• Title/Summary/Keyword: Contrast agent

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Neuroprotective Effects of Methanolic Extracts from Peanut Sprouts (땅콩나물 추출물의 신경세포 보호 효과)

  • Kim, Hyun-Jung;Kang, Jum-Soon;Park, Hae-Ryong;Hwang, Yong-Il
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 2010
  • The neuroprotective effects of extracts from various parts of peanut sprouts on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in N18-RE-105 cells were investigated. This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of methanolic extracts from the whole (WME), heads (HME), and stems (SME) of peanut sprouts. The neuroprotective effects of these extracts were measured by MTT reduction assay, LDH release assay, phase-contrast microscopy, and flow cytometric analysis on the N18-RE-105 cells. Among these extracts, the HME showed the greatest neuroprotective effects, and was further fractionated with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water, according to degree of polarity. Out of the fractionated extracts, the diethyl ether layer showed the highest activity on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in N18-RE-105 cells. The sub-G1 DNA contents of the glutamate-induced severely apoptotic N18-RE-105s were measured by flow cytometric analysis to confirm the HME's anti-apoptotic activity. Interestingly, after incubation with 100 mg/ml of the HME, the proportion of sub-G1 cells of the glutamate-stressed N18-RE-105s had been greatly reduced, from 58.5% to 9.1%. These results imply that HME may have strong potential as a chemotherapeutic agent against neuronal diseases.

The Role of Trivalent Chromium as a Supplement (3가 크롬의 보조제로서의 역할)

  • 박형숙;강영희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.762-768
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    • 2004
  • Chromium has been known to be involved in the glucose metabolism, and hence the utilization of cellular glucose is impaired in the chromium deficiency. Chromium has been recognized as an essential nutrient since the finding of low-molecular-weight Cr-binding substance (LMWCr) as a biological modifier of insulin action. Clinical chromium deficiency associated with glucose intolerance that respond to the administration of chromium. The major impediment to the use of orally administered chromium is poor absorption of trivalent chromium in its inorganic form. Trivalent chromium is more available in yeast md, more recently, as chromium picolinate for oral absorption. The widespread use of these supplements has resulted in controversy regarding chromium's role as a nutrient, its use for treatment of insulin resistance, and its potential toxicity. Most recent evidence strongly supports tile conclusion that there is little fear of toxic reactions from chromium consumption. This report reviews the evidence for the potential toxicity of chromium supplements in contrast with its usefulness as a nutrient or therapeutic agent in the treatment or prevention of insulin resistance.

Antibacterial Effect on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria of Phytoncide from Chamaecyparis Obtusa (구강병원균에 대한 편백 피톤치드의 항균작용)

  • Kang, Soo-Kyung;Shin, Mi-Kyoung;Auh, Q-Schick;Chun, Yang-Hyun;Hong, Jung-Pyo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2007
  • Plant extract has attracted considerable interest in oral disease therapy. The present study was performed to observe the antibacterial effect on cariogenic Streptococcus mutans GS5 and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, and periodontopathic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 of phytoncide from Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc employing the measurement of optical density, viable cell counts, and antibiotic sensitivity. The results were as follows: 1. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the phytoncide for S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed to be 0.5%, 1%, and 0.2%, respectively. 2. Minimum bactericidal concentration of the phytoncide for S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined to be 0.5%, 2%, and 0.2%, respectively. 3. The bacteria exposed to the phytoncide become more sensitive to antibiotics. The phytoncide enhanced significantly antibacterial activity of ampicillin against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. It also increased significantly the activity of penicillin and amoxicillin against S. sobrinus. In contrast, the phytoncide augmented the activity of amoxicillin and cefotaxime against A. actinomycetemcomitans but the increase was not statistically significant. The overall results indicate that phytoncide from Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc used for this study has a strong antibacterial activity against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria and that it also has permeabilizing effect on certain antibiotics against these bacteria. Therefore, the phytoncide may be used as a candidate for prevention and therapeutic agent against oral infectious disease including dental caries and periodontal disease.

