• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.106-113
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• 2013

Since the 1960's, diverse movements that oppose the uniform design tendency of modernism appears in Italy. Especially, Gaetano Pesce, who opposed uniformity and standardization that are based on mass production system, had interests in making unique product, not an identical product, while accepting modern production technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehend Pesce's design, which creates diversity by arranging contingent, non-predictive, and episodic aspects in creative and acceptance processes according to the intension of the designer within mass production system, as a non-representational characteristic, which appears widely in modern thought and the arts, and examine how it is materialized in detailed design work. The study methods are first examining non-representation with theoretical contemplation and dealing with the design philosophy of Pesce based on the examination. Next, in order to discover non-representational characteristics that appear in the work of Pesce, it examines from introducing worker's creativity, user's possibility of choice, openness in the working process, and the aspects of researching materials. And a specific application method will be drawn through case analysis centered on furniture design. Gaetano Pesce's design that denies the world of representation based on the sameness comes to possess non-representational characteristics that acknowledge contingency and ceaselessly create difference by intentionally arranging during the working process.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1203-1209
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• 2010

Internet addiction is a serious social problem in information society. The purpose of this study is to develope a small diagnostic scale in order to detect internet addiction easily. The reliability and validity of K-scale and Kimberly Young-scale is investigated. Five small diagnostic scale is suggested by factor analysis and regression. The comparision of these small scale is established by correlation coefficient, chi-square test, gamma value of concordance in contingency table. In view of reliability and validity, we suggest a small diagnostic scale. The results of this study may be useful to detect internet addiction by oneself.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of the architectural space of Rem Koolhaas based on the spatial discourse of Gilles Deleuze, a philosopher of post-structuralism which comprehends pluralism accepting even contingency and uncertainty beyond deterministic attitudes of structuralism that has led the western discourses since the 19th century. First of all, this research will reflect on Deleuze's spatial concept through literatures and extract the characteristics related to architectural spaces. Then, on the basis of these characteristics, it will analyze the characteristics which were applied to the interior space of the recent architectural works of Rem Koolhaas to find out how Deleuze's spatial dicourse was embodied. Among Deleuze's speculations, the characteristics which falls under the spatial discourse were classified into three categories; degree between the striated space and the smooth one, the space of events and singularity, and the space of the multiple sense. These analysis words are used to look into the correlations among the specific practicing methods embodied in the architecture of Kookhaas. In conclusion, in the architectural space of Rem Koolhaas, it was found that the characteristics of Gilles Deleuze's spatial discourse of post-structuralism were embodied by the methods such as (1) Space of continuous transition, (2) Space of the $multiplicit{\acute{e}}$ accepting contingent events, (3) Space of the multiple sense, and (4) Space of movement.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2007

This study is to investigate the KS size recognition and mother's preference of female children's apparel. The practical research is performed for 150 mothers lived in Seoul and are randomly selected to their age, female children's number, education and income level. For statistical analysis and evaluation of survey data, frequency and percentage use contingency table. Findings in this study as follow: 1. Mother's preference for purchasing the girl's garments shows the significant differences of their subject characteristics such as age, girl's number, education and income level. 2. Mother's recognition about KSK 9403: 2004 sizing system for girl's garments does not show the significant differences of their subject properties. Most mothers only know the part of the KS size specifications because KS sizing systems are complex. So KS sizing systems must be simplified and respecified to understand the KS for mothers easily when purchasing their girl's garments. In summary this paper investigates mother's preference and recognition about KS sizing system for the girl's garments.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.13-39
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• 2006

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the interaction effects of organizational characteristics as contextual variables on the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and ASP service performance. The effect of relational exchange characteristics on ASP service performance has been also investigated. For this purposes, we developed a research model based on the literature reviews of ASP services, relational exchange theory, and contingency theory. A total of 106 usable survey responses from companies using ASP services has been analyzed in the study. The findings indicate that (1) flexibility and partnership had a positive influence upon noneconomic profit, (2) information sharing had a positive influence upon economic profit, (3) organizational size and IS maturity had a partial moderating effect on the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and ASP service performance, and (4) the subgroup analysis, conducted to determine the exact nature of interaction effect, reveals that the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and noneconomic profit is significantly stronger with a high level of organizational size than with a low level, and that the relationship between relational exchange characteristics and economic profit is significantly stronger with a low level of IS maturity than with a high level.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.584-590
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• 2001

