• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of regular exercise through the combined walking-oriented aerobic and resistance exercises using EX1 in young adults. Design: Experimental one group pre and post test Methods: Participants comprised17 healthy young adults. All subjects performed a combined exercise program for 10 times using EX1. We measured quadriceps muscle thickness using ultrasound. Additionally, the hand grip strength test, and sit and reach test were performed before and after the exercise. Through paired t-test, we investigated whether there was a statistically significant difference in the measurement results after exercise program. Results: The rectus femoris muscle contraction ratio showed significant difference after exercise(P< 0.01). In the sit and reach test, flexibility showed significant difference after exercise(P < 0.01). The hand grip strength test also showed significant difference after exercise(P < 0.05). Conclusions: Healthy young adults can effectively perform various exercises commonly performed in daily life using EX1.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

Background: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between electromyography (EMG) activities in the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) vs vastus lateralis (VL) activity ratio and the valgus collapse knee position while stepping down. Methods: Twenty healthy women volunteered to participate in this study. We measured the frontal-plane projections of the knee valgus angle, knee valgus distance, and hip adduction angle by using a digital camcorder. After 3 repetitions of the step down (dominant side) exercise, the findings of the static and dynamic phases were analyzed. EMG activities data of the VMO:VL activity ratio were recorded during the step down exercise and were normalized to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps. A paired t-test was used to compare the findings of the static and dynamic phases. We analyzed the Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient between the and VMO:VL ratio. Results: Hip adduction angle, knee valgus angle, VMO activity, VL activity, VMO:VL activity ratio were statistically higher in the dynamic phase than in the static phase (p<.05). Frontal-plane projections of knee valgus angle were significantly correlated with hip adduction angle (r=.459, p<.05) and knee valgus distance (r=.505, p<.05). However, the EMG activity ratio of the VMO and the VL did not show a significant change during step down exercise with respect to hip adduction angle (p=.875), knee valgus angle (p=.618), and knee valgus distance (p=.701). Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that frontal-plane projections of knee valgus angle were associated with hip adduction angle and knee valgus distance. On the basis of these results, the knee valgus distance may be used to determine the valgus collapse knee position while stepping down.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2014

전단보강근이 없는 고강도 콘크리트 보의 전단능력을 평가하기 위하여 전단경간비 2.4인 시험체를 콘크리트 압축강도 60MPa 이상의 4단계별로 제작하여 파괴하중과 전단응력을 기존의 국내외 설계기준과 비교하였다. 특히 적용가능한 한계콘크리트 압축강도 70MPa 이상인 경우 전단응력을 기존 제안식을 보정하지 않고 적용하여 실험결과와 비교하였다. 고강도 콘크리트 보의 전단파괴 강도를 결정하여 기존의 설계기준결과와 차이를 분석하고 시공현장에서 고려해야할 특기사항을 제안하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the changes in muscle activity on the anterior deltoid muscle depending on the stretch rate of kinesio tape when applying kinesio tape in healthy adult subjects. Methods: This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial, including 22 healthy participants (male 15, female 7) with no pathology or past history of shoulder who participated voluntarily. Participants applied a different stretch rate of the kinesio tape, and the functional activity was tested. The stretch rate of kinesio tape was 0%, 10%, and 20%. Subjects lifted a weight (5% of their body weight) to their shoulder height. Subjects lifted a weight up to an angle of 90 degrees in the sagittal plane, and muscle activities (biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, upper trapezius) were assessed using EMG (electromyography). Analysis of muscle activity was divided into two parts (lift weight and keep holding). The EMG activity of each muscle was normalized to the value of reference voluntary contraction (%RVC) and explored using repeated ANOVA. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle activity depending on the ratio of tape stretch when lifting a weight (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in muscle activity depending on the ratio of tape stretch when holding a weight (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in the case of applying kinesio taping therapy for healthy people, it was found that the stretch rate of the tape does not have an effect on muscle activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2017

This study was aimed to examine relaxing effects of Acanthopanacis cortex(AC) through nitric oxide(NO) production and phosphodiesterase type 5(PDE-5) inhibition in corpus cavernosum. In order to define the relaxation effects of AC extract, rabbit corpus cavernous tissues were prepared in $2{\times}2{\times}8mm$ sized strip. AC extract ($0.01-3.0mg/m{\ell}$) were treated in contracted strips induced by phenylephrine(PE) and $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) was treated before AC extract-treated. And calcium chloride($Ca^{2+}$) 1 mM was infused into precontracted strips after pretreatment of AC extract in $Ca^{2+}-free$ krebs-ringer solution. When AC extract was applied to human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC), cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and NO concentration was measured by Griess reagent system. Ratio of smooth muscles to collagen fibers and eNOS, PDE-5 positive reaction were measured by histochemical and immunohistochemical process on mice corpus cavernosum. AC extract significantly affected relaxion of the cavernous strips, and the pretreatment of L-NNA inhibited AC extract-induced relaxation. Contraction induced by the addition of $Ca^{2+}$ was inhibited by treatment with the AC extract in $Ca^{2+}-free$ solution. In AC group, NO concentration, ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fibers, and eNOS positive reaction were increased, PDE-5 positive reaction was decreased compared to PE group. As a result of the above experiment, it was thought that AC extract inhibits the inflow of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ by activating cGMP through the increase of eNOS / NO and the decrease of PDE-5 which inhibits cGMP activity, in the corpus cavernosum.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, lean body mass(LBM) and bone mineral density(BMD) in the elderly. Eleven males(age, 70.27${\pm}$5.78yr; height, 167.36${\pm}$6.68 cm; weight, 68.34${\pm}$8.23 kg) and thirteen female(age, 69.77${\pm}$4.13yr; height, 152.80${\pm}$4.45 cm; weight, 56.86${\pm}$7.40 kg) participated in this study. In all subjects, LBM and BMD segments was measured by using Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA, Lunar DPS-DM, U.S.A.). Maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of flexion and extension at the knee and elbow, ankle, trunk joints were measured by using an isokinetic dynamometer(CON-TREX(R) Multi Joint Testing Module, Switzerland). The results of this study showed that isometric and isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher in extension than flexion. In the male and female, hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio(H:Q ratio) was increased as contraction velocity increased. BMD was correlated significantly with trunk extension in the male, but not in the female. LBM was correlated significantly in the male and female with knee extension strength. This study suggests that in the elderly muscle strength training program should put more weight on extensor muscles of the body.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

