• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.809-827
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• 2017

Steam explosion was applied to extract phenolic compounds from oak wood (Quercus mongolica). The effects of three independent factors (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time) on the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity from the steam exploded oak wood were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables were coded at three levels and their actual values were selected on the basis of preliminary experimental results. The following optimal extraction conditions were selected: ethanol concentration 82.0%, extraction temperature $71.7^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 60.5 min for total phenolic content; ethanol concentration 78.3%, extraction temperature $70.3^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 57.6 min for DPPH radical scavenging activity; ethanol concentration 80.6%, extraction temperature $68.4^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 59.0 min for antimicrobial activity. The experimental values agreed with those were predicted within confidence intervals indicating the suitability of RSM in optimizing the ethanol extraction of phenolic compounds from the steam exploded oak wood. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental value of the total phenolic content was 111.8 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 65.7%, and antimicrobial activity was 17.0 mm, and those are reasonably close to the predicted values (109.2 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, 62.3% and 15.9 mm, respectively).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.835-841
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• 2023

Propolis를 미생물로 발효시킨 발효 propolis의 특성을 밝히기 위하여 먼저 에탄올로 propolis를 추출하기 위한 최적 추출조건을 검토하고 추출한 propolis의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 진탕 추출법과 정치 추출법으로 추출한 propolis 중의 flavonoids의 함량을 측정한 결과 정치 추출법에서는 6.40 mg/g, 진탕 추출법에서는 6.95 mg/g이 검출되었다. 용매로 첨가하는 에탄올 농도가 50%, 60%, 70% 및 80%일 때 propolis 중의 총 flavonoids 함량은 각각 6.75, 8.45, 7.45 및 7.75 mg/g으로 나타나 60%(v/v) 농도가 최적인 것으로 나타났다. 추출 시간은 1~3시간까지 증가시킴에 따라 flavonoids 함량은 약간 증가하였으나 3시간 이상의 추출은 flavonoids 함량변화에 크게 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 추출온도는 50℃에서 가장 높은 8.63 mg/g의 flavonoids가 검출되었다. Propolis 중의 유리당은 fructose, sucrose 및 rhamnose가 각각 5.80, 2.61 및 1.32 mg/g으로 나타났고 amino acid는 glutamic acid를 비롯하여 17종의 아미노산이 검출되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2013

The quality characteristics of Omija (Schizandra chinesis Baillon) extracts under various extraction temperatures and times were examined. The pH level of the extracts ranged from 3.35-3.47. The sugar and solid content of the samples significantly increased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.01). In contrast, the lightness of the extracts decreased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.001). In a palatability test, extracts boiled at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes scored high in terms of color, flavor, turbidity, sourness, and overall acceptability. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content of the extracts significantly increased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.01). Furthermore, direct correlations between hydroxy radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content (or flavonoid content) were established through simple regression (r>0.9) for different extraction temperatures and times. From these results, extracts boiled at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes is the best to product omija beverage considering functionality and sensory evaluation as well.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2021

This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder after undergoing different extraction solvent processes. The total phenolic content of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder measured a 14.66 GAE mg/g after undergoing ethanol extraction, and the total flavonoid content measured at 201.23 mg CE/g when undergoing ethanol extraction. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was 160.38~209.53 TEAC umol/g, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 53.99~90.76 TEAC umol/g, which indicated a higher level of antioxidant power in the ethanol extract as opposed to in the water extract. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder was 115.58~194.58 TEAC umol/g, and B. subtilis KCTC 2189 showed greater antimicrobial activity in the ethanol extract (concentration 200 ug/uL) as opposed to the water extract. Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder revealed differences in antioxidant and antimicrobial activity between the different extraction solvents. In particular, ethanol extract had higher antioxidant and antibacterial activity, meaning it is more favorable for usage as a functional food material.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권2호통권149호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

We investigated the contents of crude saponin in the decoctions of Platycodi Radix prepared by the different extraction processes. Each lyophilized decoctions prepared by the different protocol were suspended in water and partitioned with ethylacetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (BuOH), which gave the EtOAc fraction, BuOH fraction and the remaining water fraction, respectively. The content of crude saponin, which was estimated as the amount of BuOH fraction, and the HPLC profiles of the BuOH fraction were analyzed, and compared each others. The crude saponin content in the decoctions were increased proportionally to the increment of the extraction time, amount of water, extraction temperature and the number of repetition for extraction. Consequently, the optimized conditions were deduced to be suitable and recommendable for the preparation of Platycodi Radix ; the water amount needed for the extraction be 15-20 volumes to crude material, temperature for extraction be optimal at $85{\sim}100^{\circ}C$, extraction time be more than 5 hours and the repetition of extraction was 2 times.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2018

