• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to classify the cultivation status of medicinal crop farmers and to obtain basic data on domestic medicinal crops. To this end, 406 medicinal crop farmers participating in farming education programs in 14 cities and counties were surveyed over 10 months. The results were as follows. First, the biggest difficulty farmers faced in the overall production of medicinal crops was a lack of cultivation skills. Second, in a detailed inquiry about each difficulty item, the most difficult problems were injury by continuous cropping of root-using crops, shortage of specific farm machinery, uncertain market prices, and lack of knowledge about pest control or the positive list system (PLS). Third, the profitability of medicinal crops increased with career experience. Among the farmers who earned profits, requests for education and technical guidance were the most important factors for profitability. Fourth, the results of the analysis suggest that to achieve stable cultivation of medicinal crops, the following items need to be addressed: development and supply of basic cultivation technologies, climate response, registration of pest control pesticides, a solution to the injury by continuous cropping, and contracting cultivation expansion. Additionally, to improve profitability, it is necessary to create conditions that enable the same crops to grow for a long time in one region.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.146-155
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• 1989

오이연작토양(連作土壤)에 담수처리(湛水處理)를 하여 오이를 재배(栽培)하면서 생육시기별(生育時期別)로 토양화학성(土壤化學性), 미생물조(微生物租) 및 미생물성(微生物性) Biomass의 변화(變化)를 조사분석(調査分析)하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면, 1. 토양화학성중(土壤化學性中) pH는 5.50~5.90으로 높아지고, EC는 0.3mmhos/cm 이하(以下)로 감소(減少)하여 염류온도장해(鹽類溫度障害)의 가능성(可能性)이 줄었으며, 토양염류(土壤鹽類)의 균형(均衡)도 Ca/Mg는 2.5 Ca/K는 4.8, Mg/K는 2.0에 근접(近接)하였다. 2. 담수처리후(湛水處理後) 세균(細菌)과 방사상균(放射狀菌)의 수(數)는 증가(增加)하였으나, 사상균(絲狀菌)과 병원성(病源性) Fusarium 속균(屬菌), 그리고 Pythium과 Phytophthora속균(屬菌)의 수(數)는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. B/F치(値)는 담수처리시(湛水處理時) 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이며 처리별(處理別)로는 7일간(日間) 담수구(湛水區)보다 20일간(日間) 담수구(湛水區)의 B/F치(置)는 더 높은 값을 나타냈다. 4. Biomass 함량(含量)은 10.4~36.1mg/100g이었으며 담수구(湛水區)의 Biomass 함량(含量)은 비담수구(非湛水區)보다 더 높았으며, 담수기간(湛水期間)이 길수록 더 높았으며, 시기별(時期別)로는 생육중기(生育中期)의 함량(含量)이 초기(初期)보다 낮은 경향(傾向)이었으나, 일반적(一般的)으로 증가(增加) 하는 경향(傾向)이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1992

답전윤환토양(畓田輪換土壤)에서 작부형태(作付形態)를 달리하여 작물을 재배했을 때 토양미생물상(土壤微生物相)의 경시적변화(輕時的變化)와 토양화학성분(土壤化學成分)과의 관계를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작물재배 기간 중 미생물상의 변화는 휴한지(休閑地)와 수도 및 대두 연속재배지(連續栽培地)에서 세균과 방선균수는 5월부터 8월까지 현저한 증가를 보였으나 사상균수는 감소되었다. 2. 대두연속재배구에서 Gram 음성균(陰性菌)인 Pseudomonas- 및 Rhzobium속 세균수가 그리고 Gram 양성균(陽性菌)인 Bacillus subtilis의 증가를 보였으며, 휴한지(休閑地)에서는 Agrobacterium속 세균수의 증가를 보였다. 3. 감자 및 배추 연속(連續) 재배구(栽培區)에서 Fusarium-, Rhizoctonia-, Phoma속의 토양(土壤) 병원성(病源性) 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)가 증가되었으며, 특히 전(全) 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)에 대한 토양(土壤) 병원성(病源性) 사상균(絲狀菌)의 비율이 현저히 증가되었다. 4. 토양(土壤) 미생물(微生物) 분석(分布) 중 세균 및 방선균 수는 토양 양이온 중(Ca＋Mg)/K 비율과 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 그리고 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)와의 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.438-441
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• 1997

