1.12 suggesting that organic carbon measured may by emitted directly in particulate form(primary aerosol) The contribution of EC to PM2.5 mass follows a general pattern in which fall(14.6%) > winter (9.8%) >spring(7.8%) =summer(7.8%) and the contribution of OC to the PM2.5 mass varies in order fall(13.8%) >winter(11.3%) >spring(10.5%) >summer (9.4%) Total carbona-ceous particles(EC and OC) accounted for 17-28% of the PM2.5 mass.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.251-261
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• 2018

Self-centering concentrically braced frames (SCCBFs) are emerging as high performance seismically resistant braced framing system, due to the capacity of withstanding strong earthquake attacks and promptly recovering after events. To get a further insight into the seismic performance of SCCBFs, systematical evaluations are currently conducted from the perspective of modal contributions. In this paper, the modal pushover analysis (MPA) approach is utilized to obtain the realistic seismic demands by summarizing the contribution of each single vibration mode. The MPA-based results are compared with the exact results from nonlinear response history analysis. The adopted SCCBFs originate from existing buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBF), which are also analyzed for purpose of comparison. In the analysis of these comparable framing systems, interested performance indices that closely relate to the structural damage degree include the interstory drift ratio, floor acceleration, and absorbed hysteretic energy. The study shows that the MPA approach produces acceptable predictions in comparison to the exact results for SCCBFs. In addition, the high-modes effect on the seismic behavior increases with the building height, and is more evident in the SCCBFs than the BRBFs.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2020

The contribution of damage mechanisms to failure of steam turbine casing made of Cr-Mo-V steel was investigated. Creep-fatigue interaction on the HP side corner of turbine casing was revealed as the root cause of the catastrophic failure performed by metallurgical analysis. The steady-state pressure and transient thermal stress were analyzed based on the actual operating condition of the thermal plant. Damage of creep-fatigue interaction to crack initiation was evaluated with multiaxial effects. The contribution ratio of creep and fatigue to the crack initiation was estimated to 3:1. Temporary geometrical correct action with repair weld was executed. For long-term operation, design improvement of casing equipment for creep resistance should be needed.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the contribution of concrete and shear reinforcement, in shear carrying capacity, on concrete beams, reinforced with steel and/or FRP rods. The experimental tests for 12 concrete beams, reinforced with steel and/or FRP rods, are carried out. Experimental parameters includes the mechanical properties of reinforcements in shear and bending, and the ratio of shear reinforcement. This study compares the experimental results of shear carrying capacity in concrete beams, reinforced with steel and/or FRP rods, with the proposed equations. According to the experimental results, the effect of the concrete in concrete beams reinforced with FRP rods is decreased with decreasing Young's modulus of longitudinal tensile reinforcement. This results from the large deflection of concrete beams reinforced with decreasing Young's modulus of longitudinal tensile reinforcement. Also, the contribution of shear reinforcement is smaller than the calculated value, using the truss analogy. This results from the fact that the stress redistribution is not exhibited after the break of shear reinforcement.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.273-280
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• 1999

The base shear and the veritcal distribution of shears along the height of a building are two fundamental measures that define the design seismic load. But the method specified in Korean building code does not give an appropriate distribution for buildings of tall or longer period because it roughly account for the contributions of the higher modes. several methods to give a better distribution of seismic forces have been proposed. But they have not been introduced into the seismic codes yet probably because they cannot solve all the above-mentioned problems. This paper deals with the distribution of lateral seismic forces along the height of a building to account for the contribution of the higher modes. After reviewing some existing distributions in seismic codes and literatures moment-resisting frames with various stories were studied by modal analysis for a wide range of fundamental period and the stiffness ratio of the buiding. As a result of the analysis a new expression for the distribution of seismic forces is proposed and compared with those of some codes and dynamic analysis.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the coordination and contribution of body segments during functioning. Methods: The relevant literature related to body segments and function were reviewed. Results: Efficient control of function is considered with regard to a participant's ability to perform a sequence of movements in body segments, which progresses from the head to the arm, trunk, pelvis, and leg segments. Each segment performs a specific role, which environment explorer using visual information for the head, reaching and grasping for the arms, a stabilizer for the trunk, and the distribution of COM in the pelvis and leg. Conclusion: During any of the movements, the momentum generated by the proximal segments is transferred to the adjacent distal segments in an appropriate sequence. In assessing function for clinical intervention strategies, the segment coordination, segment sequence, transfer of the center of body mass, asymmetrical ratio, muscle activity, and compensatory strategies should be considered.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2021

In the present paper, an analytical model is proposed to determine the flexural and shear strength of normal and high-strength reinforced concrete beams with longitudinal bars, in the presence of transverse stirrups. The model is based on evaluation of the resistance contribution due to beam and arch actions including interaction with stirrups. For the resistance contribution of the main bars in tension the residual bond adherence of steel bars, including the effect of stirrups and the crack spacing of R.C. beams, is considered. The compressive strength of the compressed arch is also verified by taking into account the biaxial state of stresses. The model was verified on the basis of experimental data available in the literature and it is able to include the following variables in the resistance provision: - geometrical percentage of steel bars; - depth-to-shear span ratio; - resistance of materials; - crack spacing; - tensile stress in main bars; - residual bond resistance including the presence of stirrups;- size effects. Finally, some of the more recent analytical expressions able to predict shear and flexural resistance of concrete beams are mentioned and a comparison is made with experimental data.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.137-154
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• 2020

In this study, we analyze the performance of five major port distriparks and present a development plan. The analysis groups the performance into three categories: revitalization of companies in port distriparks, contribution to the port volume, and contribution to the national economy. The key parameters examined in detail include the ratio of hinterland volume to port volume (container and total cargo), port volume growth contribution rate, and job creation. Our results indicate that Gwangyang and Ulsan Ports showed steady growth for all the indicators analyzed, while Gwangyang Port was the only one among the five ports to display consistent steady growth. The results suggest that to achieve consistent growth, high value-added and specialized port distriparks based on the local economy should be established.