THE MOST APPROPRIATE ANTIMITOTIC TREATMENT OF ARA-C IN SCHWANN CELL-ENRICHED CULTURE FROM DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA OF NEW BORN RAT (신생 백서 척수후근절의 슈반세포 배양을 위한 Ara-C 분열억제제의 최적 효과에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Soung-Min;Lee, Jong-Ho;Ahn, Kang-Min;Kim, Nam-Yeol;Sung, Mi-Ae;Hwang, Soon-Jeong;Kim, Ji-Hyuck;Jahng, Jeong-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 2004
  • Schwann cell, one of important components of peripheral nervous system, interact with neurons to mutually support the growth and replication of embryonal nerves and to maintain the different functions of adult nerves. The Ara-C, known as an antimitotic agent, have been used to have high effectiveness in eliminating fibroblasts during Schwann cell culture period. This enrichment effect is also known to be cummulative with each successive pulse of Ara-C applied and is due to a progressive loss of fibroblasts. But the cytotoxicity by Ara-C is also cummulative and noticeable over the period. To determine the most effective application time and interval of Ara-C in the Schwann cell culture, we observed the Schwann cell purity and density with the Ara-C treatment in plain and three-dimensional culture from dorsal root ganglion of new born rat. By culturing dispersed dorsal root ganglia, we can repeatedly generate homogenous Schwann cells, and cellular morphology and cell count with mean percentages were evaluated in the plain culture dishes and in the immunostainings of S-100 and GFAP in the three-dimensional culture. The Ara-C treated cultures showed a higher Schwann cell percentage ($31.0%{\pm}8.09%$ in P4 group to $65.5%{\pm}24.08%$ in P2 group), compared with that obtained in the abscence of Ara-C ($17.6%{\pm}6.03%$) in the plain culture after 2 weeks. And in the three-dimensional culture, S-100 positive cells increased to $56.22%{\pm}0.67%$ and GFAP positive cells to $66.46%{\pm}1.83%$ in G2 group (p<0.05), higher yield than other groups with Ara-C application. Therefore, we concluded that the Ara-C treatment is effective for the proliferation of Schwann cells contrast to the fibroblasts in vitro culture, and the first application after 24 hours from cell harvesting and subsequent 2 pulse treatment (P2 group in plain culture and G2 group in three-dimensional culture) was more effective than other application protocols.

PEP-1-HO-1 prevents MPTP-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease mouse model

  • Youn, Jong Kyu;Kim, Dae Won;Kim, Seung Tae;Park, Sung Yeon;Yeo, Eun Ji;Choi, Yeon Joo;Lee, Hae-Ran;Kim, Duk-Soo;Cho, Sung-Woo;Han, Kyu Hyung;Park, Jinseu;Eum, Won Sik;Hwang, Hyun Sook;Choi, Soo Young
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.47 no.10
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    • pp.569-574
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    • 2014
  • Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) degrades heme to carbon dioxide, biliverdin, and $Fe^{2+}$, which play important roles in various biochemical processes. In this study, we examined the protective function of HO-1 against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Western blot and fluorescence microscopy analysis demonstrated that PEP-1-HO-1, fused with a PEP-1 peptide can cross the cellular membranes of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the transduced PEP-1-HO-1 inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion ($MPP^+$). In contrast, HO-1, which has no ability to transduce into SH-SY5Y cells, failed to reduce $MPP^+$-induced cellular toxicity and ROS production. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injected PEP-1-HO-1 crossed the blood-brain barrier in mouse brains. In a PD mouse model, PEP-1-HO-1 significantly protected against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced toxicity and dopaminergic neuronal death. Therefore, PEP-1-HO-1 could be a useful agent in treating oxidative stress induced ailments including PD.

Single-Dose Toxicity and Four Week Repeated-Dose Toxicity Study on Tensolin-F® (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen) (Tensolin-F® (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen)의 단회 독성시험 및 4주 반복투여 독성시험)

  • Kim, Keun-Su;Park, Sung-Min;Lee, Nam-Jin;Pyo, Hyeong-Bae;Chai, Hee-Yul;Jung, Yu-Ri;Lin, Chun-Mai;Kim, Sun-Hee;Lee, Hye-Young;Kang, Jong-Koo
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.405-413
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    • 2007
  • This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$, an anti-wrinkle agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test materials were administered once by gavage to male and female SD rats at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test material was administered once daily by gavage to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 4-weeks. In the results, no abnormality was observed in mortality, clinical findings, body weight changes, food and water consumptions, opthalmoscopic findings, necropsy findings, histopathological findings. In hematological analysis, there was a trend of increase in reticulocyte at male 25 mg/kg, although such changes were in normal ranges. On the other hand, there was a trend of decrease in hemoglobin at female 50, 100 mg/kg, such changes were in normal ranges. In addition, serum biochemical parameters including sodium, BUN and chloride increased at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Relative organ weights of right testis, brain, lung and left epididymis were increased in 100 mg/kg groups of male rats in contrast to not change in female groups. However, these changes of relative organ weights, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not accompanied with related signs such as histopathological changes or clinical findings. In conclusion, 4-week repeated oral dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ to ICR mice did not cause apparent toxicological change at the dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight. Consequently the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ in ICR mice following gavage for at least 4-week is higher than 100 mg/kg/day.

