• 무역학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.279-301
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• 2020

In the absence of any guidance under statutory law, such as the Rules for Construction of Policy, MIA 1906, judges should follow the general principles of interpretation that apply to all contracts. In simple terms, Contra Proferentem Rule means that if the contents of the terms and conditions are ambiguous, they are interpreted against the writer of the terms and conditions. In the Anglo-American Contract Law, the 'default rule' is an important judicial tool that can supplement defects in contract norms and reinforce the principle of private autonomy through gap-filling techniques related to the interpretation of contracts. In Korea, it is sometimes mentioned in case of precedent, and it has been established as a clear rule. This study analyzes the interpretation of terms and conditions is not in the form that the interpretation of other general contracts and other interpretation principles are valid, but contracts based on terms and conditions are also contracts, and as a general rule, the interpretation of terms and conditions is explained like the general contract interpretation.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.169-190
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• 2009

용선계약상 특정 조건이 선하증권에 유효하게 편입되었는가를 판단하기 위해서는 우선적으로 선하증권의 편입조항이 언급하고 있는 용선계약을 특정해야 한다. 그러나 선하증권 전면에 용선계약 체결일자가 기재되지 않고, 화물운송에 다수의 용선계약이 관여된 경우에는 용선계약의 특정이 문제된다. 이 문제는 오랫동안 영국법원에서 쟁점으로 다투어져 왔으며, 현재까지도 분쟁의 소지가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 선하증권에 편입된 용선계약의 특정이 쟁점으로 되었던 영국의 주요 판례들을 비교 분석하여, 이에 관한 명확한 해석원칙이 존재하고 있지 않다는 점을 규명하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 용선계약의 특정 문제에 적용될 수 있는 네 가지 해석원칙을 제시하였는 바, 즉 문면강조의 원칙, 주변정황의 고려원칙, 적절성의 원칙, 작성자불이익의 원칙이 그것이다. 특히, 이 중에서 문면 강조의 원칙이 선하증권의 유통성 확보와 거래의 안전을 도모할 수 있다는 점에서 가장 우선적으로 고려되어야 할 해석원칙이 된다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper examines the legal standards for the interpretation of contract terms in the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) and the cases thereunder in order to provide academic implication to promoting an appropriate understanding of this topic in practical business. Design/methodology - This article uses the literature research and case study under the PICC. Findings - the contract terms shall be interpreted according to the common intention of the parties. If such an intention cannot be established, the contract shall be interpreted according to the meaning that reasonable persons of the same kind as the parties would give to it in the same circumstances. The statements and other conduct of a party shall be interpreted according to that party's intention if the other party knew or could not have been unaware of that intention. If not, the reasonable person standard will apply. In applying above articles, all relevant circumstances including the conduct of the parties, practices and usages shall be considered. Terms and expressions shall be interpreted in the light of the whole contract or statement in which they appear and contract terms shall be interpreted so as to give effect to all the terms rather than to deprive some of them of effect. Where contract terms supplied by one party are unclear, contra proferentem rule applies. Where there is discrepancy between several equally authoritative versions of a contract, a preference is given to the interpretation according to the version originally drawn up. Where the parties to a contract have not agreed regarding an important term for their rights and duties, a term which is appropriate in the circumstances shall be supplied. Originality/value - This article examines various cases regarding the topic that were determined under the PICC. By finding legal standards and rulings of relevant cases, this article will help readers in practical business to enhance the ability to apply the provisions to their contracts.