This paper presents a windows program package for solving security constrained OPF in interconnected Power systems, which is based on the combined application of evolutionary programming(EP) and sequential quadratic programming(SQP). The objective functions are the minimization of generation fuel costs and system power losses. The control variables are the active power of the generating units, the voltage magnitude of the generator, transformer tap settings and SYC setting. The state variables are the bus voltage magnitude, the reactive power of the generating unit, line flows and the tie line flow In OPF considering security, the outages are selected by contingency ranking method. The resulting optimal operating point has to be feasible after outages such as any single line outage(respect of voltage magnitude, reactive power generation and power flow limits). The OPF package proposed is applied to IEEE 14 buses and 10 machines 39 buses model system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

This paper presents a new algorithm for determining generator operation point for maintaining stability considering generator faults in Jeju-Haenam HVDC system. As the HVDC system consumes reactive power for the transmission of active power substantially, compensation of reactive power is essential. And the HVDC system is operated on frequency control mode. That is to say, the HVDC system almost manages system frequency. Therefore, we recognized that the Jeju system could be unstable if the reactive power consumed by the HVDC is insufficient when out-of-step occurs with large generators. When the solution of power flow analysis does not converge due to the unstable system phenomenon, we have difficulty in establishing countermeasures as the post-fault information is not available. In this paper, for the purpose of overcoming this difficulty in establishing countermeasures, we introduce the CPF(Continuation Power Flow) algorithm. This paper suggests an algorithm for calculating the output limitation of the generator to maintain the stability in case of generator fault in the Jeju system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.75-77
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• 2004

상정사고 해석의 경우 수많은 상정사고를 실시간에 해석하기 위하여 전력조류계산 결과로 얻어진 Jacobian의 역행렬이 포함하고 있는 민감도 정보를 이용하는 경우가 많다. 이 경우 각종 상정사고 후의 각 모선전압과 전압의 위상각과 같은 상태변수를 선형적으로 신속히 계산할 수 있는 장점이 있는 반면에 송전선로 고장과 같이 계통구성이 변하는 상정사고의 경우에는 계산결과 얻어지는 상태변수 값들의 오차가 커져 상정사고 해석 결과가 부정확해지는 문제점이 있다. 이때 보다 정확한 상태변수 값들을 계산하기 위해서는 탈락한 송전선로를 반영하여 Jacobian을 재구성하고 그 역행렬을 계산하여야한다. 본 논문에서는 특히 민감도를 이용한 상태변수 값의 선형 계산에서 오차가 커지는 문제점이 있는 송전선로 고장의 경우 계통의 구조 변화를 반영한 Jacobian의 역행렬을 별도로 계산하지 않고 기본 케이스 Jacobian의 역행렬을 그대로 이용하여 간단히 구하는 방법을 제시함으로서 보다 빠르고 정확한 상정사고 해석을 할 수 있는 기법에 대해 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 뉴잉글랜드 39 모선 계통에 적용하여 그 효과를 입증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analysis effects of resistive exercise on cardiopulmonary fitness and cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Methods : Ten healthy university students had done resistive exercise without aerobic exercise over one year participated resistive exercise group and ten general university students, then were calculated oxygen consumption ($VO_2$) and respiratory exchange rate($VO_2/VCO_2$). After a week, they were measured Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) at moderate exercise(HRmax 50%), maximal exercise (HRmax 100%) for taking cerebral blood flow velocity. Results : In the comparison between groups, resistive exercise group showed significant higher oxygen consumption and lower respiratory exchange than controls(p<0.05). In resistive exercise group, oxygen consumption was significant negative correlation with cerebral artery pulsatory index(p<0.05). but, oxygen consumption was significant positive correlation with systolic blood flow velocity in controls(p<0.05). Conclusions : After considering all the factors, important value in resistive exercise is regular participation and help us increasing contingency response ability.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.149-165
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• 2020

Purpose - This study investigates how employee personality traits affect psychological contract breach. Also, our study examines how Guanxi, a unique socio-cultural characteristic of China, moderates the relationship between personality traits and psychological contract breach. Design/methodology/approach - To test our ideas, we constructed a survey questionnaire based on the literatures on personality traits, Guanxi, and psychological breach. The questionnaires were distributed to Chinese employees, and then we conducted a regression analysis using 378 questionnaires. Findings - We found that neuroticism is positively related to perceived psychological contract breach. We also identified support for the prediction that the positive link between neuroticism and psychological contract breach becomes weaker when employees' awareness of Guanxi is high. Research implications or Originality - This study provides several theoretical and practical implications. First, this study elaborates the personality traits-psychological contract breach relationship by incorporating Guanxi, a critical contingency factor of China. Second, given that the relationship between neuroticism and psychological contract breach can be affected by employees' perceptions of Guanxi, managers should administer Guanxi to function as a lubricant within the organization.