Objectives : These present study was designed to investigate the relaxation effects of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus(AOF) on isolated corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.Methods : Rabbit corpus cavernous tissues were prepared in strip. Then relaxation responses of AOF at 0.01-3 ㎎/㎖ in contracted strips induced by phenylephrine(PE) were measured. To evaluate mechanisms, indomethacin(IM) tetraethylammonium chloride(TEA), Nω-nitro-L-arginine(_L-NNA), methylene blue(MB) were treated before AOF extract(0.1-3 ㎎/㎖) infused into precontracted strips induced by PE. And 1 mM Ca²⁺was infused into precontracted strips after pretreatment of AOF extract(3 ㎎/㎖) in Ca²⁺-free krebs-ringer solution. NO concentration was measured by Griess reagent system. Ratio of smooth muscles to collagen fibers and eNOS positive reaction were measured by histocheminal and immunohistochemical process.Results : The cavernous strips were significantly relaxed by AOF extract 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 ㎎/㎖ and the pretreatment with IM 10 μM,_L-NNA 100 μM, MB 10 μM inhibited relaxation of AOF compared to non-pretreatment, but the pretreatment with TEA 100 μM didn't affect relaxation of AOF. In a Ca²⁺-free solution, pretreatment with AOF reduced increase on contraction of strips by Ca²⁺supply than non-pretreatment. On HUVEC, NO concentration was increased. On corpus cavernosum of penis in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat, ratio of smooth muscles to collagen fibers and eNOS positive reaction in AOF group were increased compared to PE groupConclusions : Taken this results, we can suggest that AOF extract exerts a relaxation effects on rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in part by suppressing influx of extracellular Ca²⁺throughout prostacyclin, the NO-cGMP system.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2014

고고도 모사를 위한 축소형 디퓨저의 비연소장 조건에서의 성능특성을 수치적으로 파악하였다. 디퓨저 입구길이를 노즐 출구직경과 비교해 0, 50, 100%로 변화 시켰고, 디퓨저 목의 길이는 2차목의 직경과 비교해 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12로 다양화하여 해석하고 실제 모사실험 값과 비교하였다. 그 결과 디퓨저의 입구길이가 짧아질수록 plume의 형상은 수축되었다. 또한, 디퓨저의 2차목 길이가 디퓨저 지름의 최소 8배보다 짧으면 내부에 마하디스크가 형성되어 압력의 급격한 상승을 일으킨다. 아음속 디퓨저의 길이는 설계치의 0, 50, 75, 100%로 변화시켜 유동의 변화를 관찰하였고, 길이가 짧아질수록 2차목 내부에 갑작스런 압력 상승을 야기함을 확인하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of bridging stabilization exercises on trunk muscles activity on and off a Swiss ball. 20 healthy university students volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four exercises: exercise 1, single bridging exercise; exercise 2, feet on ball bridging exercise; exercise 3, calf on ball bridging exercise; exercise 4, back on ball bridging exercise. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. A repeated measures of ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction was used to determine the influence of exercise type on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine local/global muscle ratios. The rectus abdominis of exercise 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than rectus abdominis of exercise 1, 2, 3 (p<.05). The external oblique of exercise 2, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than external oblique of exercise 1 (p<.05). The internal oblique of exercise 2, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than internal oblique of exercise 1 (p<.05). The erector spinae of exercise 2, 3, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than erector spinae of exercise 1 (p<.05). Median of internal oblique/rectus abdominis ratio of exercise 1 was 1.16, exercise 2 was 2.43, exercise 3 was 2.45, exercise and 4 was 1.27. Median of internal oblique/external oblique ratio of exercise 1 was 1.01, exercise 2 was .91, exercise 3 was .99, and exercise 4 was .93. Muscle activity can be influenced by addition of a Swiss ball in bridging exercises. It is recommend to use a Swiss ball for trunk stabilization exercise.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the intramuscular activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles and the upper trapezius/middle serratus anterior (UT/MSA) ratios during shrug exercise and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) scapular pattern exercise. Methods: The participants of this study were 13 young adult men who voluntarily consented to participate in this experiment after listening to its purpose and methods. All participants were instructed on maximal voluntary isometric contraction and scapular exercises. The intramuscular activation of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), middle serratus anterior (MSA), and lower serratus anterior (LSA) muscles while performing scapular exercises in a side-lying position were measured using surface electromyography. To analyze the muscle activation and UT/MSA ratio between the two exercises, a one-way repeated ANOVA was performed. Post-hoc analyses were conducted using Tukey's multiple comparison and analysis. Hamstring flexibility for each group was measured by a passive straight leg raising test. Results: The shrug exercise showed significantly higher UT activation compared to PNF anterior elevation and posterior elevation scapular patterns. The PNF scapular anterior elevation pattern showed significantly higher serratus anterior activation than the shrug exercise. Additionally, the UT/MSA ratios were significantly lower in the PNF scapular anterior elevation pattern than in the two exercises. Conclusion: Although shrug exercise was effective for strengthening UT, the PNF scapular anterior elevation pattern may be effective for strengthening MSA and improving the UT/MSA ratio.