• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2013

In this study, we compared the performance of two control systems, fuzzy logic control (FLC) and conventional control (CC). The control systems were applied for controlling temperature and substrate moisture content in a solidstate fermentation for the biosynthesis of amylase and protease enzymes by Aspergillus oryzae. The fermentation process was achieved in a 200 L rotating drum bioreactor. Three factors affecting temperature and moisture content in the solid-state fermentation were considered. They were inlet air velocity, speed of the rotating drum bioreactor, and spray water addition. The fuzzy logic control system was designed using four input variables: air velocity, substrate temperature, fermentation time, and rotation speed. The temperature was controlled by two variables, inlet air velocity and rotational speed of bioreactor, while the moisture content was controlled by spray water. Experimental results confirmed that the FLC system could effectively control the temperature and moisture content of substrate better than the CC system, resulting in an increased enzyme production by A. oryzae. Thus, the fuzzy logic control is a promising control system that can be applied for enhanced production of enzymes in solidstate fermentation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.257-269
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• 1990

We designed this study to compare the total body fat content and its distribution of diabetics with those of normal subjects. Skinfold thicknesses at eight sites(subscapular, subcostal, abdomen, suprailiac, triceps, forearm, thigh and calf) and body circumferences at five sites(waist, hip, arm, thigh and calf) were measured on 220 diabetics(82 male, 138 female) and on 160 nondiabetic subjects(male 57, female 103). We matched 92 pairs with diabetics and nondiabetic control subjects by sex, age, body weight and height, and made comparisons between two groups(case-control study). The results were as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in total body fat content of diabetics and control (male ; 20.40$\pm$2.12%, 19.20$\pm$3.52%, female ; 26.46$\pm$2.53%, 27.01$\pm$2.92%, respectively). However, body muscle mass(%) in diabetic men(33.37$\pm$4.19%) was significantly lower than in nondiabetic men(38.16$\pm$7.11%). 2) Diabetics, especially women, were characterized by more central body fat than control. That is, indices of centrality of body fat distribution(subscapular/triceps skinfold : STR, central/peripheral fat : CPR) of diabetics were higher than those of control. 3) Body weight, body mass index and %IBW(current body weight$\times$100/ideal body weight) had negative correlations with duration of diabetes(r=-0.23~-0.33), but total body fat content(%) and indices of body fat distribution, such as STR, CPR, waist/hip girth ratio(WHR), and waist/thigh girth ratio(WTR), were not related to duration of diabetes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1991

The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of spraying sulfuric acid solution, and adding corn meal or molasses to reed canarygrass silage on digestibility of dry matter (DM) and fibrous components in ruminant. DM content of molasses or corn meal treated silages were higher than control. Whereas, sulfuric acid treated silage showed lower DM content compared with untreated control. Acid detergent fiber content was similar among treatments, but neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose concentration were higher in treated silages than those of control. Organic acids content were also increased in treated silages. In contrast, silage pH were lower in treated silages. Treated silages increased both rate and extent of DM and NDF in situ digestibility compared to control at all incubation times. Especially, 7 % molasses and 0.4 % sulfuric acid treated silages increased DM and NDF digestibility significantly after 12 hours of incubation compared with control. In nitro DM and NDF digestibility showed similar trend to in situ incubation. Also treated silages(mo1asses or sulfuric acid treated) incubated in situ had higher particle-associated carboxymethylcellulase activity throughout the incubation except 72 hours.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.423-432
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• 1993

The changes of quality of Fresh Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) was studied in this research work by investigating the effect of low $O_2$ content and high $CO_2$ content, well known as CA Treatment in storage, on the respiration rate and PPO Activity that was the main factor in Shiitake quality decay. CA Condition was conducted in 3 research periods that combined the $O_2$content(1%, 5% and 10%) and $CO_2$ content (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and air treatment as the control. The lower $O_2$content was the lower respiration rte that was showed in combination the lower respiration rate that was showed in combination of 20% $CO_2$ and 1% $O_2$ (the lowest), and the control air treatment was the highest . Very low $O_2$ content, conversly, did not show a satisfying result to the product.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