칠곡통의 식양질 논에서 답전윤환시 밭작물로 콩을 재배했을 때 Bradyrhizobium japonicum의 밀도변화와 토양 이화학성과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. B. japonicum의 서식밀도는 계속 논이용구에서 $10^1cells/g.soil$ 수준이었고 답전윤환구에서는 $10^1cells/g.soil$ 이상 수준이었다. 그리고 시비수준별 균주 밀도는 무비구가 관행시비구보다 2년주기 윤환시 1.9배, 3년주기 윤환 및 4년연속 밭이용시는 10배가량 높은 수준이었다. 토착 B. japonicum 밀도변화는 토양의 유기물함량$(r=0.83^*),\;Ca/K(r=0.74^*)$ 및$(Ca+Mg)/K(r=0.72^*)$와 정상관 관계를 보였고 토양경도와는 부의 상관관계(r=-0.73*)를 보였다. 그리고, 계속 논이용구 대비 답전윤환구에서의 B. japonicum 밀도증가는 질소고정잠재능의 증가로 이어졌다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng root rot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani is a major cause of replant failure in continuous cropping ginseng. Methods and Results: To control replant injury in soil infected with C. destructans and F. solani, biosolarization was performed by covering the plot with transparent polyethylene film after adding green manure of maize and sunflower for the summer season. Per 10 a, fresh and dry weight of maize was 10.1 and 2.5 tons, respectively, and that of sunflower was 8.1 tons and 1.2 tons, respectively. Mean maximum temperature at 20 cm depth was $33.2^{\circ}C$, $41.5^{\circ}C$ and $41.8^{\circ}C$ in the control, maize-incorporated and sunflower-incorporated plots, respectively. The elapsed time over $40^{\circ}C$ was 36.4 h in the maize-incorporated plot and 77.3 h in the sunflower-incorporated plot. Biosolarization increased $NO_3$ content in soil, while content of organic matter, Ca, and Mg was decreased. Electrical conductivity, $NO_3$ and $P_2O_5$ in soil significantly increased after two years of biosolarization. The number of spores of C. destructans in soil was significantly decreased by biosolarization, and sunflower treatment was more effective than maize treatment in decreasing the number of spores. Root yield of 3-year-old ginseng was significantly increased by biosolarization, however, there was no significant difference between maize and sunflower treatments. Rate of root rot in 3-year-old ginseng decreased to 16.5% with the incorporation maize and 5.0% with the incorporation of sunflower, while that in control 25.6%. Conclusions: Biosolarization was effective in inhibiting ginseng root rot by decreasing the density of root rot disease and improving soil chemical properties.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

In an experiment conducted at the research field of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, we investigated the effects of mineral fertilizer and rice straw compost on exchangeable potassium and K balances, and rice grain yield under a rice single system. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (N), inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) plus rice straw compost at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and $30.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ (NPKC7.5, NPKC15.0, NPKC22.5, and NPKC30.0, respectively). The inorganic fertilizers(N, P, K) were added with standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied with $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable potassium for NPKC15.0 NPKC22.5, and NPK30.0 treatments was higher by $0.05{\sim}0.19cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ than that of NPKC7.5 treatment. Increasing levels of rice straw compost resulted in an increase in the K balance from - $19.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ (No fert.) to $41.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ at NPKC22.5 treatment and $62.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ at NPKC30.0 treatment. Continuous application of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers affected significantly the rice grain yields. The result of the study imply that the application of more than $22.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers are recommended as the best fertilization practice for enhancement of crop production and K supplying power of soil in the continuous rice cropping system.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.606-611
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• 1998