Antimicrobial and clinical effects of mouthrinses of acid water prepared by an electrolysis apparatus on chronic periodontitis (산화전위수 양치용액 사용이 만성 치주질환에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구)

  • Cho, Kyoo-Sung;Won, Mi-Sook;Chul, Hyun-Chul;Jung, Jung-Hwak;Choi, Seong-Ho;Chai, Jung-Kui;Kim, Chong-Kwan
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.739-749
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the antimicrobial and clinical effects of acid water mouthrinse prepared by an electrolysis apparatus on chronic periodontitis and to evaluate the lasting period of these effects. The change' in the pattern of colonization of bacteria within the subgingival pockets was monitored by phase contrast microscopy, in 40 patients, over a period of 8 weeks. In addition, changes in the clinical parameters of the diseased sites were also monitored. Site of pocket ${\geq}$ 5mm was selected in each patient randomly divided into two groups. As a test group, acid water mouthrinse was used twice a day in 20 patients. As control, no mouthrinse was used in 20 patients The results were as follows : 1. The suppression of motile bacteria was maintained for up to 3-4 weeks at test group. 2. Two groups did not differ significantly in proportion of bacteria in subgingival plaque over a period of 8 weeks. 3. Loss of attachment showed a significant difference in test group and in test group compared with control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in control group. 4. No statistical difference was shown in two groups concerning the gingival index, plaque index, bleeding index. The results suggest that acid water mouthrinse is effective for reducing subgingival bacteria. It can be concluded that acid water may be useful as an mouthrinsing agent.

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Pharmacological Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cloropidol on Motor Task (운동과제에 대한 클로피도그렐의 약리적 뇌자기공명영상)

  • Chang, Yong-Min
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.136-141
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    • 2012
  • Purpose : To investigate the pharmacologic modulation of motor task-dependent physiologic responses by antiplatelet agent, clopidogrel, during hand motor tasks in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy, right-handed subjects underwent three functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) sessions: one before drug administration, one after high dose drug administration and one after reaching drug steady state. For the motor task fMRI, finger flexion-extension movements were performed. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast was collected for each subject using a 3.0 T VHi (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA) scanner. $T2^*$-weighted echo planar imaging was used for fMRI acquisition. The fMRI data processing and statistical analyses were carried out using SPM2. Results: Second-level analysis revealed significant increases in the extent of activation in the contralateral motor cortex including primary motor area (M1) after drug administration. The number of activated voxels in motor cortex was 173 without drug administration and the number increased to 1049 for high dose condition and 673 for steady-state condition respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of BOLD signal change in terms of peak T value. Conclusion: The current results suggest that cerebral motor activity can be modulated by clopidogrel in healthy subjects and that fMRI is highly senstive to evidence such changes.

An Intertextual Approach to Narcissa Benbow in Sanctuary, Sartoris and "There Was a Queen" (나시서 벤보우에 관한 상호텍스트적 연구)

  • Shin, Young-Hun;Kang, Ji-Hyun
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.300-309
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    • 2020
  • Recent studies on William Faulkner's female characters have overcome much of the stereotyped and dichotomous approaches of the past by uncovering their subversive characteristics. Nevertheless, they still present some limitations in regards to analyzing the characters based on individual texts. This paper attempts an inter-textual approach to Narcissa Benbow, the central character of Sanctuary, Sartoris and "There Was a Queen." In Sanctuary, Narcissa, a young widow of a Southern aristocratic family, harshly accuses her brother Horace, a lawyer of taking a murder suspect's wife and her infant child to their old house. She is afraid that their existence could harm the reputation of her family and herself. Eventually, she kicks them out of the house. In contrast, she is described as being friendly and calm in Sartoris. In addition, in "There Was a Queen," Narcissa makes an attempt to get an obscene letter back from an FBI agent in exchange for a sexual favor in order to prevent the letter from being disclosed. This paper takes into account the possibility of seeing these incoherent or even contradictory aspects of her characterization with a consistent view. This confirms that an inter-textual approach is needed to properly understand those round female characters created by Faulkner.

Combined MRI and Relaxogram: A New Method of Fat Study (MRI와 Relaxogram을 이용한 지질 연구의 새로운 기법에 관한 연구)

  • Yongmin Chang;Yoo, Done-Sik;Kim, Tae-Hun;Kim, Yong-Joo;Kang, Duk-Sik;Robert B. Clarkson
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 1999
  • Combined MRI and Relaxogram approach was introduced as a very useful tool for fat study. The phantoms simulating homogeneous mixture of fat and non-fat environments were measured with spin echo pulse sequence on a 0.15 T whole body imager. From 45 scans, the Tl values were obtained by fitting the data to continuous distribution (CONTIN) of relaxation time. This relaxogram gives broad distributions of relaxation time, which are characterized by a number of peaks with characteristic T1 values. Two distinct peaks in relaxogram were observed and identified as signals from com oil and gelatin gel. This model system can be served as simulating the distribution of fat in muscle. Also the relative ratio of two components, which is proportional to the area under the peak, is estimated and compared to nominal values. Based on the good agreement between two predictions, the values from our proposed method agreed with nominal values within $\pm$7 % error. The effects of different concentration of contrast agent and different region of interest are presented. To optimize total scan times, the minimum required data points and so further reduction in total scan times are discussed.

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