플라보노이드성분 함량이 높은 밀싹을 이용하여 유효성분을 추출하고, 중심합성계획모델을 이용하여 추출공정을 최적화하였다. 중심합성계획모델의 반응치로는 추출수율과 플라보노이드성분 함량을 설정하고, 독립변수인 추출시간, 주정/초순수 부피비, 추출온도에 따른 주효과도와 교호효과도를 해석하였다. 추출수율의 경우 추출시간과 추출온도가 상대적으로 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 플라보노이드성분 함량의 경우에는 추출시간의 영향이 가장 크게 나타났다. 추출수율과 플라보노이드성분 함량을 모두 고려한 결과 최적추출조건은 추출시간(2.44 h), 주정/초순수의 부피비(50.00 vol%), 추출온도($54.41^{\circ}C$)이었으며, 이때 추출수율은 30.14 wt%, 플라보노이드성분 함량은 $35.37{\mu}g\;QE/mL\;dw$이었다. 이 조건의 실제 실험결과 추출수율(29.92 wt%), 플라보노이드성분 함량($35.32{\mu}g\;QE/mL\;dw$)으로 오차율은 각각 0.39%, 0.74%이었다. 이는 두 개의 반응치를 동시에 분석하는 다중분석 종합분석임에도 높은 정확도를 나타낸 것으로 본 연구에서의 최적화과정 신뢰도가 우수한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.650-660
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 가상현실(VR: virtual reality) 기술을 적용한 치아발치 교육용 콘텐츠가 치아발치에 관한 지식, 수행능력 및 실습만족도에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 치의학 전공생 72명을 대상으로 교육매체에 따른 효과성 검증 실험을 진행하였다. 연구결과 첫째, VR 치아발치 교육콘텐츠를 활용한 실험집단과 치아모형을 활용한 실습교육을 받는 통제집단은 치아발치 지식에 대해 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 치아발치 수행능력(치아발치 전-치아발치-치아발치 후-마무리단계)의 경우 VR 치아발치 교육콘텐츠를 활용한 실습집단이 통제집단보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, VR 치아발치 교육콘텐츠를 활용한 실험집단의 수업만족도가 통제집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 VR 치아발치 교육콘텐츠를 활용한 집단이 수행능력을 향상시키며, 실습만족도가 높여 주는 것을 알 수 있다. 연구결과를 토대로 VR기술을 활용한 다양한 교육콘텐츠가 개발되길 기대한다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Chaenomeles sinensis as a content of protocatechuic acid and physiological activities. The analyzed the content of protocatechuic acid of Chaenomeles sinensis water extract (CSW) according to different extract temperature and time for extraction. It was analyzed as 0.14±0.00 mg/g in the extract at 100℃ for 3 h. Protocatechuic acid content increased as extraction time and temperature increased. The activity of the CSW at 100℃ for 3 h was measured. As a result of measuring DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity and SOD activity, antioxidant activity was found and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Cell viability was shown for RAW 264.7 cells, and NO (nitric oxide) production was also inhibited. Finally, content of protocatechuic acid increased with increasing extraction time and extraction temperature, and exhibited antioxidant activity, inhibition of NO production, and anti-diabetic activity. It is believed that the Chaenomeles sinensis is likely to be developed as a functional material.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.914-919
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• 1998

This work was designed to determine the optimum extraction conditions for imporving the quality of Eucommia ulmoidesl leaf-tea. Soluble solid content was 27.7% in the tea extracted at 99.3$^{\circ}C$(extraction temperature) and 67.8 min(extraction time) which were maximum points by the ridge analysis. The extraction conditions for the maximum organoleptic scores were 72.9$^{\circ}C$ and 59.6 min in color, 80.$0^{\circ}C$ and 90.0 min in aroma, 77.8$^{\circ}C$ and 55.5 min in aftertaste, and 77.9$^{\circ}C$ and 53.1 min in overall palatability. The extraction conditions for the minimum organoleptic scores were 77.8$^{\circ}C$ and 52.7 min in astringent taste, and 75.1$^{\circ}C$ and 49.4 min in Chinese medicine taste. The optimum ranges of the conditions based on soluble solid content and overall palatability of the tea wre 75~83$^{\circ}C$ and 55~65 min. The soluble solid content and overall palatability predicted at ooptimum condition(78$^{\circ}C$ and 60 min) werw similar to experimental values.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.280-284
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 안젤리카로부터 기능성 유효성분을 추출하기 위해 기존의 용매추출법과 마이크로웨이브 추출법을 이용하여 각 변수에 따른 추출량을 확인하였다. 또한 안젤리카로부터 추출된 유효성분의 항산화능 및 플라보노이드성분 함량, 총폴리페놀성분 함량 등을 측정함으로써 유효성분의 기능성을 평가하였다. 기존의 용매추출법의 최적조건인 추출시간(2 h), 주정/초순수의 부피비(60 vol%), 추출온도($60^{\circ}C$)에서 20.6 wt%의 유효성분이 추출되었다. 또한 마이크로웨이브 추출법의 최적조건인 마이크로웨이브 조사시간(6 min), 마이크로웨이브 세기(600 W), 주정/초순수의 부피비(60 vol%)의 조건에서 유효성분이 22.8 wt% 추출되어 기존의 용매추출법에 비해 빠른 시간에 추출이 완료됨을 알 수 있었다. 안젤리카로부터 추출된 유효성분의 추출량 유효성분의 항산화능은 DPPH radical scavening activity로 31.46%이었고, 플라보노이드성분 함량은 14.20 mg QE/mg dw, 그리고 총 폴리페놀 함량은 11.70 mg GAE/g으로 나타났다.