An antagonistic bacterium, Pseudomonas flurorescens MC07 inhibited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phytophthora capsici in on potato dextrose agan (PDA) and other media. The strain MC07 conlonizes various plant roots and possesses antifungal activity. To determine the role of antifungal activity of the bacterium in disease suppression, a mutant Okm3-4 which lost its activity was isolated after screening 2,500 colonies generated by Omegon-Km insertions. The mutant Okm3-4 showed diminished growth inhibition of R. solani, P. ultimum, F. oxysporum, and Ph. capsici in vitro and had reduced suppressive effects on sesame damping.-off compared to the parental strain. In soils, accumulation of the pathogens by continuous cropping, 90% of sesame plants were killed by natural infection of damping-off whereas, only 29% of plants grown from seeds treated with MC07 were killed. On the other hand, 85% of plants died when sesame seeds were treated with the Okm3-4 cells. This indicated that antifungal activity of MC07 in vitro is directly responsible for the suppression of damping-off disease. Emergence rates of sesame seeds in pots containing diseased soil were 33%. However, MC07 treatments on seeds significantly improved emergence rates, which has similar effects of Benomyl treatment. The mutant Okm3-4 exhibited 53% of emergence rate. This indicated that antifungal activity of MC07 also affects the emergence rate of sesame seeds.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

경상북도 북부지역 7개 시 군의 담배재배 농가를 대상으로 병해 발생상황과 농민들의 병해방제법과 관련된 재배방법을 조사하였다. 육묘기와 본밭초기의 담배에서 발생되는 전염성 병해는 극히 미미하였으며, 수확기의 담배에 가장 피해를 주는 병은 감자바이러스 Y에 의한 모자이크병과 세균성마름병(Ralstonia solanacearum)이었다. 담배모자이크바이러스(TMV)에 의한 모자이크병은 저항성 품종의 확대 보급으로 인하여 10년 전에 비하여 크게 감소되었으며, 세균성마름병 발생은 감수성 품종 보급으로 인하여 증가하였다. 30% 이상의 담배 재배 농민들이 농약을 오용하고 있었으며, 같은 수의 농민들이 10년 이상 담배를 연작하고 잘못된 윤작 작물을 선택하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1983

In order to study the effects of cropping system and fungicide (Dachigaren) on soil microbes, the seasonal fluctuations of soil microbes in the fields of radish and Chinese cabbage including soil pH, Soil moisture content and soil temperature were investigated on every 15 day interval from the begining of March to late October in 1981. The population of total fungus peaked at the begining of July, while that of total bacteria, at the begining of August. They were affected by soil temperature, however pathogenic microbes seemed to be more related with host plants than the soil temperature, because pathogens showed high density through the whole cultivation period. The pathogenic microbes showed the density of order ; Xanthomonas, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium and Corynebacterium. Xanthomonas, Erwinia and Pseudomonas, which induced radish and Chinese cabbage diseases were higher than Agrobacterium and Corynebacterium in population densigy. Bacterial soft rot occured at the density of Erwinia $5.9{\sim}6.6{\times}10^5/dry$ soil 1 gram. The density of microbes on continuous fields were higher than that of rotating fields, but there were no significant difference between treated fungicide plot and non treated in the density of microbes, also no difference between Chinese cabbage and radish growing fields.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2011

To improve the soil properties of physical and microbial community rice bran and wood charcoal were applied in the continuously cultivated plastic film house soil. Soil physical properties were improved by application of rice bran and charcoal compared to chemical fertilizer application (control) by 8~14% in bulk density and 5~9% in soil porosity. Changes in the biological ratio indexes of fatty acids in the soils were detected depending on the inputted materials. Especially in application of rice bran including mixture with charcoal, much more fungi and less bacteria were detected and the ratio of fungi to bacteria was increased, suggesting the more organic carbon metabolically active in these treatments. The high ratio of aerobe to anaerobe suggested the better aerobic conditions were in the soil inputted wood charcoal. From these results, it is important and possible to select some materials for the organic pepper cultivation, which may improve the poor condition soil.