The effect of hemicellulose extracted from Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes) on the level of blood sugar and cholesterol in the diabetes-induced rat by streptozotocin(STZ) was investigated. The yield of hemicellulose by extraction process of 5% salt extraction, preparation of alcohol insoluble substance, IN KOH extraction, acid precipitation(pH 3.0), and dialysis was 9.24%. The experimental plots divided to 1% cellulose group(control), 0.5% hemicellulose group(H-l) and 1% hemicellulose group(H-2). The groups were fed for 6 weeks, then continuously fed for 1 week after induction of diabetes by STZ. Feed intakes, weight gain and feed efficiency of the each groups were not significantly different, while water intakes and liver weight of H-2 group were lower than those of control and H-l group. Weight of liver in the H-2 group was significantly lower than those of control and H-l groups. The amounts of feces were 0.32 g/day in the control group, 0.43∼0.44 g/day in the H-l and H-2 groups, while the amounts of urine were 15.28 mL/day in the control group, 10.83∼11.20 mL/day in the H-l and H-2 groups. The content of blood glucose before diabetes induction(fed for 3∼5 weeks) was 111.2-132.6 mg/dL in the control group, not significantly different from others; After diabetes induction, however, the contents were 212.8 mg/dL in the control group, 140.0-144.0 mg/dL in the H-l and H-2 groups, which showed significant difference. Urine glucose contents of H-2 group before and after diabetes induction were lower than those of control and H-l groups. There was no significant difference in the content of neutral lipid between each groups. Total cholesterol contents were 101.6 mg/dL in the control group, 56.∼64.0 mg/dL in the hemicellulose groups. HDL-cholesterol content and atherogenic index of hemicellulose groups were lower than those of control group, respectively. In conclusion, the hemicellulose extracted from Shiitake mushroom represented improving and preventing effects for diabetes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.102-103
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feather digests on the growth of broiler chicks and taurine content in the broiler meat. In Experiment 1, a total of 40 broiler chickens(Ross) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: control(T1), regular feather meal(FM) diet(R-FM, T2), NaOH treated FM diet(NaOH-FM,T3), HNO3 treated FM diet(HNO3-FM,T4). In Experiment 2, a total of 70 broiler chickens were assigned to 7 dietary treatments: T1~T4(same as those of Exp. 1), modified HNO3 treated FM diet(M-HNO3-FM,T5), hair meal diet(HM,T6) and 0.22% cystine supplemented diet(CYS,T7). Feather meals and hair meal were supplemented at the 5% in the diet. In Experiment 1 and 2, weight gain of chicks fed R-FM and NaOH-FM tended to be higher than those of the control and HNO3-FM. In Experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed CYS was highest followed by NaOH-FM, HM, M-HNO3-FM, HNO3-FM, control and R-FM. In Experiment 1, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of control. In Experiment 2, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM and CYS tended to be higher than that of other groups. Taurine content in leg muscle was significantly different among treatments as NaOH-FM and R-FM being highest followed by M-HNO3-FM, CYS, control, HNO3-FM and BM. Taurine content in the liver(Exp. 1 and 2) and heart(Exp. 2) were not significantly affected by treatments. These results indicated that 5% NaOH-FM in the diet was effective in increasing taurine content in breast and leg muscle of broiler chicks.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.470-479
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• 1997

In order to determine the effect of Sopungchukdamtang experimental studies were performed in Hyperlipidemia Rats. The contents of serum Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, Free fatty acid, Phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured The results were summarized as follows; 1. The content of Total cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in Sopungchukdamtang(34mg/l00g) group, but did not show a significance. Sopungchukdamtang (17mg/l00g) group showed a significant value. 2. The content of Triglyceride in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in Sopungchukdamtang(17mg/l00g) group and Sopungchukdamtang(34mg/l00g) group, but did not show a significance. 3. The content of Free fatty acid in the serum was significantly decreased in Sopungchukdamtang(17mg/l00g) group and Sopungchukdamtang(34mg/l00g) group. 4. The content of Phospholipid in the serum compared with control group tended. to be decreased in Sopungchukdamtang(34mg/l00g) group, but did not show a significance. Sopungchukdamtang(17mg/l00g) group showed a significant value. 5. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be increased in Sopungchukdamtang(17mg/l00g) group, but did not show a significance. Sopungchukdamtang(34mg/l00g) group showed a significant value. 6. The content of LDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in Sopungchukdamtang(34mg/l00g) group, but did not show a significance. Sopungchukdamtang(17mg/100g) group showed a significant value. According to the above results, it is assumed that Sopungchukdam-tang has a valid effect on Hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.4_2
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• pp.595-602
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of apple fermentation when different types of salt were used during apple fermentation, and when salt was added or not. The pH decreased in all experimental groups during the fermentation process, and the final pH was 4.72-3.31. The sugar content was 17.8-18.5 °Brix, the lowest in the sea salt (FAS), and the highest in the control group (FA). The acidity was measured as 0.48-0.56%, which was high in the control group (FA), and was 0.83-1.06% on the 7th day of final fermentation. The alcohol content was generated from the 5th day of fermentation, and the control group (FA) showed a distribution of 39.23-29.4%, and the alcohol content was higher in the control group than in the experimental group, As for the total polyphenol content and total DPPH content, it was confirmed that the purified salt (3.11 mg GAE/mL) showed the highest total polyphenol content than the control (2.25 mg GAE/mL). When salt was added, the fermentation progress was excellent, and when the salt concentration was high, it was confirmed that the possibility of apple fermentation was high.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1466-1470
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• 2016

As individuals create many contents anytime and anywhere together with the widespread dissemination of smart devices as well as various social networking services (SNS), content centric networking (CCN) has regarded as a new networking technology. However, CCN is exposed to malicious attacks on the mobility management of mobile content sources during handover and high volume of control messages. Therefore, this paper presents a secure duplicate name detection (SecureDND) mechanism without additional control messages by signed information and secure token. It is shown from the performance evaluation that the proposed scheme can provide low control overhead, which results in the network scalability.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2011

Transparent liquid crystal gels with high oil content by fatty acid soap were investigated. The solubilization efficiency of the mineral oil was dependent on the process. The process of dropping water part into the solution of oil and surfactant was more efficient than the process of dropping water part into the surfactant solution and after that dropping oil. The fatty acid soap could not solubilize the high oil content, but under the certain range, addition of CDE (Coconut Diethanolamide), Arlacel 165 (Glyceryl Stearate/PEG-100 Stearate) and cetostearyl alcohol helped solubilize the high content oil. Also, the glycerin and water content had influence on the solubilization. Especially, higher oil content gel showed elastic feature.